八年级下册英语unit6-8.doc

初二下册英语学习第六课时Unit 6How long have you been collecting shells?一.【单元目标】 重点短语in fact 其实；实际上 run out of 用完；用尽by the way 顺便；附带说说 be interested in 对感兴趣more than 比多 make a list of 列清单thanks for doing sth. 感谢某人做了某事 think of / about sth. 想起某事目标句型：1. How long have you been doing? 2. Ive been doingsince3. How long did sb. do? 4. He / She did sth. for5. What do you collect? 6. When did you start?7. How many do you have? 8. What do you like to collect in the future?9. What is the most common/unusual/interesting hobby?二.【重难点分析】1. 现在完成进行时构成：肯定句：主语 + have / has been + doing 否定句：主语+have/has+not+been+doing 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+been+doing?现在完成进行时表达“某一动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，有可能还要持续下去”，现在完成进行时的句子中多用延续性动词，如：live，learn，study，work等。(1)I have been learning English for ten years. (2)She has been skating for four hours. (3)I have been collecting stamps since I was ten years old. 在这几个句子中，have和has是助动词，疑问形式需把助动词提前，否定形式在have或has后面加not，have not和has not可以分别缩写成havent和hasnt，如： (1)Have you been doing your homework since this morning? (2)Has he been writing the letters to his friend? (3)I havent been seeing films for a long time. （表明没有看电影这个动作从过去一直持续到现在，还要继续持续下去。）2.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别：(1)现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进行时侧重的是动作的持续进行。 I have read a book about birds. （已经读完） I have been reading a book about birds.（一直都在读，现在还在读，有可能会继续读下去）(2)两种时态都有延续性， 但现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果，无感情色彩；现在完成进行时表示一个动作的延续、重复，有时有一定的感情色彩。 She has been singing all the day. （抱怨、厌烦）三.【重点词汇】1. since的用法：(1)conj(引导时间状语从句，从句中常用过去时，主句用一般时态或完成时)自从以来；以后It was years since l had seen herhis just a week since we arrived here。(引起原因状语从句，通常置于句首)既然；因为Since he says so，it must be true(2)prep自以来 I have lived here since childhood He hasnt been home sincel993(3)adv(与完成时态连用)从那以后；后来以前He left the city in 1985 and has returned only once since(4)构成短语：ever since从那以后(一直)long since 很久以前；早已2. Since from和for(1)from是介词，后接名词、动名词，表示事情的开始点，以from短语作状语时，句中的谓语动词可用一般现在、过去和将来时，如： The movie is on from 8:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. They chatted at the meeting from beginning to end(2)since则为介词或从属连接词，其后接名词、动名词或从句，表示从某一特定时间起直至现在或过去某一特定时间为止，依然继续着的事情的开始点，在以此为时间状语的句子中，谓语动词常用完成时。 Many things have happened since they came here The teacher said that John had made great progress since last semester(3)for 是介词，后接名词，可以用来计算持续的时间，表示事情从开始到结束所持续的时间，谓语动词常用过去时或完成时，for与一般现在时连用，表示时间一直持续到将来。The meeting lasted for hours. I studied the piano for three years. Ive known her for five years. How long are you here for?3. Favourite 作名词，指“最爱的物品”，favourite也可作形容词，作形容词比较级和最高级形式。 My favorite food is dumpling4. stop表示“停止，结束，阻止”The light turned redI have to stop(1)stop作名词，意为“车站，站点”。I get off at the next bus stop(2)stop作动词，意为“停止”，常用于stop doing sth.结构中，表示“停止做某事”，指停止正在做的事。The students stop talking(3)stop to do sth. 则表示“停下来去做某事”，指停止原来的事去做另外一件事。The students stop to talkWe should stop to have a rest(4)stop sb.(from)doing sth. 表示“叫某人停止做某事，阻止某人做某事”。What can stop me(my)going? Nothing shall stop us from studying5. have to do sth. 表示“不得不做某事”，指客观条件的“不得不”I have to finish the work by myself6. run out of 意为“从地方跑出来；用光” Class is overThe students run out of the classroom 四.【课文解析】1. How long have you been in class today? (1)how long “多长”或“多长时间”。对长度或时间段提问。- How long have you learned English? - For two years. (2)in class 在上课；在课堂上，其反义词为out of class “在课外”。We should read more books out of class. I have been in class for one hour. (3)现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。I have seen the film many times表示过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。I have lived here since 2001(“住”这动作延续到现在)构成：“havehas+过去分词”构成。-Where is Jim and Mike? -They have gone to the Great Wall2. Alison was the first one to start(1)“be the first / second+n. + to do”表示“是第一/ 二个做某事的”。