中考专题三形容词、副词专题.doc

中考专题三 形容词、副词考点解读中考对形容词和副词的考查热点一般集中在对它们的原级、比较级和最高级的变化及用法上。命题形式往往是在一句话中空出形容词或副词，让考生根据句子的意义和结构确定空白处应用形容词还是副词，或者应用原级、比较级还是最高级。具体内容如下：1形容词、副词的各种用法。 2形容词、副词的比较等级。3各种表示比较的句型。4形容词、副词构成的一些重要短语及句型，动词与副词搭配构成的短语。考点知识精讲形容词和副词考点一 形容词1形容词用以修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征，在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语。You must keep your eyes closed_when you do eye exercise.(宾补)There are many _colourful_coral reefs under the sea.(定语)Mother looked happy when she received our presents.(表语)2形容词作定语时，一般要放在被修饰的名词前，不定代词或副词后。但enough既可放在被修饰的名词前，也可放在被修饰的名词后。The boy is old_enough to go to school.He has something_interesting to tell his mother.3基数词可与名词(用连字符相连)构成复合形容词，用作定语。这时名词总用单数，而且这个复合形容词总是放在被修饰的名词前，常表示时间、度量等。如：a 5yearold girl4有些形容词只能用作表语，不能作定语。这类形容词主要有afraid，alone，asleep，alive，awake，ill等。5有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。如：friendly，lively，silly，lovely等。6以ing结尾的形容词通常修饰物，以ed结尾的形容词通常修饰人。如：interesting(有趣的)，interested(感兴趣的)等。7 “the形容词”表示一类人或物。如：the poor等。8一些表示情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定式。beto d9常见形容词的近义词归类。largebig，gladhappy/pleased，cleverbright，dearexpensive，brokenworn out，harddifficult，finewell，illsick，nicekind/fine/good/beautiful，alonelonely10常见形容词的反义词归类。badgood，bigsmall，largesmall，blackwhite，busyfree，coldhot，coolwarm，deadliving/alive，drywet，emptyfull，fastslow，highlow，illwell，littlemuch，openclosed，samedifferent，safedangerous，southernnorthern，lessmore，leastmost，worsebetter，worstbest，cheapdear/expensive，easyhard/difficult，possibleimpossible，happyunhappy/sad，earlylate新的newyoung年轻的 容易的easysoft软的健康的wellgood好了 错的wrongleft左边的长的longtall高的 胖的fatthick厚的重的heavydark黑暗的、深色的11. 形容词比较等级的构成：原级、比较级和最高级 （1）规则变化类别构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般直接加er,estnew tallnewer tallernewest tallest不梵音的e结尾时加r,stlate fine later finerlatest finest辅音字母加y结尾时把y变i，再加er, esteasy happyeasier happiereasiest happiest重读闭音节结尾并且只有一个福音字母时，双鞋最后的辅音字母，再加er,estthin hot thinner hotterthinnest hottest多音节词和部分双音节词在原级前加more,mostpopularimportantmore popularmore importantmost popularmost important（2）不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostbad/illworseworstlittlelessleastfarfarther（较远） further（进一步）farthest(最远) furthest(最大程度）oldolder elder（较年长的）oldest eldest（最年长的）12.形容词原级用法(1)说明人或事物自身的特征、性质和状态时用形容词原级。The pictures on the wall are nice. (2)有表示绝对概念的副词very，so，too，enough，quite等修饰时用形容词原级。The man is very tall. (3)表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。肯定句中的结构：“A.as形容词原级asB”English is as important as Chinese.否定句中的结构：“A.notas/so形容词原级asB”I am not so fast as lucy.我没有露西快。表示“A是B的倍”时，用“A.倍数as形容词原级asB”结构。(两倍：t wice；三倍以上：数字times)Our school is three times as big as his.This table is twice as long as that one.“half as形容词原级as”表示“是的一半”。His apples are half as many as his sisters.13形容词比较级用法(1)表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级，其结构为“A.比较级thanB”。The oranges in this bag are bigger than those in that bag.(2)有表示程度的副词a little，a bit，a few，a lot, much，even，still，far，rather，any等修饰时，用形容词比较级。It is much hotter in Guangdong than that in Jilin. (3)表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更”时，用句型“Which/Who is形容词比较级，A or B？”