初一英语学习总结.doc

初一英语学习总结篇一：初一英语学习知识点总结(详解版)初一英语学习知识点总结一、初一英语语法词法1、名词A）名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, 三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies,2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四）以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡十一） 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或s。如：Is (Is), Ks (Ks)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs十二） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-EnglishmenB）名词的格当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：一）单数在后面加s。如：brothers, Mikes, teachers二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers Day教师节, classmates; Childrens Day六一节, Womens Day三八节三）由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Bens room迈克和本的房间（共住一间），Mikes and Bens rooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）2、代词项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词人称主格 宾格形容词 名词性第一人称 单数 I me my minemyself复数 weusour ours ourselves第二人称 单数 you you your yoursyourself复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 she her her hers herselfhe him his hishimselfit it its its this that itself复数 they them their theirs these those themselves3、动词A） 第三人称单数当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下：一）一般在词后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys四）以o结尾加es。如：does, goes五）特殊的有：are-is, have-hasB） 现在分词当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing,train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show showing, draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于4、形容词的级我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：一） 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter shortest, taller tallest, longer longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest二）以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest三） 以辅音字母y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest四）特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)good/well - better bestmany/much - more mostbad/ill worse worstlittle- less leastold- older/elder oldest/eldestfar- farther/further farthest/furthest5、数词 (基变序，有规则；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y结尾，变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth二、初一英语语法句式1.陈述句肯定陈述句 a) This is a book. (be动词)b) He looks very young. (连系动词)c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词)d) I can bring some things to school. (情态动词)e) Theres a computer on my desk. (There be结构)否定陈述句 a) These arent their books. b) They dont look nice. c) Kate doesnt go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate cant find her doll. e) There isnt a cat here. (=Theres no cat here.)2. 祈使句肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Lets learn English! c) Come in, please.否定祈使句a) Dont be late. b) Dont hurry.3. 疑问句1) 一般疑问句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.否定回答: a) No, he isnt. b) No, you cant. c) No, she doesnt. d) No, they dont. e) No, she isnt.2) 选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 Its big./ Its small.3) 特殊疑问句 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve. 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies. 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine. 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is .篇二：初中英语小结一 class n。班级；班里的学生；课程eg：1 Our class is very great.We love it very much.1 Class are very hand-working .So they may get a good grade.2 I like Engish classes.二 One of +the（限定词）+最高级+名词的复数+限定范围 之一Eg： Yellow Revier is one of the longest river in the world.三 Hear v. 听说，据闻(hear-heard-heard)Eg: I heard that there was a big earthquake in WunChuan in 2008.补充：hear about sth 听说某事=hear of sth四 fall v 跌落，落下（fall-fell-fallen）eg：I fell off from the bike .(摔下)I fall in love with Mary at the first sight.(我对玛丽一见钟情)补充：fall in love with sb (at the first sight)爱上某人或者某物（在第一眼五 hurt v 受伤的 （hurt-hurt-hurt）Eg：Dont hurt yourself.六 luck n 幸运；运气（lucky adj 幸运的）（luckily adv 幸运地）eg: Luckily ,he was not hurt.这里的副词来修饰整个句子。Be+动词的过去分词被动语态七wait v 等待；等候Wait to do sth 等着做某事 eg:I wait to go to the W.C.我等着上厕所Wait for sb 等某人 eg:I wait for him for long .我等他很久了。八。 Alone adv 孤独地；寂寞地 不含感情色彩=by oneselfEg: I can do it alone =I can do it by myself .Lonely adj 孤独的；寂寞的Eg九。If 引导的条件状语从句，主句是将来时，从句用一般现在时！主将从现Eg：Ill go to to the zoo if it doesnt rain next weekend.补充：if 还有“是否”的意思，一般是用于直接宾语与间接宾语的互换。Eg：Mother asked me :Did you call me yesterday”=Mother asked me if I called her yesterday.十。In + 时间段 表示将来的时间Eg： Ill go to the college in five years.十一。What +a/an + adj +名词的单数形式+主谓 eg：What an honest man he is .他是多么诚实的人（诚实的 adj）What +adj+ 名词的复数形式/不可数名词+主谓 eg：What fine weather it is.多好的天气啊。（天气不可数）it 指天气补充：how + adj+名词+主谓 eg：How beautiful theflowers are .十二。 