He is the last one to leave here. She was the first one to get to the school3. Id like to collect stamps because they are interesting(1)would like to do表示“想要做某事”。Would you like to come to join my birthday party? (2)collect意为“收集，搜集”，常用作及物动词，后跟名词或代词作宾语。I like collecting all kinds Of Chinese stamps very much4Thanks for sending me the snow globe of the monster(1)thanks for相当于thank you for意为“为感谢你”，后多跟名词短语或动名词。Thanks for your last letter. (2)send sb. Sth.相当于send sth. to sb. 表示“送给某人某物”He sent me a present for my birthday.He sent a present to me for my birthday。5. By the way，whats your hobby? (1)这是一个特殊疑问句的简单句，by the way在句中作插入语。介词短语by the way意思是“且说，顺便提一下，还有”，常用来介绍一般性的话题，或在脑子里突然想起的事情。We shall expect you，by the way，dinner will be at eightI was reading when the earthquake occurred，by the way，it was “The Last Day of Pompeii”By the way，have you seen her lately? (2)名词hobby表示“爱好”是可数名词。Your hobby is reading One of my hobbies is astronomy Plenty of men are excellent cooks as a hobby 6It made me think about differences in food cultures between China and western countries(1)make 使役动词“使；让”，后面接不定式作宾语补足语时，不带to，类似的还有let和have。He made the students laughThe children must be made to clean their own room Aunt Li tried to make us stay for supper. (2)think about 考虑；回想，想起；认为think about a plan 考虑一项计划I always think about her when it snowsWhat do you think about the film last night? He was thinking about the time he spent in the armyWe need to think about the plan(3)介词between表示在二者之间There is a fence between his garden and our garden Youre to sit between Moira and me 五.【词语辨析】1. every和each(1)each一定数目中的“每一个”；“个别”意义较重，表示各有不同，更强调个人或个别。Each one has his weakness (2)every数目不确定的许多人或物中间的“每一个”；“总合”意义较重，表示“大家一致”。Every one of us is here (3)each可作主语、同位语、定语和状语，而every只能作定语。2. interest，interesting与interested(1)interest作名词，意为“兴趣，趣味”，用作动词时指“使(人)产生兴趣”。He shows an interest in music What you said interests me(2)interesting作形容词，指“有趣的，引起兴趣的”，可作表语或定语，指物或人本身能引起兴趣。The film is very interestingHe is an interesting man(3)interested是由动词interest加-ed构成的形容词。意为“感兴趣的”，其主语一般是人，常用于begetbecome interested in结构中，表示“对感兴趣”。When he was only a child，he got interested in science3. have与musthave to与must都有“必须”的意思，但有其不同之处：(1)have to有时态和人称变化，带有客观因素，意思是“不得不”；must无时态和人称变化，后面接不带to的不定式，带有主观因素，意思是“必须，一定”。I have to go nowIts dark I must go(2)must not表示“不许，一定不能”；dont have to表示“不必”。You mustnt go now You dont have to go so early(3)Must I?的否定回答是No，you neednt或No，you dont have to-Must I stay here now? -NO，you needntyou dont have to4. fairly与ratherfairly与rather同义但用法不同：fairly一般指(褒义的)理想的情形，rather一般指(贬义的)不太理想的情形。例如：The weather is fairly fine todayThe weather was rather bad yesterdayIt is a fairly easy question(容易而适当)It is a rather easy question(大容易了而不适当)补充材料1. Each 的具体用法： adj.各个的；各自的；每一个的。置于单数可数名词前。Each car has a steering wheel. My uncle gave a present to each one of us. pron. 各个；各自。谓语动词用单数形式。Each has his own task. Each of the students broughta a dictionary. 2. room 做空间讲时，是不可数名词。Is there any room for me in the car? There was no room to turn around in the narrow road. 3whether和if的区别 I dont know whether / if she will be able to come。whether可以与or not连用，or not可以紧跟在whether之后，也可以置于从句末尾；if一般不能和or not连用。 Whether it rains or not, the are determined to go. He asked whether they should go or stay. 4The + 比较级， the + 比较级。 越 越The more, the better. 多多益善The more you have, the more you want. 拥有越多，欲望越大。More and more 越来越 English is more and more interesting to me .More or less 或多或少；多少有点；差不多 She is more or less beautiful. 她颇有姿色。No more = not any more 不再；也不； 也没有 once more 再一次；再次。More than 大于，不止 more than 比 更课后练习一. 