表示。Which book is newer，this one or that one?(4)表示“几倍于”时，用“倍数比较级than”表示。He is two years younger than you. (5)表示“两者之间最一个(of the two)”时，常用“the比较级”结构。Tom is the taller of the two boys.(6)表示“越来越”，用比较级重叠结构，即“比较级and比较级”，多音节词和部分双音节词时用“more and more形容词原级”。Its getting warmer_and_warmer in spring.Our school is becoming more_and_more_beautiful.(7)表示“越就越”时，用“the 比较级，the另一比较级”结构。The_more we get together, the_happier well be.14形容词最高级用法(1)表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围。He is the youngest in our class.Marys handwriting is the best of the three girls.(2)表示在三者或三者以上的人或物进行选择时，用“Which/Who isthe最高级，A，B or C？”结构。Who is the oldest，Mary，Nancy or Lily?(3)表示“最的之一”时用“one of the形容词最高级”结构，该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。The pen is one of the most beautiful pens.(4)形容词最高级前面可以加序数词，表示“第几最”。The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.(5)形容词最高级前面可以用物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，但此时不能再用定冠词the。Tomorrow will be my busiest day.(6)形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。Li Lei is the_tallest_student in his class.Li Lei is taller_ than any other student in his class.李雷比班上其他所有的学生都高。Li Lei is taller_than the other students in his class.李雷比班上其他所有的学生都高。Li Lei is taller_than anyone else in his class.李雷比班上其他任何人都高。特别注意： (1)ing形容词与ed形容词ing形容词表示“令人的”，表示主动意义，多指事物对人的影响，一般修饰或说明事物。如：surprising“令人惊讶的”，exciting“令人兴奋的”，interesting“有趣的”等。ed形容词表示“感到的”，表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人，常用于“sb.beed形容词介词”结构。如：surprised“感到惊讶的”，excited“感到兴奋的”，interested“感兴趣的”等。如：We are all excited about the exciting news.(2)形容词最高级前不加the的情况。如果形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格，则不必加the。如：Monday is my busiest day. (3)在同一范围内比较时，必须把主体排除在被比较的范围之外。如：China is larger than any_other country in Asia.(在同一范围内，只能和其他对象进行比较)。如：China is larger than any country in Africa.(在不同范围内，可以和其中任意一个对象进行比较)。考点二 副词1副词用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，在句中可以作状语或表语，宾语补足语。Please dont leave the room when I am away.The radio says the clouds will lift quite_quickly.注：可以用作表语的副词有：in，out，on，off，up，down，over，around。2副词的分类副词一般分为以下几类：(1)时间副词。如：now，often，usually，always，early，then，soon，before，ago等。(2)地点副词。如：here，there，out，above，below，outside，up，down，downstairs 等。(3)方式副词。如：hard，well，badly，fast，slowly，quietly等。(4)程度副词。如：very，much，still，almost，quite，so，too等。(5)疑问副词。如：how，when，why，where等(用于特殊疑问句句首)。(6)关系副词。如：when，where，why (放在引导的定语从句句首)。(7)连接副词。如how，where，why，whether等(放在名词性从句句首，主要是宾语从句)。3副词的位置(1)频度副词，如always，often，sometimes，usually等通常放在动词之前。但在句子里如果有助动词或情态动词，则要放在它们之后。如果有系动词be，也要放在系动词之后。He usually has lunch in the factory.The boy is often late for class.(2)enough作形容词修饰名词时，一般放在所修饰的词之前；作副词修饰形容词或副词时，应放在所修饰的词之后。I have enough money to buy the book.Hes tall enough to get the book down.(3)时间副词和地点副词的位置一般放在句尾。如果这两种副词同时出现在句中，则把地点副词放在时间副词的前面，也可把时间副词放在句首。They went swimming in the river yesterday.Yesterday they went swimming in the river.(4)方式副词修饰不及物动词时放在被修饰词之后，修饰及物动词时，放在被修饰的动词之前或宾语之后，如果宾语较长，也可把副词放在动词和宾语之间。Mr father works hard. Tom speaks Chinese very well.Mr Wang wrote carefully some letters to his friends.