Give sb sth =give sth to sb 给某人某物（代词在中间eg： give it to him） Eg： I give him a ticket to a ball game .=I give him a ticket to a ball game . 我给我他一张球赛的门票。(to 这里表示专属 eg：the key to the door 门上的钥匙) 十三。Both 两者，两者都 either 其中一者，两者中的其中一者 neither 两者都不 都可以和of 连用，但是both of 用复数的谓语，其余的两个用单三形式。Eg：Both of them are right.他们中的两个是对的Either of them is right .他们中的其中一个是对的。Neither of them is right . 他们中没一个对的。注意：every 不能和 of 连用十四。let sb do sth =make sb do sth 前者是让某人做某事，后者是使某人做某事！ 注意：必须是动词原型做代词的宾语不足语！Eg：Lets go to the park ,shall we?让我们去公园吧,好吗?The boss makes the workers work for 12 hours a day.这个老板使这些工人一天工作12个小时。十五。Have to 不得不、be supposed to do sth(被认定，被期望做某事)Eg:I have to get up early .、 I am supposed to get up early我不得不早起！我应该早起十六。Stop v 停止，停下Stop doing sth 停下做某事 eg:I stop working.我停下工作。Stop to do sth 停下去做某事 eg：I stop to have a rest .我停下去休息！（to do sth做目的状语）十七。A wallet on the ground 一个钱包在地上Wallet：钱包purseon the ground 在地面上用on十八。Hand v上交 n 手掌，手Eg：I hand the homework to the teacher.我把作业交给了老师！Could you give me a hand ?你能帮我一下忙？=Could you help me ? 你能帮我吗？十九。Pick up sth捡起；挑选；接送（代词中间置eg：pick it up）Eg;Could you please pick it up?你能帮我捡起来它吗？补充：could you please do sth/would you please do sth 两个一样，都是请做。 Eg:Could you please not make so much nosie ?= Would you please not make so much nosie?请不要制造噪音！凡是do sth 的结构或to do sth 的否定式都直接在do和to 前面加not！二十。Find（found）it+adj+to do sth 发现做什么很。Eg：I find it very interesting to learn English.我发现学英语很有趣注意：在这个句子中 it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是to do sth二十一。There be 的一般将来时表示某地将要发生什么活动时，用There is/are+going to be sth=there will be sthEg:There is going to be a parents meeting tomorrow.= There will be a parents meeting tomorrow.注意：不能与have连用 There will have a parents meeting tomorrow.() 二十二。Famous adj 著名的Be famous as sth 作为什么而出名 eg：Lu Xun is famous as a writer.Be famous for sth 因为什么而出名 eg：Jiao Zuo City is famous for YunTai Moutain. 注意：for 后加动词时要变成v-ing的形式，所有的介词都是如此Eg：Xie Yanxin is famous for looking after his sick mother for so many years. 二十三。Find out 找出Eg：Please find out the more keys about this question.请找出关于这道题的多种解法。 Please find the murder out.请找出这个杀人犯！murder m?:d?谋杀 二十四.decide v 决定 decision n 决定Decide to do sth 决定做某事 eg:I decided to do my homework by myself. Decide sth 决定某事 eg：I decide the thing.Decide + that 从句 决定 eg: I cant decide what can I do for you!二十五、all the students in Beijing in Beijing在此是介词短语做后置定语来修饰 All the students.eg:all the students at school.补充：all the +名词的复数=the whole +名词的复数Eg：all the students =the whole students .二十六。The best way to travel.to travel 不定式做后置定语来修饰the best way Eg：the best place二十七。Tell sb to do sth 告诉某人某事eg：I tell her to do homework.Tell sb about sth 告诉某人关于某事 eg： I tell her about the the result. Tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要做某事 eg: I tell me not to play fire. 二十八。Come back = return 返回（return to sp返回某地）Eg：二十九。Play in the streetin the street 在大街上三十。Must modal v 必须，指主观的必须！have to 是客观要求Eg： 我必须自己来做这件事我不得不自己来做这件事补充：mustnt 禁止 eg:You mustnt play with fire.三十一。Hit 撞击，打 /hit/Eg: Dont play the football in the street .A car will hit you.三十二、whose pron 谁的Eg：Whose name was Mary.谁的名字叫玛丽。三十三。Work as .以什么的身份工作 （砍柴人）他是一个砍柴人。三十四。Deep adj 深的Eg:The water is very deep.Dont swim in it !三十五、shoulder n 肩膀 eg：You can cry on my shoulder.你可以在我的肩膀上哭泣。 三十六、carry v 提，背 eg：Its hard to carry it .很难去提起它。三十七、wood n 木头；木材 不可数名词 eg：a sack(一袋，捆)of wood 一捆木柴 三十八、It was getting late .这里get 做的是系动词！后加adj。Eg:The tree was getting dying。这棵树正走向死亡。三十九、something black 形容词修饰不定代词和不定副词要后置Eg:Somewhere interesting 有趣的地方四十、v+由特殊疑问词引导的从句，用主语+谓语的结构Eg:I want to know where you can go.我想知道你能去哪？四十一、see v 看见；看到See sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 eg：I see him doing his homework.See sb do sth 看见某人做过某事eg： I saw him take a shower yesterday. 四十二、with prep 介词 带有具有！eg：I saw a beautiful girl with curly hair. 注意：这里的with短语做伴随状语。四十三、struggle v 挣扎：努力str?glStruggle to do stheg:I struggled to keep back tears .我努力忍住泪水 四十四、feel sorry for sth 对某事感到抱歉Eg：I felt sorry for this .我对此很抱歉四十五、set out 开始；着手；出发Eg：I set out to paint my house.我开始粉刷我的房子了.四十六、start to do sth=begin to do sthStart doing sth =begin doing sth 开始做某事Eg：I start to study hard .=I start studying hard.四十七、sb be interesting in sth 某人对某事感兴趣！（主语必须是人）Eg：Im interesting in math.四十八、as if 犹如；好似 后跟从句Eg：He is as if my math teacher.四十九、by the time 到什么。的时候Eg：By the time he left home ，his father was dead.到他到家时，他爸爸死了！ 五十、祈使句 动词原形+sth eg：Do your homework!Be+ adj eg:Be careful注意：它们的否定形式都在前面加dont！五十一、Its hard to know whose answer is right .在此，it只是形式主语，真正的主语是to know whose answer is right .补充：its + adj +to do sth五十二、even 甚至修饰比较级（eg:even worse 甚至更糟）五十三、反意疑问句前肯定+后否定eg： My answer is right ,isnt it?前否定+后肯定 eg: I didnt do it ,did I?