名词所有格的用法.doc

尖子生 学习资料名词所有格的用法【明确考点 专注重难点】中考对名词所有格的考查主要集中在：1. 名词所有格的构成。2. 名词所有格的用法。3. 名词所有格在中考试题中常以单项选择题、词汇运用题等形式出现，分值为2-3分。【特高级专家 倾力打造】一、知识精讲名词所有格表示名词的所属关系，相当于汉语中的“的”。（一） s 所有格是人名或表示有生命和被视为有生命的东西及表示时间、距离、国家、城市等的名词，常用“s”所有格。1. 单数名词后直接加“s”。【例句】This is my sisters book. 这是我妹妹的书。状元典例Where are _books?A. Tom B. Tom C. Toms D. Toms答案：C思路分析：浏览题干可知句意为“汤姆的书在哪儿？”Tom表示人名，其所有格在其后加“s”即可。故选C项。2. 在规则的复数名词后只加“”，在不规则的复数名词后加“s”。【例句】Today is Teachers Day. 今天是教师节。Do you know when is Childrens Day? 你知道儿童节是什么时候吗？状元典例Do you hear the _ report?A. policemen B. policemens C. policemens D. policemens答案：B思路分析：选项中policemen是复数形式，是不规则的复数名词，故其所有格为在其后加“s”，B项正确。3. 表示“共有”时，只在最后一个名词上加 “s”。【例句】This is Lucy and Lilys room. 这是露西和莉莉（共有）的房间。状元典例_ bedroom is very beautiful. They like it very much.A. Annes and Jane B. Anne and Janes C. Annes and Janes D. Anne and Jane答案：B思路分析：根据bedroom是单数可判断是共有的一间卧室，故只在后一个名词Jane后加“s”。句意为“安妮和珍妮的卧室很漂亮。她们非常喜欢”。4. 表示“各自所有”时，在各名词后加“s”。【例句】These are Xiao Hongs and Xiao Lings books. 这些是小红和小玲的书。状元典例_ fathers are both actors.A. Jims and Bob B. Jim and Bobs C. Jims and Bobs D. Jim and Bob答案：C思路分析：根据题干中的fathers是复数可判断是“吉姆的爸爸和鲍勃的爸爸都是演员”，表示各自所有，在每个人名后都加“s”。（二）of所有格表示无生命的名词或有生命的但定语较长的名词 【例句】This is a map of China. 这是一幅中国地图。Lucy is the name of the girl standing at the door. 露西是站在门边的女孩的名字。状元典例The _ open.A. windows of the room is B. windows of the room are C. rooms windows D. rooms windows is答案：B思路分析：浏览选项可知“房间”表示无生命的物体，故用of所有格形式，排除C，D两项；windows是复数，故谓语动词用复数形式are。（三）双重所有格“of +名词所有格/名词性物主代词”，称为名词的双重所有格。【例句】He is a friend of my fathers. = Hes one of my fathers friends. 他是我爸爸的一个朋友。 双重所有格的特征：1. “of +名词所有格/名词性物主代词”中的名词必须是人，不能是物。【例句】This is a play of Shakespeares. 这是莎士比亚的一部戏剧。状元典例Where have you been these days?I have been to Bei Daihe with a friend _.A. of me B. of mine C. me D. mine答案：B思路分析：表示“我的一个朋友”用“of+名词性物主代词”。“我的”的名词性物主代词是mine。故选B项。2. 被修饰词前常有冠词、数词、物主代词、不定代词等。【例句】This tool of his is very useful. 他的这个工具很有用。状元典例Hes _ of my sisters.A. a teacher B. an teacher C. teacher D. this teacher答案：A思路分析：A项意为“一位老师”；B项错误，teacher的首音素是辅音，故其前不能用an修饰；C项前缺少修饰词；D项意为“这位老师”，根据句意“他是我妹妹的一位老师”可知A项正确。（四）特殊形式的所有格to也表示所属关系。钥匙(key)、答案(answer)、桥(bridge)、路(way)和出入口(exit, entrance)的所有格都用to。the key to the doorthe answer to the questionthe bridge to knowledgethe way to schoolthe exit/entrance to the building 【例句】Please tell me the answer to the question. 请告诉我问题的答案。状元典例Can you tell me the way _ the post office?A. of B. on C. in D. to答案：D思路分析：句意为“你能告诉我去邮局的路吗？”way后用介词to，故选D项。二、难点聚焦1. 词尾带s的单数名词，通常加“”或“s”。【例句】 Such is the boss/bosss plan. 