Unit5 Quick Fix Society.doc

精读Unit5 Quick Fix Society p114advocate / dvket/ v Tn, Tf, Tg, Tsg speak publicly in favour of (sth); recommend; support 拥护; 提倡; 支持: I advocate a policy of gradual reform. 我拥护逐步改革的政策. * Do you advocate banning cars in the city centre? n (of sth) person who supports or speaks in favour of a cause, policy, etc （对一事业 方针 政策等的）支持者, 拥护者, 鼓吹者, 提倡者: a lifelong advocate of disarmament 为裁军奋斗终生的人. person who pleads on behalf of another, esp a lawyer who presents a clients case in a lawcourt 律师. Cf 参看 barrister, solicitor. (idm 习语) devils advocate = devil.antique / ntik;/ adj / n(a) belonging to the distant past 古时的. (b) existing since old times 自古就有的. valuable because of age and rarity （因古老和稀少而）珍贵的. =Usage at old 用法见old.n object, eg a piece of furniture or a work of art, that is old and valuable, esp one that is of interest to collectors 文物; 古董; 古玩: attrib 作定语 an antique shop, ie one that sells antiques 古玩店.bicentennial / basentenl / adj happening once in two hundred years; marking a bicentenary 二百年一次的; 二百周年纪念的: a bicentennial anniversary/celebration 二百周年纪念活动庆典. bicentennial n = bicentenary.brief 1 / brif/ adj (-er, -est) (a) lasting only a short time; short 时间短暂的; 简短的: a brief conver-sation, discussion, meeting, visit, delay 短暂的谈话 讨论 会议 访问 耽搁 * Mozarts life was brief. 莫扎特的一生是短暂的. (b) (of speech or writing) using few words; concise （指说话或写作）简短的; 简洁的: a brief account, report, description, etc of the accident 对事故简短的叙述 报道 描述 * Please be brief, ie say what you want to say quickly. 请简断截说. (of clothes) short; scanty （指衣着）短的, 刚刚够大的: a brief bikini 短小的比基尼游泳衣. (idm 习语) in brief in a few words 简言之: In brief, your work is bad. 总之, 你做得不好. briefly adv 1 for a short time 短暂地: He paused briefly before continuing. 他停了片刻又继续进行. 2 in a few words 简单地说: Briefly, youre fired! 一句话, 你被解雇了!n (a) summary of the facts of a legal case prepared for a barrister （为讼务律师准备的）案情摘要. (b) case given to a barrister （给讼务律师承办的）案件: Will you accept this brief? 你接受这个案件吗? instructions and information relating to a particular situation, job, or task （对某情况 工作或任务的）指示和资料: stick to ones brief, ie only do what one is required to do 照章办事（仅做分内的事） * Its not part of my brief to train new employees. 训练新雇员不是我工作范围以内的事. (idm 习语) hold no brief for (sb/sth) not wish to support or be in favour of (sb/sth) 不支持, 不赞成（某人某事物）: I hold no brief for those who say that violence can be justified. 我不赞成人们说有时使用暴力是合乎情理的.v 1 Tn, Tnt give a brief2(1a) to (sb) 将案件委托（某人）: The company has briefed a top lawyer to defend it. 公司已将案件委托给最好的律师进行辩护. 2 Tn, Tn.pr sb (on sth) give sb detailed information or instructions in advance (about sth) 事先给某人详细介绍或指示（某事物）: The Prime Minister was fully briefed before the meeting. 首相在会议前已掌握了详尽资料. debrief. briefing n C, U detailed instructions and information given at a meeting (esp before a military operation) （会议上作的）详细指示和介绍; （尤指军事行动前的）会议部署: receive (a) thorough briefing 听取详细指示 * attrib 作定语 a briefing session 任务布置会.civil / svl/ adj of or relating to the citizens of a country 公民的; 民间的; 国内的: civil disorder, eg rioting 民间的动乱 * civil strife, eg fighting between different political or religious groups within a country 内乱. of or relating to ordinary citizens rather than the armed forces or the Church 普通公民的（非军队的或教会的）; 文职的; 文官的: civil government 文官政府. polite and helpful 礼貌的; 助人的; 文明的: How very civil of you! 你多麽彬彬有礼呀! involving civil law rather than criminal law 民法的（非刑法的）: civil cases 民事案件 * a civil court 民事诉讼法庭. Cf 参看 criminal 2 (crime). civility / svlt/ n C, U (fml 文) (act of) politeness 礼貌; 客气: You should show more civility to your host. 