贸易 英语自考—外刊经贸知识选读 通关宝典.doc

外刊经贸知识选读 通关宝典Lesson OneChinas Foreign Trade.Basic words in journals of economy andtrade and their usages1.pattern n. 式样，样品，方式，方针(1)These patterns are quite popular in the international market.这些产品的款式是目前国际市场上比较流行的。(2)A complete range of patterns was sent to you by express airmail yesterday.全套样品已于昨天以航空特快寄给贵方。(3)Each trade in each country has its own patterns of sales channels.任何国家的任何交易都有它自己的销售渠道方式。(4)These patterns of trade are changing.这些贸易方针正在变化。2.contract n. 合同，合约(1)Contracts have been signed but work hasnt begun yet.合同已经签订，但工程还没开始。(2)We will have the contract ready for signature.我们将备好合约待签。v.缩小，收缩(1)The volume of foreign trade contracted sharply during past two years.过去两年间，对外贸易额大幅下降。(2)Metals contract as they become cool.金属冷却则收缩。3.account n. 账目，账户，账单，会计科目(1)The account will be used for payment under letters of credit, collection orders and remittances.本账户用于信用证、托收和汇款的结算。(2)The account sales of your parcel shall be forwarded in my next letter.贵公司寄售商品的销售账单，我们将于下次函寄。v.解释，说明(1)The costs and expenses shall be accounted for and borne separately by both parties.成本和费用分别由双方解释分担。(2)Bank shall account for all shares of stock and cash held by it.银行将阐明其持有的股票和现金。4.item n. 货品，项目，条目(1)Please quote your lowest price for the items listed below.请报下表中货品最低价。(2)Your breakdown doesnt contain item prices.贵方的价格划分不包括项目价格。(3)The computer at our data processing center can read all encoded items automatically.我们的数据处理中心的计算机能自动地读出所有的译码条目。5.deficit n. 赤字，逆差，亏损(1)Large deficits can have a disturbing effect on a countrys national economy.巨额逆差会对一个国家的经济产生不利影响。(2)A drastic change in the foreign exchange rate could cause a deficit.外汇汇率的巨大变动会造成亏损。(3)The US balance of payments deficit went up last year.美国国际收支逆差去年又有上升。6.decline v./n. 下降，减弱；婉言拒绝(1)The joint company, even with its cost advantages, saw its profits decline by 30%.该合营公司尽管生产成本很低，但其利润仍下降了30%。(2)He declined to discuss his plan with the newspapermen.他谢绝了与新闻记者讨论他的计划。(3)He examined the causes of the decline in sales.他查找销售下降的原因。(4)A gradual decline in the market sector has resulted in a fall in share prices.市场疲软导致股价下跌。7.expect v. 期待，预料，预计，期望，指望(1)Daily fluctuations in the money market rate are expected.资金市场利率的日波动情况已在意料之中。(2)We expected a fall in profits last year as our costs nearly doubled.去年我们预计利润要下降，因为费用几乎翻了一番。(3)We expect you to do your utmost to achieve the highest possible degree of market penetration for our products.希望贵公司尽最大努力为我方产品取得最高可能的市场渗透率。8.surplus n. 盈余，顺差，剩余物质(1)Mergers produce surplus properties.合并导致财产过剩。(2)If Japans current account surplus increases further it will cause even more instability in the world economy.如果日本经常项目顺差进一步增加,则世界经济将更加不稳定。(3)This company passively exports its surpluses.这家公司将剩余产品作消极出口。9.transfer v./n. 转让，转运，转移，转账(1)The technology was transferred by a licensing agreement.这项技术是根据特许权协议转让的。(2)A transfer of rights to a partys subsidiary is often allowed in a contract.合同中一般都注明允许将权利转给一方的子公司。(3)I wonder whether the tax authorities advised you about transfer prices.我想问问，税务机构是否把转账价通知了你。10.undertake v. 承担，承办，担保(1)The insurance company will undertake to compensate you for the losses according to the risks covered.保险公司将按照投保承担赔偿损失。(2)A project should be undertaken if its benefits exceed its costs.如果一项工程的利益大于其费用，那么就应该承接。(3)The buyer shall undertake to charter the carrying vessel.买方负责租船。11.buoyant a. 趋于上升的Even during buoyant economic growth,unemployment remains as high as 10%.