那就是老板的计划。 2. 词尾带s的人名，可加“s”或只加“”。【例句】 Dickens / Dickenss novels are very interesting. 狄更斯的小说很有趣。3. 词尾不带s却以音结尾者，一律加“s”。【例句】We like Marxs works. 我们喜欢马克思的著作。4. 表店铺、住家、公共建筑物、办公室等的名词，所有格后常省略名词。【例句】Were at the doctors. 我们在医务室。He is going to his aunts.他正去他姑姑家。状元典例Wheres your father? At _.A. Mr Greens B. Mr Green C. the Mr Green D. the Mr Greens答案：A思路分析：根据题干可知句意为“你爸爸在哪儿？在格林先生家”。表示住家时，所有格后要省略名词，故选A项。5. 名词所有格所修饰的词，前面已提到过，后面再提及时，为避免重复往往，省略名词。【例句】Whose pen is this? 这是谁的钢笔？Its Toms. 是汤姆的（钢笔）。状元典例Its not my eraser, but _.A. Wang Li B. Wangli C. Wang Lis D. Wanglis答案：C思路分析：浏览题干和选项可知句意为“那不是我的橡皮，而是王丽的”。前面已提到过“橡皮”，故后面省略；“王丽”在英语中写作Wang Li，即“姓”和“名”的首字母要大写，故选C项。6. each other的名词所有格形式是each others。【例句】They shake each others hands. 他们互相握着对方的手。状元典例The twin brothers often put small presents in _ stockings on Christmas Day.A. each others B. each others C. each others D. each other答案：A思路分析：本题考查each other的所有格形式。其所有格形式为在each other后直接加“s”。句意为“这双胞胎兄弟经常在圣诞节把小礼物互相放到对方的长筒袜里”。7. else修饰不定代词时，其所有格形式是在else后直接加“s”。【例句】This is somebody elses bag. 这是别人的包。状元典例I dont have a red backpack. It is _.A. someone else B. else someone C. someone elses D. someone else答案：C思路分析：浏览各选项可知someone是不定代词，else修饰不定代词时需后置，排除B项；根据句意“我没有红色背包。它是其他人的”可知用所有格形式，排除A项；else的所有格应在其后直接加“s”，故选C项。8. 名词所有格并不都表示所有关系，有时也表示其他意义。（1）表示类别：【例句】 He got a doctors degree last year. 去年他获得了博士学位。（2）表示动作执行者 【例句】Mr Wangs arrival makes us happy. 王老师的到来令我们很高兴。（3）表示承受者 Childrens education is necessary. 儿童教育是必须的。状元典例How do you like the _ hospital?A. children B. child C. childrens D. childs答案：C思路分析：浏览题干和各选项可知“儿童医院”表示类别，用名词所有格形式，排除A，B两项；“儿童”用复数形式，故排除D项。句意为“你感觉这家儿童医院怎么样？”9. “s”所有格可变成of所有格，但并非所有of所有格都可变成s所有格。【例句】The boys bike is new. =The bike of the boy is new. 这男孩的自行车是新的。This is a picture of my classroom. This is my classrooms picture.这是一幅我教室的图画。10. 名词化的词和表示同位关系的词只能用of所有格。【例句】Now the life of the poor is becoming better. 现在穷人的生活变好了。Did you go to the city of New York? 你去过纽约吗？ 状元典例_ are very hard.A. The olds sticks B. The olds sticks C. The sticks of the old D. The sticks of the olds答案：C思路分析：句意为“老人们的拐杖很结实”。“老人”用the old表示，是由形容词old加上定冠词the而构成的名词，故名词所有格形式用of所有格。选项C正确。三、状元笔记1. 熟知名词所有格的构成：名词所有格有四种形式：s所有格of所有格双重所有格to表示的特殊所有格。2. 巧记名词所有格的用法：（1）人名或表示有生命和被视为有生命的东西及表示时间、距离、国家、城市等的名词，常用“s”所有格。（2）表示无生命的名词和有生命的但定语较长的名词，用of 所有格。（3）双重所有格中的名词必须是人，不能是物；被修饰词前常有冠词、数词、物主代词、不定代词等。（4）特殊名词钥匙(key)、答案(answer)、桥(bridge)、路(way)和出入口(exit, entrance)的所有格都用to。【名题精选，解析通理通法】1. （重庆）How far is your cousins home from here?Its about two _ drive.A. hours B. hours C. hours D. hour答案：C思路分析：根据答语句意“约两小时的车程”可知hour用复数形式hours，hours的名词所有格形式是在词尾加“”。