八年级英语上第12单元知识讲解及练习含答案人教版新目标.doc

新目标英语八年级上第12单元知识讲解及练习含答案Unit 12 Whats the best radio station?反意疑问句浅析 反意疑问句原则上遵循前否定后肯定，前肯定后否定的十二字口诀；但随着现代语言的发展，有时也不遵循这样的规则，发生了变化，变得更加口语化，这就需要我们对具体问题作具体分析。 1. Mr Green went to Shenzhen on business last week, _? (福州市2004中考题)A. isnt heB. doesnt heC. didnt heD. hasnt he解析： 解析：反意疑问句的后半部分（附加疑问句）必须在人称、数和时态上与前面的陈述部分保持一致；当前一部分的主语部分为名词时，后一部分的主语用相应的人称代词形式。本题中前一部分的谓语动词为一般过去时的行为动词的肯定形式，后一部分的助动词只能是didnt。答案：C2. You often have bread for breakfast, _ you? (海南省1997中考题)A. dontB. haventC. arentD. will 解析：have不当有讲时，用作行为动词。have当有讲进行句型转换时，可以添加助动词，也可以不加助动词，如：He has few friends in the new school, does / has he? (长沙市2003中考题) 答案：A3. Alice has to finish her work now, _? (河南省1999中考题)A. has sheB. hasnt sheC. does sheD. doesnt she解析：have to虽与must同义，但它变反意疑问句时要像行为动词一样去变。答案：D4. The poor man needs our help, _ he? (河北省1999中考题)A. needB. needntC. doesD. doesnt解析：need既可作行为动词，又可作情态动词。本题中need用了第三人称单数形式，显然是行为动词，变反意疑问句时，附加疑问句中只能选用适当的助动词。答案：D5. - Lets go and fly kites, _? - Wonderful! (甘肃省2001中考题) A. will youB. shall weC. dont youD. do you解析：祈使句变反意疑问句，前一部分为肯定形式时，后一部分用will you，would you, can you, cant you及could you；而前一部分为否定形式时，后一部分只能用will you。以lets开头的祈使句，附加疑问句常用shall we。答案：B注意：lets与let us是有区别的，let us像一般的祈使句一样，附加疑问句应为will you。6. There is little milk in the bottle, _? (广东省2003中考题)A. isnt thereB. is thereC. isnt itD. is it解析: 陈述部分是there be结构，附加疑问句用be (not) + there的形式。含有little, few, hardly, never, seldom, nothing等否定意义词的陈述句，是否定句。本题中出现了little，故附加疑问句中的谓语动词应为肯定形式。答案：B注意：某些带有否定前缀或后缀的形容词如unhappy, careless（粗心）等，只是词语意义的否定，而不能构成整个句子的否定。7. I dont think hell come here on time, _? (重庆市2000中考题)A. wont heB. will heC. does heD. is he解析：陈述部分中如果含有宾语从句，附加疑问句的谓语动词应与陈述部分的主句的谓语动词在人称、数和时态上保持一致。但如果主句含有I suggest（猜测），I believe(相信), I think, I guess, I hear等时，附加疑问句的谓语动词应与其宾语从句的谓语动词在人称、时态和数上保持一致。本题中的谓语动词应和will come保持一致。答案：B8. - He didnt go to school this morning, did he? - _, though he was not feeling very well. (甘肃省2004中考题)A. No, he didntB. Yes, he did C. No, he didD. Yes, he didnt 解析：对反意疑问句的回答，不管问题的提法如何，若事实是肯定的，就用yes，事实是否定的，就用no。当反意疑问句的结构为前否定后肯定时，回答中的yes译为不，no译为是的，这一点与汉语不同。本题中答案表达的意义应为他去上学了。答案：B（不，他去了）。当然，在实际学习中，反意疑问句还有其他要点，这就需要我们勤于观察、归纳，不断丰富、充实我们的知识。I. 词汇知识根据句意和 所给的首字母或汉语提示，在空白处填写一个适当的词，使句子意思完整。1. The hat is big for me. Please show me a_one.2. Mr Smith kept Jack in the classroom after school because he b_the window.3. He lives outside the city. It t_him half an hour to go to work by bus.4. In China, J_is the coldest month of the year.5. P_live in China, but people can see them in some foreign zoos.6. The old man feels _(更糟). He should go to the doctor.7. _(圣诞节) is the most important festival in many countries.8. You can see all kinds of flowers _(到处) in spring.9. We live on the _(十二) floor. So we have to use a lift.10. What about a pie? It _(有味道) delicious. II. 单项选择11. Hong Kong is _ the south of China, and Macao is _ the west of Hong Kong.A. in；toB. to；toC. to；inD. in；in12. - Whats your _ name, please?- Jack Jim Black.A. firstB. middleC. familyD. full13. - Help _ to some chicken.- Thanks a lot. But Im full now.A. youB. yourC. yourselfD. yourselves14. - _ will you invent to your birthday party?- Katy, Emma, Robert and Emily.A. WhoB. WhoseC. WhatD. When15. Which country is the _ in the world?A. smallB. smallerC. smallestD. the smallest16. The old man is so strange _ nobody likes him.A. whatB. whenC. ifD. that17. - What did you do _ your summer holiday?- I helped my father with some farming and did some reading.A. withB. duringC. ofD. about18. I think youll come here _ this time tomorrow.A. atB. forC. inD. on19. - Have you finished Unit 12?- Not yet. Well go on _ it next Monday.A. learnB. to learnC. learningD. learned20. - What shall we do tomorrow evening?