(5)“及物动词副词”组成的动词词组有名词作宾语时，该名词放在副词前或后均可，如是代词作宾语，则必须将该词放在副词前。Can I try on the shoes，please? Dont cut it down! (6)程度副词一般放在被修饰的形容词或副词前面，放在情态动词和助动词之后。Im very sad to hear that.(7)副词常与动词搭配成动词短语。及物动词短语take away 拿走 put away把收起来，放好 send away派遣，解雇move away搬开take down拿下，取下write down记下，写下 put down 放下 look up查阅send up发射 put up举起，挂起 dress up(给)穿上盛装，(给)乔装打扮ring up(给)打电话 pull up.(from)(从)拉上来 give up放弃find out发现，查明(真相) wear out穿破，用坏sell out售完，卖光try out试用，实验 take out 取出put on 穿上(衣服等)，上演try on试穿(衣、帽等)hold on(电话用语)不挂断 turn on打开，旋开(电灯、无线电等开关)pass on传递 turn off关掉，关上(开关) take off脱下(衣服等)give back还回get back取回，要回look over 查看，检查 look around环顾，寻找以上这些动词短语可以带宾语，当宾语为代词时，常放在中间。不及物动词短语come back回来come around过来(8)某些副词为了强调上下句的衔接，放在句前。Suddenly he had a good idea.4副词比较等级用法(1)副词的比较级、最高级的变法和形容词的比较级、最高级变法基本相同。请参见形容词比较等级用法。(2)在两者进行比较“表示A不如B”时，部分双音节和多音节副词除使用“not.as/so副词原级as”结构外，还可使用“less副词原级than”结构。Bill didnt do his homework as_carefully_as Jim.Bill did his homework less_carefully_than Jim.(3)副词最高级前一般不加定冠词the。Lin Tao did best in English of all. (4)不规则变化表原级比较级最高级wellbetterbestbadlyworseworstlittlelessleastmuchmoremostfarfartherfartherfurtherfurthest5.几个常用副词的用法区别(1)how long/how soon/how often/how farhow long “多久，多长时间”，是对一个持续的时间段提问，常用“for时间段”和“since时间点”回答。how soon “多快，多久以后”，是对一个短暂性动词提问，用于一般将来时句子中，常用“in时间段”回答。how often “多长时间一次”，对频度提问，常用“once，twice，three times a week”等回答。how far “多远”，对距离提问。(2)hard/hardlyhard “努力地，辛苦地”，“剧烈地，猛烈地”是程度副词。hardly “几乎不”，是否定副词。I can hardly_ see the words on the blackboard.Please pass me my glasses，Linda. We should learn Chinese hard as a Chinese.(3)much too/too muchmuch too“非常，极其，太”，much和too都是副词，much修饰too以加强语气，中心词是too，much too修饰形容词或副词原级。too much“太多”，中心词是much，too修饰much以加强语气，too much修饰不可数名词。与too many相对，但too many修饰可数名词。Dont eat any more，you have eaten too_much.You will become _much_too fat some day.(4)too/also/eithertoo 一般不用于否定句，常放在句尾。also常放在be动词或助动词之后，行为动词之前。either用于否定句，常放在句尾。You are a student. I am a student, too.They are also students.You dont know the matter.I dont know, either.(5)too/enough/sotoo “太，很”，用于“too.to.”结构，表示否定意义“太而不能”。enough “足够”，用于“形容词/副词原级enough to.”结构，表示“足够能”。so “如此”，用于“so.that.”结构，表示“如此以至于”。Im too tired to go on the work.The girl is old enough to go to school.The lake is so deep that nobody dare to swim in it.(6)already/yetalready常用于肯定句。yet常用于否定句和疑问句句尾。I have already_ finished my homework.Have you finished your homework yet?I havent had lunch yet.中考典例精析(2010安徽)It seems that Alice never wants to do anything except draw pictures.Right. Thats what she likes to do _.Amore Bless Cmost DleastPeter looks sporty.Yes. He is the _ runner in my class. Aslower Bslowest Cfaster Dfastest(2010宜宾)Would you like some coffee?No, thanks. I _ drink coffee. Coffee is bad for my stomach.Aalmost Balready Chardly DstillI can_ be a nurse.Im not a very patient person.Aseldom Bever Cnever DalwaysRemember, boys. _ you stand, _ you will see.AThe higher; the farther BHigher; farther CThe highest; the farthest DHigh; far (2010宁夏)She is very good at painting. She can paint _ her teacher. Aas better as Bas well asCas good as Dso well