即使在经济持续增长时，失业率仍高达10%。.Basic phrases and expressions in journals of economy and trade1.national income国民收入2.EEC(European Economic Community) 欧共体3.mostfavored nation treatment(status) 最惠国待遇4.visible trade account 有形贸易收支5.minister without portfolio 不管部长6.balance of payments 国际收支7.invisible account 无形贸易收支8.current account 经常项目9.central bank 中央银行10.countertrade 反向贸易11.joint venture 合资企业12.OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) 经济合作和发展组织13.Bank for International Settlements 国际清算银行14.nonbank trade related credits 指买方信贷，卖方信贷等Lesson TwoChinas Absorption of Foreign Direct Investment.Basic words in journals of economy and trade and their usages1.incentive n. 刺激，鼓励，动力(1)Investment incentives are another consideration.投资鼓励是另一个要考虑的因素。(2)The drive to increase profit will act as an incentive to efficiency.多赚利润的动机将成为提高效率的动力。(3)The cash discount given on this bill is an incentive to pay the bill on date due.对此账单给予现金折扣是为了鼓励按期付款。2.introduce v. 介绍，引进，采用，提出China has introduced some complete sets of modern equipment from abroad.中国从国外引进了一些成套现代化设备。3.sale n. 销售，销售量，交易，拍卖(1)We can increase sales without increasing expenses.我们可以增加销量而无需增加费用。(2)Sales are unlikely to rise above 40 million.销售量不可能超过4000万。(3)Sales on credit are often referred to as sales on account or charge sales.赊销常指赊账销售或记账销售。(4)The whole of their expensive stock of silks and velvets is now on sale at prime cost.他们正以进货价清仓处理昂贵的丝织品和天鹅绒。4.repay v. 还钱，偿还(1)This company is reliable in repaying debts.该公司在还债方面很讲信誉。(2)In two years time the credit will be repaid.贷款将在两年内偿还。5.combine v./n. 结合，合并，联合企业(1)A joint venture is a system which cleverly combines the opportunities and advantages of doing business abroad.合营是一种明智的制度，它把从事国外贸易的机遇和优越条件结合在一起。(2)The two businesses combined to make one large firm.这两家企业合并建成了一家大公司。(3)The combine controls the price rigidly.该联合企业牢牢地控制着价格。6.preferential a. 优先的，优惠的，优待的(1)Id like them to give us preferential payment terms.希望他们能提供给我们优惠的付款条件。(2)Singapore is a less developed area whose products have preferential access to world markets.新加坡是一个不发达的地区，其产品能优先进入世界市场。7.preference n. 优先权，优惠(1)Preference shares generally carry a fixed rate of dividend.优先股一般都有固定股息率。(2)As you know, preference is usually given to established importers.正如大家所知，优惠通常是给予经营多年的老进口商的。8.operation n. 经营，营业，业务(1)The enterprise has been in operation for two years.该企业已经营两年了。(2)Speculators are essential for operation of a future market.投机商对期货市场的运营至关重要。(3)The banks buying operations has affected the market.银行的吃进，对市价已产生了影响。9.waive v. 放弃，免除，撤回(1)As this offer has been waived, it is not binding upon us now.由于该盘已经撤回，其对双方均无约束力了。(2)We are prepared to waive our claim for freight compensation on the short weight of the goods.我们准备撤回因短装货物而提起的运费索赔。10.(be) entitled (to) v. 授权，给予资格(1)The shareholders shall be entitled to appoint directors of the Joint Company.股东有权任命合营公司的董事。(2)You would be entitled to a 20 percent discount on orders of ten or more copies of Business Management.订购工商管理十册或以上可享受20%的折扣。11.authority n. 当局，授权，权威(1)Such credits will be the subject of separate arrangement by the concerned authorities of the two contracting parties.此类信贷由缔约双方有关当局另行安排。(2)The First Party has full right, power and authority to sublet the premises.甲方享有全权转租此房产。(3)We shall be glad if you will issue an identification to the authority.