你是客人, 应该对主人有礼貌.civilly / svl; svl/ adv politely 有礼貌地.civil defence民防.,civil disobedience refusal to obey certain laws, pay taxes, etc, as a peaceful means of (esp political) protest （人民针对政府的）非暴力反抗: a campaign of civil disobedience 非暴力反抗运动.,civil engineering土木工程. ,civil engineer 土木工程师.,civil law 民法.,civil liberty 公民自由.civil list (Brit) 王室年俸.,civil marriage 公证结婚（未经宗教仪式但为法律承认的婚姻）.,civil rights 公民权. ,civil rights movement 民权运动.,civil servant（政府中的）公务员, 文职人员, 文官.the ,Civil Service (a)（政府中的）文职部门, 行政机关: She works in the Civil Service, eg in the Home Office. 她在政府行政机关中工作（如在内政部）. (b) Gp all the people employed in these （政府文职部门中的）全体公务员: The Civil Service is/are threatening to strike. 政府行政部门的全体公务员威胁要举行罢工.,civil war 内战: the Spanish Civil War 西班牙内战convenience / knvinns; / n U quality of being convenient or suitable; freedom from trouble or difficulty 方便; 便利; 适宜; 省事: a library planned for the users convenience 旨在方便读者的图书馆C (a) arrangement, appliance or device that is useful, helpful or suitable 有用 有益或适宜的安排 用具或设施: It was a great convenience to have the doctor living near us. 有医生住在我们附近真是太方便了. (b) (Brit euph 婉) lavatory for the use of the general public （公共）厕所: There is a public convenience on the corner of the street. 在街道的拐角处有公共厕所. (idm 习语) at ones convenience when and where it suits one 在方便的时候及在适宜的地方: With a caravan, you can stop at your own convenience; youre not dependent on hotels. 开着一辆大篷车, 可以随意停下来, 不用住旅馆. at your earliest convenience = early. a flag of convenience = flag1.# convenience food food (eg in a tin, packet, etc) that needs very litttle preparation after being bought 方便食品.defer 1 / df(r); / v (-rr-) Tn, Tn.pr, Tg sth (to sth) delay sth until a later time; postpone sth 使（某事）延期; 推迟: deferred payment, ie made in instalments after purchase 分期付款 * defer ones departure to a later date 推迟行期 * defer making a decision 暂缓决定. deferment, deferral / dfrl; dfl/ ns U, C.# de,ferred shares shares (share1 3) on which dividends are paid only after they have been paid on all other shares 延期付息股份.同词同音异意v (-rr-) Ipr to sb/sth give way to sb or sbs wishes, judgement, etc, usu out of respect 服从某人的意愿 判断等; （通常为）遵从: On technical matters, I defer to the experts. 在技术问题上, 我遵从专家的意见. * I defer to your greater experience in such things. 在这些问题上, 我尊重你丰富的经验.deference / defrns; / n U giving way to the views, wishes, etc of others, usu out of respect; respect 遵从; 服从; 顺从; 尊敬; 尊重; 敬重: treat ones elders with due deference 以应有的尊敬对待较自己年长的人 * show deference to a judge 表示对裁判的尊重. (idm 习语) in deference to sb/sth out of respect for sb/sth 出於对某人某事物的尊重: In deference to our host I decided not to challenge his controversial remarks. 我出於对主人的尊敬, 不对他那易引起争论的话表示异议. deferential / defrenl; / adj showing deference 顺从的; 恭顺的. deferentially /adv.digest 1 / dadest; / n short condensed account; summary 摘要; 概要: a digest of the weeks news 一周新闻摘要./ ddest, -/ v (a) Tn change (food) in the stomach and bowels so that it can be used by the body 消化（食物）: Fish is easy to digest when youre ill. 生病时吃鱼容易消化. (b) I (of food) be changed in this way （指食物）被消化: It takes hours for a meal to digest. 一顿饭要几小时才能消化掉. Tn take (information) in mentally; fully understand 吸收（信息）; 完全理解; 彻底领会: Have you digested the report yet? 这个报告你吃透了吗? digestible / ddestbl, -/ adjthat can be digested 可消化的; 可吸收的. digestibility/dI destblt/ n U./ vfeature / fit(r); / n (a) C one of the named parts of the face (eg nose, mouth, eyes) which together form its appearance 面部的一部分（如鼻 口 眼）: His eyes are his most striking feature. 