五十四、it is +adj+for sb to do sth 对某人来说做什么很。Eg：It is very important for people who works so much to keep healthy.对工作很多的人来说保持健康很重要！who works so much做定语从句来修饰people。 五十五、What you want is the most important.这里的What you want是主语从句，整个句子来做主语！Eg：What do you like is a important thing .五十六、at least 至少至多 at mostEg:At least ,well spend ten billon yuan on this building.五十七、be popular with sb 受欢迎Eg：Zhou Jielun is popular with the teenagers.五十八、make sb + adj 使某人。Eg：I make him sad.五十九、need to do sth 需要做某事Eg：I need to pay for the mobile phone.六十、be polite to sb 对某人礼貌Eg：Im polite to the old. 我对老人很礼貌注意：the+adj 表示一类人 eg：the blind 盲人六十一、be different from sth 与什么不同Eg：Im different from you .六十二、plan to do sth 计划做某事Eg：I plan to make a birthday cake.六十三、 a lot 很多，修饰动词（反义词：a little）Eg:I like it a lot =I like it very much.六十四、such as 例如Eg：I like sports ,such as football六十五、argue 争吵（动词） argument 争吵（名词）argue with sb 与某人争吵 eg：I argued with my myparents.篇三：初一英语语法总结一、初一英语语法总结初一英语语法虽然是从简单的一些日常用语出发的，但语法中常会有一些知识点看起来很细小，容易被忽视，但这些知识点掌握不熟练，往往会造成一些语法应用上的错误。因此在学习初一英语语法时，要认真、细心，不要觉得一些地方不重要而得过且过。下面从几个方面，总结出了初一英语语法，如果要复习英语句法的同学，可以参考一下，一、初一英语语法词法1、名词A）、名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四）以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡十一） 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或s。如：Is (Is), Ks (Ks)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs十二） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-EnglishmenB）名词的格当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：一）单数在后面加s。如：brothers, Mikes, teachers二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers Day教师节, classmates; Childrens Day六一节, Womens Day三八节三）由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Bens room迈克和本的房间（共住一间），Mikes and Bens rooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）2、代词项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself复数 we us our ours ourselves第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself复数 you you your yours yourselves第三人称 单数 she her her hers herselfhe him his his himselft it its its this that itself复数 they them their theirs these those themselves3、动词A） 第三人称单数当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下：一）一般在词后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys四）以o结尾加es。如：does, goes五）特殊的有：are-is, have-hasB） 现在分词当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show showing, draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于4、形容词的级我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：一） 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter shortest, taller tallest, longer longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest二）以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest三） 以辅音字母y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest四）特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill worse worstlittle- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest5、数词 (基变序，有规则；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y结尾，变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth二、初一英语语法句式1.陈述句肯定陈述句 a) This is a book. (be动词)b) He looks very young. (连系动词)c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词)d) I can bring some things to school. (情态动词)e) Theres a computer on my desk. (There be结构)否定陈述句 a) These arent their books. b) They dont look nice.c) Kate doesnt go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate cant find her doll.e) There isnt a cat here. (=Theres no cat here.)2. 祈使句肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Lets learn English!c) Come in, please.否定祈使句a) Dont be late. b) Dont hurry.3. 疑问句1) 一般疑问句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.否定回答: a) No, he isnt. b) No, you cant. c) No, she doesnt. d) No, they dont. e) No, she isnt.2) 选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 Its big./ Its small.3) 特殊疑问句 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve. 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies. 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine. 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is . 问原因 Why do you want to join the club? 问时间 Whats the time? (=What time is it?) Its a quarter to ten a.m.What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five oclock.When do you want to go? Lets go at 7:00. 问地方 Wheres my backpack? Its under the table. 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue.Whats your favourite color? Its black. 问人物 Whos that? Its my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isnt at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? 问东西 Whats this/that (in English)? Its a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11问姓名 Whats your aunts name? Her name is Helen./Shes Helen.Whats your first name? M