假如贵方能出具证明给当局，我们将非常高兴。.Basic phrases and expressions in journals of economy and trade1.bamboo curtain 竹幕2.the Special Economic Zone(SEZ) 经济特区3.capital goods 资本货物4.cooperative enterprise 合作（经营）企业5.ETDZ(Economic & Technical Development Zone)经济技术开发区6.technology transfer 技术转让7.foreignexchange reserves 外汇储备8.preferential tax rate 优惠税率Lesson ThreeChinas Opened Economy.Basic words in journals of economy and trade and their usages1.boom v./n. 繁荣，景气 (1)Japan has long been favored by a business boom.日本长期以来受到商业好景气之惠。(2)Business is booming these days.近来商业突然繁荣起来。2.dominant a. 最有势力的，重要的，占优势的(1)Efficiency is the dominant idea in enterprise.在企业中，高效率是最重要的观念。(2)He is the dominant partner in the enterprise.他是这家企业最有实力的股东。3.record n. 记录，档案，记载(1)Domestic sales rose in the first quarter to a new record of 82 million.第一季度的国内销售额上升到8200万英镑的新记录。(2)They have kept full, accurate and complete records of all the business transactions.他们保存了所有交易的全部、准确、完整的档案。 v.记录，登记We have recorded our bad debts with other companies for six months.我们已记下了6个月来我方与其他公司交易的呆账。4.renewal n. 更新，重新开始，换新We are delighted at the renewal of negotiations.我们对恢复谈判感到高兴。5.renew v. 更新，延期，继续(1)Wed like to renew our sole agency agreement for another two years.我们想把我们之间的独家代理协议延长两年。(2)Please renew offer until March 23,4 pm.请在3月23日下午4点前重新报价。6.stake n. 股本，股份，投资When the share price rises, I raise my stake in the company.股价上涨时，我就增加在该公司的股本。7.worth a./n. 值，价值，财富(1)The recent changes of market conditions are well worth noticing.近来市场情况的变化很值得注意。(2)Many “error coins” are worth little more than face value.许多“错币”的价值与其面值相差无几。8.branch n. 分店，分行，分支机构(1)I am afraid the documents were sent to the branch of our bank by mistake.恐怕单据被误送到我们银行的分行去了。(2)As the volume of our trade with China is constantly increasing, we have this day opened a new branch in Beijing.由于本公司与中国贸易的不断增长，今天我们在北京又开设了一家分公司。9.climb v. 上升，增长，回升(1)Last years retail price index climbed back into 12 percent.去年零售价指数回升了12个百分点。(2)Their company has climbed to No.1 position in the computer market.他们公司在计算机市场领域的地位已经上升为第一。10.moribund a. 停滞不前的；凋敝的While exports are reasonably robust,domestic consumption remains moribunda sign of the countrys common anxiety about the future.当出口业相当稳定时，国内消费却停滞不前预示着一个国家对未来的普遍担忧。.Basic phrases and expressions in journals of economy and trade1.per capita 按人均计算的，人均2.Gross national product (GNP) 国民生产总值3.Punitive import tariff 惩罚性进口关税4.Securities and real estate markets 证券及房地产市场5.“Greater China”trade bloc “大中华”贸易集团,又称“华人经济区”(Chinese Economic Area, CEA)6.hightech, highwage economy 高技术，高工资经济7.General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)关税及贸易总协定8.commercial hub 商业活动的中心9.preferred status 优先权Lesson FourThe World Economy.Basic words in journals of economy and trade and their usages1.stagnate v. 停滞，不发展The governments own figures show that manufacturing output has stagnated throughout the period.政府的数据表明这一阶段的生产产量已停滞。2.aggregate v. 合计(1)The 3 invoice values aggregate 2,000. 三项发票金额合计为2 000美元。(2)The abovementioned two contracts aggregate a sum of 60,000 for the price difference of totally 8,000 metric tons of Aluminum Ingots. 以上两合同8000公吨铝锭的差价共计60000美元。n. 总计The amount is RMB ￥20,000 in the aggregate.金额总计是人民币20000元。a. 总的，合计的(1)What was the aggregate number of the contracts last year?去年合同的总数目是多少？(2)A balance of payments deficit means that the aggregate debit items exceed credit items.国际收支逆差是指借项总额大于贷项总额。3.advance v. 提前；提高；提出(1)Your office asked us to advance shipment of the first lot to April.你公司曾要求我们将第一批货物的装运期提前至4月。(2)As the price has now advanced, we can not accept a repeat order.由于目前价格上涨，我们不能接受上次条件的续订货。