不定式to的省略.docx

不定式to的省略一、并列不定式省略to当两个或多个作用相同的不定式并列时，通常只需在第一个不定式前用to，其余不定式前的to可以省略。如：He told me to stay there and wait for him. 他叫我在那儿等他。It is easier to persuade people than (to) force them. 说服人容易，强迫人难。注意：但是，如果两个不定式表示对照或对比，或为了强调，则要重复to, 如：They come not to save us, but to conquer us. 他们不是为了拯救我们而来，而是为了征服我们而来。二、在why和why not引导的疑问句中，不定式一般省略to；“Why?”通常用来表示不满或委婉的批评，而 “Why not?”则表示建议，如：Why worry about such trifles? 为何为琐事烦心？Why not do it right now? 为什么不现在就做？三、在感观动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略to，常见的感观动词有hear, feel, see, watch, notice, observe等，如： I watched her get into the car. 我看着她上了车。Did you notice her leave the house? 她离开屋子你注意到了吗?注意：在被动语态中，要把to还原，即不能省略to,如：They were made to work the whole night by the boss. 四、在使役动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略to，常见的使役动词有have, let, make等，如：The boss made them work the whole night. 老板让他们一整夜都在干活。My mother wouldnt let me go to the film. 我妈妈不会让我去看电影的。注意： (1)在被动语态中，要把to还原，即不能省略to,如： He was seen to dance. (2)其后若用to be作宾语补足语，要带to，如： I saw it to be an act of insult. 我认为这是一种侮辱行为。五、当know是一般现在时，在主动语态中后面只能跟to be作宾语补足语，此时to不能省略。如：I know him to be a fool. 我知道他是个傻瓜。注意：(1)当know是过去时或完成时的形式时，后面除了可以跟to be作宾语补足语外，还可以跟to do作宾语补足语。They knew the man to have been a spy. 他们听说那个人曾当过间谍。Have you ever known her lose her temper? 你看见过她发脾气吗？I have never known a man (to) die of love, but I have known a disappointed lover (to) lose weight. 我从未听说一个人为恋爱而死，但我却听说过失恋的人会消瘦。(2)在被动语态中，to do中的to不能省略，如：She is known to lie. 人人都知道她爱说谎。He was known to have had a quick temper as a boy. 人们都知道他在孩提时代脾气暴躁。六、在had better, would rather, would ratherthan, rather than, would sooner, would soonerthan, cannot but, cannot help but等结构中不用to，如：Youd better have another think. 你最好再想想。They would rather/ would sooner die than surrender. 他们宁愿死也不投降。I cannot but hope that we may have good luck. 我只能希望我们有好运气。七、在but/except/besides后省略to的情况：若在介词but/except/besides前出现了动词do，它们后面的动词不定式可以省略to；若其前面没有出现动词do，则其后的不定式to通常不省略。如：She did nothing but complain. 她除了抱怨什么都没做。What do you like to do besides swim? 除了游泳，你还喜欢做什么？She had no choice but to fight to the end. 她别无选择，唯有斗争到底。八、当句子主语是all, what等引导的从句，且从句中含有do时，作表语的不定式一般不用to，如：All he does is gossip about others. 他所做的一切都是在说别人的闲话。What she did to the matter was keep silent. 对于这件事她能做的就是保持沉默。九、在美国英语里，go, come和run后可省略to，直接接另外一个动词，多用于表示命令、建议、请求或意愿等句子，如：Come have a drink with us.Ill go see my sister.Run buy some sugar, Tom. 随堂练习1. The study of the wild world may help to make the world easier _. A. understood B. to be understood C. to understand D. understand2. She feels so strongly that each of us should have a role _in making the earth a better place to live in. A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing3. With the plane _ in ten minutes, all the passengers on board were asked to turn off their mobile phones. A. taken off B. taking off C. to take off D. would take off4. He is believed _the college exam, for he is now studying very hard now. A. to pass B. to have passed C. pass D. that he can pass5. They are looking forward with hope_ from you soon. A. to hearing B. of hearing C. hearing D. to hear6. Busy translating a book, he couldnt help _ the article. A. write B. writing C. wrote D. written7. Zhou Lan doesnt have to be made_. She always studies very hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned8. I feel it an honour _ to speak here. A. to be asked B. to ask C. having asked D. asked9. Who did you _ the wall yesterday? A. have painted B. have paint C. have to paint D. have painting10. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. expects D. to be expecting11. -Where should I _ my application? -The personnel office is the place _. A. send; to send it B. send for; to send it to C. send for; for sending it D. send; to send it to12. Do let your mother know all the truth, she appears _ everything. A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told13. The study of the wild world may help to make the world easier _. A. understood B. to be understood C. to understand D. understand14. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to15. I saw him _ out of the room. A. go B. had gone C. has gone D. goes16. Though he had often made his little sister _, today he was made _by his little sister. A. cry；to cry B. crying；crying C. cry；cry D. to cry；cry17. He said he would rather not _ it right now. A. doing B. to do C. do D. to be doing18. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _. A. sit B. sit on C. be sit D. be sat on19. Its freezing outside. You _ put on your overcoat. A. had better to B. had better C. would better D. would better to20. Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. A. ride； ride B. riding；