用所给词的适当形式填空1.Listen!A girl_ (sing) in the hall.2.Alison_ (swim) for three hours.3.When I entered the classroom,Ifound some students _(watch) TV.4.There are some children who _(play) football on the playground.5. How long_you_(do) that?For about four years.6.The young man _(skate) since he was eight years old7.Hed like_(collect) shells because they are beautiful.8.When I was twelve,I_ (start) to play tennis.9.If you know his telephone number,please let me _ (know).10.Thank you for _(tell) me the truth.二.用for或since填空1.Hes been waiting for you_ two hours.2.Sarah has been living here_ 19963.The baby has been sleeping_ 2:00 a.m.4.Ive been staying in New York_ two weeks.5.Kate has been studying Japanese_ he was twelve.6.I slept only_ two hours last night.I am tired.三单项选择1._ of them has a study.(书房)A.Both B.All C.Each D.Every2.She saw an accident_ the way to school.A.in B.by C.on D.at3._ the way,whats your name?A.By B.On C.In D.Ror4.I dont like_ the way he talks to me.A.on B.in C.by D/5How long did your brother skate?He _ for five hours.A.did skated B.skated C.is skating Dwas skating6.They _money to build a new school for the faraway village. A.collected B.took C.spent D raised7.He said he _ doing some shopping.A.would like B.liked C.wanted D felt8.They are fast _ out of money.A.run B.to run C.running D ran9.We had to stop to have a rest,_ we were very tired.A.while B.when C.whether D because10.My elder sister is _ in the writer job.A.interested B.interesting C.interests D to interest11.The Smiths have been living here_ about 15 years.A.for B.since C.in Dto 12.He liked to eat mooncakes _ nuts in them.A.have B.has C.with Dand13._ do you have an English party?Once a month.A.How B.How far C.How often D How long14.Can I help you,madam? Im looking for _ pair of shoes for my daughter. A.the B.an C.a D some15.The policeman arrived about half an hour later when the accident happened.A.half past one B.thirty minutes C.hour half D an hour ago16.“Would you like to have another cup of tea?”“Yes,_.”A.I would like to B.I would like C.I would love D I would want17.Thank you for your help.Its my pleasure.A.With pleasure B.Never mind C.Certainly not D Youre welcome.18._you _ to New York?No,but I will go there next year.A.Have,gone B.Do,go C.Will,go D Have,been19.Jims father said to him,“I hope you _ what I _you to buy.” A.didnt forget,told B.not to forget,have told C.wont forget,have told D havent forgotten,will tell20.Do you know Jack well?Certainly.We_friends since ten years ago.A.were B.have made C.have become D have been21.We have several books about sports.(同义选择)A.quite a few B.only a few C.much D many22.They have many apples.But only several_ big and red. A.was B.is C.were D are23.We _ for the old woman on the bus.A.made a room B.gave a room C.made room D gave rooms24.I wont let_ it. A.anyone knows B.anyone know C.someone knows D.someone know25.People are _ in _ places.A.interested,interested B.interesting,interesting C.interested,interesting D.interesting,interested26.Why not _ your coat?Its warm here.A.to take off B.to take down C.taking down D.take off27.Zhang Li has been working for_ eight hours.A.the whole B.the all C.whole D.all28.The student_ No.1 Middle School won the match.A.from B.in C.at D.of29.How does your father go to work?_A.By a bus B.On bus C.By foot D.On foot30.The little English girl enjoys_ very much.A.to travel B.traveling C.traveled D.travels31.Reading in the bed is not good_ your eyes.A.for B.to C.at D.with32.Wen Li has_ kites for two years.A.been make B.making C.been making D.been made33.Li Chen _football an hour ago.A.has been playing B.has played C.plays D.played34.Hi,Carol.How was your trip to Disney world?Hi,Alice.Oh,we _a good time there.A.are having B.have had C.had D.have35.The meeting will held in half an hour,but they havent got everything ready_.A.ever B.already C.yet D.still36.They_ all their money,so they have to walk home.A.spend B.had spent C.have spent D.will spend37.May I speak to John?Sorry,he _ Japan.But he _ in two days.A.has been to,will come back B.has gone to,will be back C.has been in,would come back D.has gone to,wont come back38.What did Mr.Jones do before he moved here?He_a city bus for over 25 years.A.is driving B.drove C.has driven D.drives39._you_the film yet?Yes.I_it last SaturdayA.Will,see；saw B.Did,see；saw C.Have,seen；have seen D.Have,seen；saw40.