(3)You may be sure whatever comments or opinions you are going to advance will receive our immediate and careful attention.请相信，你们提出的任何建议或意见，我们都将迅速而认真地考虑。 a. 预先的The enclosed copy of the invoice will give you advance information of the consignment.随函附上的发票副本可在事前让你们了解这些货物的情况。n.前进，（价格等）提高(1)Owing to the sharp advance (rise, increase) in world market prices, we have to adjust our selling prices to the new situation.由于国际市场价格猛涨，我们不得不根据新情况调整售价。(2)Its not difficult for us to book the necessary shipping space in advance.我们事前预订所需要的舱位没有困难。4.consecutive a. 按时间顺序的，连续的 (1)All the relevant documents have been dispatched to us by two consecutive airmails.一切有关的单证都已经连续两次空邮给了我们。(2)They spent 3 consecutive summers in Paris.他们连续在巴黎度过了3个夏天。5.slump n. 下降，暴跌；不景气，萧条 (1)When there is a slump in a country, it is difficult to do trade, and many people are out of work.当一个国家经济萧条时，很难做贸易，而且许多人都会失业。(2)The recent slump in the market here makes it unavoidable for us to cancel the remainder of our order.最近本地市场行情暴跌，使我们不得不撤销订货中的剩余部分。6.finance n. 财政 He is trying to raise the finance to open another company.他试图筹措资金再成立一家公司。v. 融资，为筹措资金，供资金给(1)He finally found a backer who would finance the whole operation.他终于找到了一位愿意为整个计划提供资金的支持者。(2)We are pleased to know that you will arrange for us a credit to finance this import business.我们很高兴地得知你们将为我们安排信贷，为这笔进口业务提供资金。7.depreciate v. 跌价，贬值，折旧(1)The price of crude oil has greatly depreciated now.现在原油的价格已大跌。(2)When the adjusters assess the loss or damage, they will take into account the depreciated value of the goods or property.当理算师估算损失或损坏情况时，就会考虑货物或财产的折余价值。8.adverse a. 不利的，相反的The price fluctuations of the raw materials have produced adverse effects upon the manufacturers.原材料的价格波动已对制造厂商产生了不利的影响。9.devaluation n. (货币)贬值 Devaluation will strengthen the export market. 货币贬值将加强出口市场。10.in a row连续In 1991, for the second year in a row, the economies of lowincome and middleincome countries virtually stagnated.自1990年以来，低收入及中等收入国家的经济已连续两年停滞不前了。11.robust v. 强健的；强有力的The US economy is now much more robust.美国经济目前稳固多了。.Basic phrases and expressions in journals of economy and trade1.GDP(Gross Domestic Product)国内生产总值2.Gulf Crisis海湾危机3.the G7the Group of Seven七国集团4.deinflationary policies反通胀政策5.hard currency硬通货6.commodity market商品市场7.nominal (dollar) terms名义（美元）价8.constant (dollar) terms不变（美元）价格9.antiinflationary monetary policy反通货膨胀货币政策10.European Monetary System (EMS)欧洲货币体系11.debt restructuring债务调整12.direct investment直接投资13.portfolio investment证券投资14.the Gulf countries海湾国家15.per capita income人均收入Lesson FiveOn the US Strategy & Policy in Trade.Basic words in journals of economy and trade and their usages1.discrimination n. 差别待遇； 歧视(1)Discrimination against goods from foreign countries is usually done by means of tariffs.对外国货的差别待遇通常是借关税来实现的。(2)Is there no trade discrimination to be felt in US?在美国贸易歧视感觉不到吗？2.retaliate v. 报复If we raise our import duties on their goods, they may retaliate against us.如果我们提高他们货物的进口税，他们可能向我们报复。3.impose v. 加税于；强迫使某人接受(1)New taxes were imposed on wines and spirits.酒类加增了新税。(2)The government imposed a special duty on oil.该国政府对石油征收特别税。(3)A country may control its economy by imposing import restriction. 一个国家可通过施加进口限制来管理经济。4.sanction n. 制裁;惩罚 Sanctions were imposed for six months and then lifted.制裁实施了6个月后就取消了。5.escalate v. 增强；升级 This summer, many air conditioner makers cut the prices of their products by up to 20%, and that campaign has escalated into a price war. 