句意为“你表妹的家离这儿多远？大约两小时的车程”。2. （广东）_ mothers both work in the same hospital.A. Tim and Peters B. Tims and Peter C. Tims and Peters D. Tim and Peter答案：C思路分析：根据复数名词mothers可知是“蒂姆的妈妈和彼得的妈妈”，表示各自所有，故在每个人名后都加“s”，故选C项。3. （山东潍坊）Mrs Bond is an old friend of _.A. Jack mother B. Jack mothers C. Jacks mother D. Jacks mothers答案：D思路分析：本题考查双重所有格。“杰克的妈妈”用“s”所有格，即：Jacks mother；“杰克的妈妈的一位老朋友”表示为：an old friend of Jacks mothers，故D项正确。4. （陕西）Im excited because Im going to have a_ holiday.A. two week B. two-weeks C. two weeks D. two weeks答案：C思路分析：句意为“我很兴奋因为我将有一个两周的假期”。“两周”用two weeks表示，其所有格形式是在词尾加“”，故选C项。也可用two-week表示，故B项错误。5. （广西）Now hes _.A. at the doctor B. at the doctors C. in the doctor D. in doctors答案：B思路分析：浏览题干和选项可知句意为“现在他在医务室”。即“医生的办公室”，表示店铺、办公室等的名词，所有格后常省略名词，at the doctors是正确表达。6. （山东淄博）Everyone knows March 8th is _Day and September 10th is _ Day.A. womans; teachers B. Womens; Teachers C. Women; Teacherss D. womens; teachers答案：B思路分析：本题考查复数名词的所有格。“妇女节”表示为Womens Day，women是词尾不带s的复数，故其后加“s”构成所有格；“教师节”表示为“Teachers Day”，teachers 是词尾带s的复数，故其后加“”。因为它们都是专有名词，故首字母要大写。所以B项正确。7. （四川南充）Im sorry. Thats not my dictionary, but _.A. Sally B. Sallys C. Sallys D. Sallys答案：C思路分析：浏览题干可知句意为“很抱歉。那不是我的词典，而是萨莉的”。前面已提到过dictionary，故后面再提及时，应省略该名词，只用其所有格形式。Sally是一人名，其所有格表示为Sallys。8. （江苏苏州）What are you doing?Im mending _.A. the tables leg B. the legs table C. the leg of the table D. the table of the leg答案：C思路分析：A项表达错误，“s”所有格表示有生命的名词，“桌子”是无生命的；B，D两项意为“腿桌子”，不合汉语翻译，故错误。只有C项表达正确，of所有格用来表示无生命的名词。句意为“你在做什么？我在修桌子腿”。【实战演练 个性冲刺】（答题时间：40分钟）. 根据汉语提示完成下列句子1. _(李明的父母)work in a big hospital.2. This is _(我妹妹的语文书).*3. _(双胞胎的卧室) are very nice.*4._(王平和王明的父亲) is a hotel manager.5. Is this _(你的好朋友的钢笔) ?*6.They are _(Peter和Sam的老师).7. _(教师节) is on September 10th .8. _(学生们的桌椅) are very new.9.We are very happy on _(儿童节).*10. He is in _(老师的办公室) now. 11. Please open _(教室的门). 12. _(赵敏的鞋) are white. 13. _(林红和张蔚的学校) is big and new.14. _(John和Sally的母亲) are American.15. _(刘伟的妻子的朋友) is from Guangzhou.16. _(Tony哥哥的电脑) is broken.17. Its _(妇女节) on March 8th.18. Are these _(男生们的书包)?19. That is _(汤姆和李雷的教室).*20. _(我父亲的和她父亲的朋友) are from Beijing. 