他面部最突出的部分是那双眼睛. (b) features pl face viewed as a whole 面貌; 容貌: a woman of handsome, striking, delicate, etc features 相貌漂亮 动人 秀气等的女子. C distinctive characteristic; aspect 特徵; 特色; 特点: an interesting feature of city life 城市生活的一个有趣特点 * memorable features of the Scottish landscape 苏格兰景色中令人难忘的特徵 * Many examples and extra grammatical information are among the special features of this dictionary. 本词典别具特色, 诸如例证多及新增语法要点等. C (a) (on sb/sth) (in newspapers, television, etc) special or prominent article or programme (about sb/sth) （报纸 电视等中）（关於某人某事物的）特写或专题节目: This magazine will be running a special feature on education next week. 这一杂志下周要发表一篇关於教育的专题文章. (b) full-length film（电影的）正片, 故事片: the main feature following the cartoon 动画片之後的正片 * attrib 作定语 a feature film 故事片. v Tn give a prominent part to (sb/sth) 给（某人某事物）以显着地位; 由（某人某物）主演: a film that features a new French actress 由法国新女星主演的电影. 2 Ipr in sth have an important or prominent part in sth 在某事物中起重要作用或扮演主要角色: Does a new job feature in your future plans? 新的工作在你的未来计画中十分重要吗?featureless adj without distinct features (feature 2); uninteresting 无特色的; 无趣味的.gratify / grtfa; / v (pt, pp -fied) (fml 文) Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态 give pleasure or satisfaction to (sb) 使（某人）高兴或满意: I was most gratified at/by/with the outcome of the meeting. 我对会议的结果感到极其满意. Tn give (sb) what is desired; indulge 满足（某人）所欲; 纵容: gratify a persons whims 满足一人的奇想 * To gratify my curiosity, do tell me what it is. 为满足我的好奇心, 你一定得告诉我那是什麽. gratification / grtfken; / n (fml 文) 1 U gratifying or being gratified; state of being pleased or satisfied 喜悦; 满意; 满足: the gratification of knowing ones plans have succeeded 得知计画实现後的喜悦 * sexual gratification 性满足. 2 C thing that gives one pleasure or satisfaction 令人高兴或满意的事物: one of the few gratifications of an otherwise boring job 枯燥的工作中少有的一项乐趣.gratifying adj (to do sth/that.) (fml 文) pleasing; satisfying 令人高兴的; 令人满意的: It is gratifying to see ones efforts rewarded. 看到自己的努力有所收获是令人高兴的. gratifyingly adv.ignore / gn(r) / v Tn take no notice of (sb/sth) 忽视（某人某事物）: Youve been ignoring me. 你一直不把我放在眼里. deliberately refuse to greet or acknowledge (sb) 对（某人）故意不打招呼 不予承认或不予理睬: I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely! 我向她打招呼, 可她根本不理我!ignorance / gnrns; / n U (of sth) lack of knowledge or information (about sth) （对某事物）无知: We are in complete ignorance of your plans. 我们对你的计画一无所知. * If he did wrong it was only through ignorance. 要是他做错了, 那也只是出於无知.infect / nfekt; nfkt/ v esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr sb/sth (with sth) 1 cause sb/sth to have a disease; contaminate sb/sth 使某人某物传染 感染; 污染某人某事物: The laboratory animals had been infected with the bacteria. 实验室的动物都已受到这种细菌的感染. (fig derog 比喻, 贬) fill (sbs mind) with undesirable ideas 用坏思想感染（某人的思想）: a mind infected with racial prejudice 受到种族偏见影响的头脑. (fig approv 比喻, 褒) fill (sbs mind or spirit) with happy and positive ideas or feelings 用快乐的 好的思想感情感染（某人的心灵）: Her cheerful spirits and bubbling laughter infected the whole class. 她那快乐的情绪和爽朗的笑声感染了全班.infected adj. 受感染的; 受污染的The wound from the dog bite had become infected.infectious / nfeks; / adj (of a disease) caused by bacteria, etc that are passed on from one person to another （指疾病）传染的, 感染的: Flu is highly infectious. 流感的传染性很强. usu pred 通常作表语 (of a person) in danger of infecting others (with a disease) （指人）能传染他人（疾病）: While you have this rash you are still infectious. 