asWhy dont you like winter in Beijing?Because it is _ winter in Guangzhou.Aas cold as Bmuch colder than Cnot so cold as Dnot colder than(2010宁夏)Can I help you?Well, Im afraid the box is _ heavy for you, but thank you all the same.Aso BmuchCvery DtooThis is _ difficult problem that few students can work it out.Aso Bso a Csuch Dsuch a 1(2010安徽)It seems that Alice never wants to do anything except draw pictures. Right. Thats what she likes to do _. Amore Bless Cmost Dleast2(2010咸宁)Health is money. But I think it is _ money. Aas important as Bmore important than Cso important than Dthe same as3(2010河北)Sometimes walking is even _ than driving during the busy traffic time. Afast Bfaster Cslow Dslower4(2010晋江)Dont worry. My mother will look after your baby_. Thanks a lot. Acareful enough Benough careful Ccarefully enough5(2010安徽)Did you find the small village yesterday? Yes, without any difficulty, for it has _ changed over years. Ahardly Bgreatly Cclearly Dnearly6(2010铜仁)Study hard! _ you study, _ results youll get. AHarder; better BThe harder; better CThe harder; the better DHarder; the better7(2010苏州)Julia is very clever.In fact，I doubt whether anyone in the class has _ IQ. Aa high Ba higher Cthe higher Dthe highest8(2010兰州)Where would you like to go on your summer holiday, Mike? Id like to go_. Anowhere interesting Binteresting anywhere Csomewhere interesting Dinteresting somewhere9(2010广州)Why dont you like winter in Beijing? Because it is_ winter in Guangzhou. Aas cold as Bmuch colder than Cnot so cold as Dnot colder than10 (2010宜昌)How can I get along well with others, father? Try to smile to others, boy. That will make _ much _. Athem; easier Bthem; more easy Cit; easy Dit; easier11(2010宁夏)Can I help you? Well, Im afraid the box is _ heavy for you, but thank you all the same. Aso Bmuch Cvery Dtoo12(2010桂林)What is your favorite sport? Swimming, I think. Its _ of all. Aeasier Bmore difficult Cthe most interesting Dthe most boring13(2010泰安)Why do you always watch Channel 10 instead of Channel 5, Grandpa? The programs on Channel 10 are _ better. Amore much Bmuch more Cmore Dmuch14(2010龙岩)The modern Olympics started in Athens, Greece. Its motto is “ _.” AFast; high; strong BFaster; higher; stronger CFastest; highest; strongest15(2010湖州)Im not sure what to get mom for her birthday. Oh, Ive no idea, _. Atoo Bneither Ceither Dalso16They clapped and shouted _ when they saw Yao Ming appear on the playground. Ahardly Bquietly Cexcitedly Dangrily17(2010襄樊)_ do you study for a test? I study by working with a group. AWhere BHow CWhen DWhy18(2009中考变式题)What do you think of the lecture of Li Yangs Crazy English? I think its _， but someone thinks its much too _. Awonderful enough; bored Benough wonderful; boring Cwonderful enough; boring Denough wonderful; bored19(2009中考变式题)Tianan men Square is one of _ squares in the world. Alarge Blarger Clargest Dthe largest20(2009中考变式题)Lee came to Beijing in 2005. He has been here _ than you. Along Blonger Clongest Dthe longest21(2009中考变式题)_ will you have the meeting? Tomorrow morning. AWhat BWhy CWhen DWhere22(2009中考变式题)How _ the medicine tastes! Yes. But the medicine will really work soon after you take it. Aterrible Bdelicious Csweet Dnice23(2009中考变式题)Were you often late for school last term, Tom? No, _. I got to school early every day. Aalways Busually Csometimes Dnever24(2009中考变式题)What do you think of the cake? I like it very much. It tastes _. Agood Bterrible Cwell25(2009中考变式题)How about the dishes? Fantastic! Nothing tastes _. Anice Bbetter Cterrible Dworse26 (2009中考变式题)I didnt know you take a bus to school. Oh. I _ take a bus, but it is snowing today. Ahardly Bnever Csometimes Dusually27(2009中考变式题)China is one of _ countries in the world. Aold Bthe older Coldest Dthe oldest28(2009中考变式题)I havent seen Grace for a long time. I havent seen her, _. Aother Btoo Ceither Dinstead29(2009中考变式题)_ we plant, _ our city will be. AThe more trees; the beautiful BThe less trees; the more beautiful CThe more trees; the more beautiful DThe less trees; the beautiful30(2011中考预测题)Have you _ read the poem If? Yes. I really enjoy it. Astill Bever Cyet Dnever31(2011中考The world is becoming smaller and smaller because the Internet gets us _. Aless Bmore Ccloser Dfarther 32(2011中考预测题)_ will it take you from your school to the library? About half an hour. So Ill be there by 9 oclock. AHow far BHow soon CHow long DHow many33(2011中考预测题)Oh, Im hungry. Can I have the hamburger on the plate? No. It tastes _. Aterribly Bterrible Cgood Dwell34(2011中考预测题)What do you think of your English teacher? I love her. She is really _. She always has a smile on her face. Ahumorous Bfunny Cfriendly Dserious35(2011中考)Tim, do you think time is money? Yes, but I think it is _ money.Amore important than Bvery important as Cthe same as Dnot important as36(2011中考预测题)_ do you spend on your homework every day? AHow often BHow long CHow many DHow much38(2011)Now the air in our city is _ than it used to be. Something must be done to stop it. Avery good Bmuch better Crather bad Deven worse39(2011中考预测题)Hi, Kate. You are riding a bike today. Yes. Driving a car to school every day makes me much _. Afat Bfatter Cthin Dthinner 40(2011中考预测题)Papermaking is _ of ancient China. Aone of greatest inventor Bone of the greatest inventors Cone of greatest invention Done of the greatest inventions1(2010晋江)The cake is too expensive. Would you like to show me a _ one?Sure. Here you are.Acheap Bcheaper Ccheapest2(2010苏州)I can _ be a nurse.Im not a very patient person.Aseldom Bever Cnever Dalways4(2010兰州)Many Chinese students think science subjects are _ foreign languages.Amore difficult as Bless difficult than Cmuch difficult than Dso difficult as5(2010宁厦)She is very good at painting. She can paint _ her teacher.Aas better as Bas well as Cas good as Dso well as6Mr White said that he had _ visited the Great Wall before. Its his first time to come to China.Aever Bnever Conce7(2010)It is _ to teach a kid the way to solve a problem than tell him the solution directly.Ahelpful Bmore helpful Cthe most helpful9(2010重庆) I dont have enough money. This watch is too expensive.Look, there are some more over there. Theyre _ and nice.Abi