“Harry Potter”is a very nice film.I_ it twice.A.will see B.have seen C.saw D.see41.When_Li Ming_his homework?At 10.00 last night. A.did,finish B.does,finish C.is,finishing D.was,finished42.How many times_ to Shanghai since the summer of 2002?Twice.A.did you go B.have you gone C.have you been D.will you go43.My parents _Shandong for ten years. A.have been in B.have been to C.have gone to D.have been44.Miss Wu has taught in the school_.A.for ten years B.ten years ago C.since ten years D.ten years45.I_todays homework already.What about you?A.have finished B.finish C.to finish D.finishing四根据句意填写单词，首字母已给出。1.Most of the children are afraid of m_2.This afternoon some students danced to r_ money for poor area.3.He is a c_ fan of shells.4.When you send letters,you must glue the s_ on the envelope.5.Im very i_ in collecting kites.6.In winter,the animals must s_ enough food.7.Thanks for s_ me the beautiful card.8.Victor has been skating s_ he was five.9.It is p_ cold today,I have to stay inside all day.10.In the future ,computers will be very c_,we can find them in each family.11.A g_ is a ball which made of glass.12.You can pick up many beautiful s_ on the beach every early morning.五.改写句子1. He has been working for five hours（对划线部分提问）2.My brother joined the League three years ago. （对划线部分提问）3.I slept for nine hours last night. （对划线部分提问）4.Of all the subjects,I like English best.(同义转换)5.Ive been skating since I was seven years old. （对划线部分提问）6.I finished writing my test.（变否定句）7.He likes swimming very much.（同义句）He _ _ _ swimming.8.Id like to start a club.（变一般疑问句）_八年级下册英语Unit7单元测试.Choose the correct answers.单项选择填空。1._ you mind _me the way ?A.Would;to tell B.Would;tellingC.Will;tell D.Will;to tell2.Would you mind if I smoke?_.A.Yes,please do B.Not at all C.All right D.Thats OK3.Ill do it _.A.just now B.right awayC.after a few minute D.just then4.Ill be ready _a minute.A.on B.atC.for D.in5.He is _a meeting.A.have B.hasC.at D.on6.Can you get me ticket for the match?_.A.Sorry,no problemB.Certainly,no problemC.Excuse me,I cantD.Certainly,not problem7.The watch was_well.A.work B.workingC.doing D.playing8.The passengers were _ in line to get on the train.A.waiting B.cross C.in D.going9.Your questions _ me very much.A.bother B.vex C.annoy D.irritate10.Games are _ for health.A.good B.wellC.better D.best11.The beggars story _ my pity.A.exciting B.excited C.excite D.excitement12.The master got_ with your answer.A.anger B.angrily C.angry D.the anger13.I paid a _because my library book was overdue.A.fine B.goodC.much D.well14.You should throw _ these chair sand buy new _.A.off;ones B.away;one C.away;ones D.out;one15.Im _sorry about it.A.truly B.truelyC.true D.real.Match the complaints/statements and responses.连接问题与回答。Responses1.Okay.Im sorry.2.Its too loud.3.Yes,I should.4.No.Id love to.5.No problem.Questions(a) Thanks for helping!(b) Youd better see a doctor.(c) Could you please turn off the radio?(d) Why dont you like heavy metal music?(e) Would you mind going with me?.Answer true or false.判断正确与错误。1.To turn down means to make smaller.2.To turn down means to reduce.3.Would means must.4.To annoy means to make somebody sad.5.You must have scissors to cut in line.Form sentences.组句 (注意大小写和标点符号)1.your room, mind, clean, would,you_2.get annoyed, I, when, talk to me, someone, reading, I am, while._3.to get a Snoopy doll, for two hours, in line, stood, we_4.students,so badly,wanted,the dolls,they,their studies,thinking about,were,not_5.pay a big fine,the Guangzhou government,wanted,McDonalds,to_.Fill in the blanks according