今年夏天，很多空调生产厂家对他们产品的价格下调高达20%，这一活动已升级为一场价格大战。6.bargain n. 索价便宜、卖得便宜或买得便宜的货物 (1)You drive a hard bargain, can we meet each other halfway?你一股劲地还价，可否折中一下？(2)Property sold by an employer to an employee at a bargain price is taxable.顾主廉价卖给雇员的财产应纳税。v. 讨价、还价We bargained with the merchant for an expensive coat.我们和老板讲价想买一件昂贵的外衣。7.friction n. 摩擦The major economic friction between US and EU lies in steel imports and exports. 美国和欧盟的主要经济摩擦在于钢材的进出口问题。8.priority n. 占优先的位置；需要优先考虑的事物(1)Keeping the high cost of energy down is a top priority for every business. 使高昂的能源费用降下来，是每家企业的头等大事。(2)Your parcels will get priority treatment at all stage of handling.在任何时候我们都会优先处理贵方货物。9.strategy n. 谋略，战略(1)Our sales strategy has worked very well. 我公司的销售战略卓有成效。(2)The best market strategy for your corporation is to invest in other corporations.对于贵公司来说，最佳的市场战略就在于购买其他公司股份。10.business n. 企业，公司，商店；生意，买卖(1)Our business has increased its sales by 10%.我公司销售量增加了10%。(2)He is the manager of three businesses.他是三家商店的经理。(3)We have done business with Nestle SA for 2 years.我方与雀巢股份有限公司做生意已有2年了。(4)We dont do much business with them. 我们跟他们没有多少生意往来。11.procurement n. 采购，获得(1)The procurement of some raw materials is not easy.要获得某些原材料并不容易。(2)We will try to work as procurement agent on behalf of JVC.作为JVC公司的采购代理商，我们得尽心尽力。.Basic phrases and expressions in journals of economy and trade1.trade sanctions 贸易制裁2.resultsoriented 以结果为导向的3.(government) procurement 政府采购Lesson SixThe Development of EU.Basic words in journals of economy and trade and their egration n. 合并，结合(1)Two large companies decided on integration to save costs and share resources.两家大公司决定合并，以求节约开支，同享资源。(2)Martin Luther King was a leading advocate of racial integration.马丁路德金是取消种族隔离的一个主要倡导者。2.anticipate v. 期望The directors anticipate a large deficit for the years operations.董事们预计我们今年的营业亏损很大。3.soar v. 快速增长Prices soared when war broke out.战争爆发时，物价飞涨。4.budget n. 预算（尤指政府之预算，亦指工商公司、团体、私人等预算），预算额，收支计划 (1)The most sophisticated advertisers put a lot of thought and research into their annual advertising budget.最老练的广告人都挖空心思研究他们的年度广告预算。(2)Cash budgets are also important to the management of cash flows. 现金收支计划在现金流动的管理中也很重要。5.deregulation n. 撤销管制，放宽管制 The government has decided on the deregulation of the airline industry.政府决定放宽对航空业的管制。6.annual a. 每年的(1)The committee would like to know your plan for promoting the sales and the annual turnover.委员会想了解你的推销计划和年销量。(2)Generally, this work shall be finished before the annual closing of final accounts.一般来说，这项工作应在年度结算前完结。7.breach n. 违规，破坏（规则、职责、契约等） Such damage of a breach of this agreement shall be paid by the dealer.此种违约造成的损失，其损失金额应由商人支付。8.backlash n.强烈抵制；集体反对If that happens, the backlash from Mr. Obamas supporters could be fearful.如果那（种情况）发生了，则来自奥巴马的支持者的强烈反应将是可怕的。9.sour v.恶化；变坏Inflation has soured the dynamic economy.通货膨胀使不稳定的经济更加恶化。.Basic phrases and expressions in journals of economy and trade1.barrierfree market自由市场（无壁垒市场）2.import quota进口配额3.European Community欧洲共同体4.the Single Market统一大市场5.freetrade zone自由贸易区6.big bang大爆炸7.holiday fliers乘飞机外出度假的人Lesson SevenOn Japans Position on Trade.Basic words in journals of economy and trade and their usages1.target n. （储蓄、生产等的）目标；欲达到的总数、指标 Sales targets shall be arranged in accordance with the production objectives contained in the Joint Proforma.销售目标应根据联合估算表中所含产品对象进行安排。v. 定目标Its clear that smaller, more vulnerable banks have been targeted.很明显，规模较小、力量较脆弱的银行已被确定为目标。2.meet v. 满足(1)Our Sales Manager w