身上还有这种疹子, 就仍然有传染性. (fig approv 比喻, 褒) quickly influencing others; likely to spread to others 有感染力的; 易传播给他人的: infectious enthusiasm 有感染力的热情 * an infectious laugh 有感染作用的笑声. infectiously adv: laugh infectiously 笑得富有感染力. infectiousness n U. Cf 参看 contagious.infection / nfekn; / n U (with sth) (a) becoming ill through contact with bacteria, etc 传染; 感染; 侵染: be exposed to infection 处於受感染范围 (b) (fig derog 比喻, 贬) filling the mind with undesirableideas 头脑中充斥着坏思想: the infection of young people with dangerous ideologies 危险的思想意识对年轻人的影响. C disease caused by a micro-organism 传染病: spread/pass on an infection 传播传染某种病 * People catch all kinds of infections in the winter. 冬天人们易患多种传染病. Cf 参看 contagion.linger / lg(r); / v I, Ipr, Ip stay for a long time; be unwilling to leave 逗留; 徘徊: She lingered after the concert, hoping to meet the star. 音乐会後她徘徊不去, 希望能一见明星. be slow; dawdle 动作迟缓; 磨蹭; 拖沓: Theres no time to linger itll soon be dark. 没时间拖延了-天快黑了. * linger (long) over ones meal 慢腾腾吃饭. remain in existence althoughbecoming weaker 苟延残喘; 奄奄一息: Though desperately ill he could linger on (ie not die) for months. 他虽病入膏肓, 却尚能苟延数月. lingerer n逗留者; 徘徊者.lingering adj esp attrib 尤作定语 (a) long; protracted 逗留的; 拖延的: a lingering illness 缠绵的疾病(b) remaining 继续存在的: a few lingering doubts 萦绕脑际的几点疑问lingeringly adv.outlet / autlet; / n (for sth) way out (for water, steam, etc) （水蒸汽等的）出口, 出路, 排放孔: an outlet for water 排水孔* attrib 作定语 an outlet valve 排气阀. (for sth) (fig 比喻) means of releasing (energy, strong feelings, etc) （精力 强烈情感等的）发泄的出路: Children need an outlet for their energy. 儿童的精力需要发泄出来. (commerce 商) shop, etc that sells goods made by a particular company 经销店: This cosmetics firm has 34 outlets in Britain. 这家化妆品公司在英国有34个经销店.overnight / uvnat / adv / uvnat; ovnat/ adj attrib 作定语during or for the night 在晚上; 在夜里: stay overnight at a friends house, ie sleep there for the night 在朋友家过夜. (infml 口) suddenly or very quickly 突然; 很快: She became a celebrity overnight. 她一下子成了名人了.1 during or for the night 晚上的; 夜里的: an overnight journey 夜间旅行2 (infml 口) suddenly; very quickly 突然的; 很快的: an overnight success 突然间的成功.pastoral / pstrl; US pstrl/ adj relatingto or portraying country life, the countryside or shepherds, esp in an idealized way 乡村生活的, 田园风光的, 牧人的, 田园式的（尤指理想化描述的）: a pastoral scene, poem, painting 田园风光 诗 画(of land) used for pasture; grassy （指土地）供放牧的, 长满草的. of or relating to a clergyman or his work (esp the spiritual guidance he gives to his congregation) 牧师的, 牧师工作的（尤指对会众心灵上的指引）: pastoral care, duties, responsibilities, etc 牧师对会众的关顾 职责 责任等.n 1 pastoral(1) poem, picture, etc 田园诗 画等. 2 (also pastoral letter) letter from a clergyman 教牧书信, （尤指）主教教书（牧师或主教给会众或神职人员的公开信）; 牧函.refresh / rfre; rfr/ v Tn give new strength or vigour to (sb/sth); restore or revive 给（某人某事物）新的力量或活力; 使恢复; 使振作: refresh oneself with a cup of tea/a hot bath 喝杯茶洗个热水澡以提神 * She felt refreshed after her sleep. 她睡了一觉就精神了. (idm 习语) refresh ones/sbs memory (about sb/sth) remind oneself/sb of facts by referring to notes, etc （藉助笔记等）使自己某人想起: Just refresh my memory: were you born in York? 请再告诉我一次: 你是在约克郡出生的吧? refreshing adj 1 giving new strength or vigour; restoring or reviving 给人以新的力量或活力的; 提神的; 使人重新振作的: a refreshing bath, sleep, cup of tea 使人恢复精力的一个澡 一觉 一杯茶 * This breeze is very refreshing. 这微风使人心旷神怡. 