- Wed better _ a party in the open air.A. haveB. to haveC. havingD. had21. Thank you for _ the message to me.A. givingB. giveC. to givingD. to give22. There _ a basketball match and a movie this Sunday evening.A. are going to beB. is going to beC. are going to haveD. will have23. - I hope to learn to drive a car.- _.A. My brother hopes so.B. So hopes my brother. C. My brother does so.D. So does my brother.24. - Happy birthday to you.- _.A. The same to you.B. Youre welcome. C. Thanks a lot.D. I would love to.25. - My mother isnt feeling well today. _.A. Go and see a doctor.B. Dont worry. C. It doesnt matter.D. Im sorry to hear that.26. - Could I please _?- Sorry, you cant. Your father has to use it.A. do the dishesB. go to the moviesC. use the carD. watch TV27. Who do you _ was the best actor?A. thinkB. think of C. think aboutD. to think 28. Nancy, thanks for _ care of my dog.A. takeB. takingC. takesD. took29. Lin Li is _ in her class.A. the youngerB. youngerC. youngestD. the youngest30. This shirt is _ cheaper than that one.A. littleB. a littleC. fewD. a few III. 补全对话根据所给语境从方框中选择适当的句子填空，使对话完整、通顺。A. Oh dear!B. Make sure to tell me about it.C. Its Wendy here.D. No, I was all right.E. Im afraid you wont see him tomorrow.Wendy：Hello. 3637982.David：Hello. Could I speak to Wendy, please?Wendy：Is that David? (31)_. David：I didnt see you at Bruces birthday party yesterday. Didnt he ask you to go to it?Wendy：(32)_ I forgot it. He told me about it last Wednesday. I bought a present for him. But I thought it was his birthday today. Who went to the party yesterday?David：Seven children. I thought you were ill.Wendy：(33)_ I have to say sorry to him tomorrow.David：(34)_ His family went to China this morning.Wendy：Really? When will they come back?David：In a year. His father found work there.Wendy：Do you know his new address?David：No. Hell write to me when he gets there. Wendy：(35)_. David：OK.IV. 翻译填空根据所给的汉语，在每个空白处填写一个适当的词，完成句子。36. 你最喜欢哪一个季节？_ season do you like _?37. 我的朋友一年到头都很忙。My friend is busy _ the year _.38. 除了一个旧袋子，他一无所有。He has _ _ an old bag.39. 到元月份，天气变得更冷了。January comes and it _ _.40. 那个老头总是随身带着一把雨伞。The old man always takes an umbrella _ _.V. 完形填空Florence Nightingale was a famous English nurse. She was born in a rich family. When she was41, she took lessons in music and drawing, and read many great books. She also 42 in many countries with her parents.As a child she felt that visiting 43 people was both a duty and a pleasure. She enjoyed helping them.At last she decided that she was going to be a nurse. But her father said, Nursing isnt the 44 job for a lady.Then I will make it so, she smiled. And she went to 45 nursing in Germany and France. When she returned to 46 , Florence started a nursing home for women.In the Crimean War in 1854, she went with a group of thirty-eight nurses to the front(前线) 47 . She found everything there was terrible.Florence used her own 48 and some from her friends to buy clothes, beds, medicines and food for the men. Her only pay was the smiles of the wounded(受伤的） 49 . But they were more than enough for this kind woman.Florence died at ninety. She tried to serve others through her work as a nurse all her life. Thanks to her contributions(贡献) to medicine we realize nurses do an 50 and necessary job.41. A. old B. dead C. young D. weak42. A. worked B. traveled C. restedD. sang43. A. healthyB. strangeC. poor D. sick 44. A. right B. wrongC. badD. terrible45. A. show B. learn C. teach D. remember46. A. Germany B. FranceC. AmericaD. England47. A. hospitals B. cinemasC. museums D. parks48. A. food B. clothesC. money D. time49. A. policemenB. soldiers C. children D. drivers50. A. interestingB. elementary C. easy D. important VI. 