单项选择（ ）1. The room on the right is _.A. her B. she C. Lucy D. Lucys（ ）2. Womens clothes are usually more expensive than _.A. mens B. mens C. mans D. men（ ）*3. He read _ poems last year.A. Burns B. Burns C. Burnss D. B and C（ ）4. Do you have the key _ the door?A. of B. on C. at D. to（ ）*5. Can they understand _ languages?A. each other B. eachs other C. each others D. eachs others（ ）*6. Whose umbrella is it?Its _.A. somebody elses B. somebody else C. somebodys elses D. somebodys else（ ）7. I feel terribly hot. Whats the _?A. temperature of the room B. rooms temperature C. room temperature D. temperature of rooms（ ）8. The woman over there is _ mother.A. Julia and Shelleys B. Julias and Shelleys C. Julia and Shelley D. Julias and Shelley（ ）9. He is very tired. He needs _.A. a night rest B. a rest night C. a nights rest D. a rest of night（ ）*10. Excuse me，where are _ offices?Over there. A. teachers B. teachers C. the teachers D. the teachers（ ） 11. Today is September 10th. Its_ Day. Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers.A. Teacher B. Teachers C. the Teachers D. Teachers （ ）*12. The village is far away from her indeed. Its _walk.A. a four hour B. a four hours C. a four-hours D. a four hours （ ）13. This is my dress. That one is _.A. Mary B. Marys C. sister D. mother（ ）*14. The _is just around the corner and you wont miss it.A. bicycles shop B. bicycle shop C. bicycles shop D. bicycles shop（ ）15. Well have a _ holiday. What about going to the West Lake?A. two days B. two-day C. two-days D. two days（ ）16. I stayed at _yesterday.A. my uncles family B. of my uncles C. my uncle D. my uncles（ ）17. In _time, those mountains will be covered with trees, too.A. few years B. a few years C. a few year D. a few years（ ）18. Is this your room?No, its _ room.A. the children B. the childrens C. the childrens D. of the children（ ）*19. Mr Shute is a friend of _.A. uncles of John B. John uncles C. Johns uncles D. John uncle（ ）*20. I like _.A. the life of the young B. the youngs life C. the life of the youngs D. the youngs life【答案详解】. 1. Li Mings parents 2. my sisters Chinese book 3. The twins bedrooms 4. Wang Ping and Wang Mings father 5. your good friends pen 6. Peters and Sams teachers / Peter and Sams teachers7. Teachers Day 8. The students tables and chairs 9. Childrens Day 10. the teachers office 11. the door of the classroom 12. Zhao Mins shoes 13. Lin Hong and Zhang Weis school14. Johns and Sallys mothers 15. Liu Weis wifes friend 16. Tonys brothers computer 17. Womens Day 18. boys bags 19. Tom and Li Leis classroom 20. My fathers and her fathers friends / My father and her fathers friends 思路分析：3. 根据谓语动词are可知主语用复数形式，故表示“双胞胎各有一个卧室”，所以正确表达为“The twins bedrooms”。4. 根据谓语动词is可知“他们的爸爸是同一个人”，故在后一个人名后加“s”。6. 根据主语they可知“老师”用复数形式；在此有两个含义：一是表示彼得和萨姆各自的老师；二是表示彼得和萨姆共同的老师们，故有两种答案形式。10. 句意为“现在他在教师的办公室