2 (fig 比喻) welcome and interesting because unusual or novel （因少见或新奇）令人欣喜闻, 使人耳目一新的: a refreshing sense of humour 别具一格的幽默感 refreshingly adv: refreshingly honest, original, different 极其老实的 新颖的 不同的.refresher course 进修课程（如为教师等设的业务知识更新课）.revitalize, revitalise 1 / rivatlaz; / v Tn put new life into (sth); regenerate 使（某事物）恢复生机; 使新生; 使再兴: revitalize industry, the economy, education, etc 振兴工业 经济 教育等 revitalization, -isation / rivatlazen; / n U.subtle / stl; / adj (-r, -st) (esp approv 尤作褒义) not easy to detect or describe; fine; delicate 难以察觉或描述的; 细微的; 精细的: a subtle charm, flavour, style 难以形容的魅力 滋味 式样 * subtle humour 巧妙的幽默* paint in subtle shades of pink 粉红色度略微不同的颜料. organized in a clever and complex way; ingenious; cunning 巧安排的; 巧妙的; 狡诈的: a subtle argument, design, strategy 巧妙的议论 设计 策略 * a subtle analysis of the problem 对该问题的精辟的分析. able to see and describe fine and delicate differences; sensitive 敏锐的; 感觉灵敏的: a subtle observer, critic, analyst, etc 细心的观察者 评论者 分析者等 * She has a very subtle mind. 她头脑灵敏. subtlety / stlt; stlt/ n 1 U quality of being subtle 细微; 精细; 巧妙; 灵巧; 诡诈; 敏锐. 2 C subtle distinction, etc 细微的差别等.subtly / stl; stl/ adv.superficial / supfl; / adj of or on the surface only 表面的; 在表面上的: a superficial wound 表皮的损伤apparent when looked at quickly or carelessly, but perhaps not real 表面的（乍看起来的, 未必真实）: a superficial similarity 表面上的相似. (a) not thorough or profound 肤浅的; 浅薄的: a superficial book, mind 立论肤浅的书 浅薄无知的头脑 (b) (derog 贬) having no depth of character, feeling or commitment （性格 感情或承诺方面）缺乏深度的, 停留在表面的: Youre too superficial to appreciate great literature like this. 你没有钻劲, 无法欣赏这类文学巨着. superficiality /supflt; / n U. superficially / -l/ adv: only superficially alike 仅仅表面上相似.urge / d; d/ v / nTn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.t drive forcibly or hurry (a horse, etc) in a certain direction 驱赶, 驱策（马等）: urge a pony into a canter, up a slope 驱策小马慢跑 上斜坡* She urged her mare to jump the fence. 她策马跳过障碍物. Tn, Tf, Tg, Tsg, Cn.t try earnestly or persistently to persuade (sb) 诚恳地或持续地催促（某人）. * He urged that we should go/urged (our) going/urged us to go. 他催我们走. Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t sth (on/upon sb/sth) recommend sth strongly with reasoning or entreaty 竭力推荐或力陈某事物: We urged caution. 我们特别提出要小心谨慎. * Motoring organizations are urging drivers not to travel by road if possible. 机动车协会劝告开车的人暂时不要使用公路. (phr v) urge sb on encourage or stimulate sb to do sth 鼓励或激励某人做某事* Urged on by his colleagues, he stood for election. 他受到同事的鼓励而参加竞选. * The need to find a solution urged him on. 亟须找出解决方法, 这是鞭策他的动力. urge n strong desire or impulse 强烈的慾望或冲动: sexual urges 性慾冲动 * get, have, feel, give in to a sudden urge to travel 心血来潮去旅行.contract 1 / kntrkt; kntrkt/ n (with sb) (for sth/to do sth) legally binding agreement, usu in writing 合同; 契约: You shouldnt enter into/make a contract until you have studied its provisions carefully. 你应该先仔细研究合同的条款, 然後再签订.房子的买方和卖方办妥法律手续即可交换契约. * attrib 作定语 the contract price, date, etc, 合同价格 日期等 * a contract worker 合同工. (idm 习语) be under contract (to sb) have made a contract to work (for sb) 立约（为某人）工作: a pop group that is under contract to one of the big record companies 与一家大唱片公司签有合约的流行音乐乐队. put sth out to contract invite people to make a contract to do work, supply (goods, etc) 请人承包工作 供货等事: We havent the resources to do the work ourselves, so well put it out to contract. 我们自己无法做这项工作, 所以要承包出去. contractual / kntrktul; kntrktl/ adj of or contained in a contract 合同的; 契约性的: contractual liability, obligations, etc 合同责任 义务等.# ,contract bridge定约桥牌.contract 2 / kntrkt; kntrkt/ v (a) Ipr, It with sb for sth make (a legal agreement) with sb for a purpose 与某人签订（合同或契约）: Having contracted (with t