阅读理解A. 阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。（A）June came and the hottest month of the year began. A lot of travellers came to the city by the sea. All of the hotels were full except Mr Johnsons. The prices of all the rooms were the lowest in the city but few people stayed there. The fire(火灾）broke out three times in a year and four travellers died in the accidents. Most workers left there and found jobs in the other hotels. Mr Johnson had to do most work himself.It was eleven oclock. Most rooms were still empty. Mr Johnson worked for the whole day and was very tired. He went to close the gate when a young man came in, with a big bag in his hand.What can I do for you, sir? asked Mr Johnson.The cheapest room in your hotel.OK, said Mr Johnson, but its on the top floor.It doesnt matter. I think you have a lift in your hotel.Of course, sir, said the manager. Itll take you right there. By the way, may I keep your bag for you?No, thanks. Theres nothing expensive in it but a long rope.Oh? What do you bring it with you for?Im afraid another fire will happen in your hotel. If it does, Ill throw the rope out of the window so that Ill be able to escape from(逃脱）it.Yes? Mr Johnson said in surprise. So you have to pay for the bill before you go to your room.51. Most workers left the hotel because _.A. Mr Johnson paid them lessB. it was dangerous to work for Mr JohnsonC. some travelers stayed thereD. it was too hot there in summer52. _, so most rooms were empty.A. The travelers preferred to stay outsideB. The travelers went out for supperC. A few travelers died in Mr Johnsons hotelD. Mr Johnson was bad to the travelers53. The young man went in the hotel to _.A. put his bag thereB. look for somethingC. talk to Mr JohnsonD. stay for night54. The young man took a bag with him so that _.A. he could easily leave the hotel if it was on fireB. he could pay nothing for the roomC. he could go to work early the next morningD. he could hold something 55. Mr Johnson asked the young man to pay because he was afraid _.A. the young man could hurt him B. the young man could take something awayC. the young man could leave without paying any moneyD. his hotel would be on fire again（B）James got up at five to seven. His parents and his little twin sisters went traveling in France and he had to look after himself at home. He opened the fridge, but he found only two hamburgers in it. He decided to have breakfast in the restaurant at the other side of the street. He sat at a table and the waiter came up and said, Can I take your order(点 菜), James?But you dont show your menu to me, Mr Hunt, said the boy.Oh, sorry! I forget it. Here it is.James looked at the menu carefully. It was:Bread 1.30 Sandwich 1.80 Hamburger 2.40Pizza 2.40 Egg 0.30Milk 0.50Coffee 0.70Coke 0.30James brought out his wallet and found there was only 6.50 dollars in it.Well, said Mr Hunt. What about a hamburger, a pizza, two eggs and a glass of coke?Oh, no, said the boy. Ill buy a picture-book this afternoon. Its 1.50 dollars.I see, said the waiter. And then he brought the boy a nice breakfast.56. There were _ people in James family.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six57. Which of the following is NOT right?A. The waiter knew James.B. The restaurant was near Jameshome.C. James went to the restaurant alone.D. The waiter took a menu to James when he saw him.58. _ are the most expensive in the menu?A. SandwichesB. HamburgersC. PizzasD. Hamburgers and pizzas59. James hoped to pay _ dollars for his breakfast.A. 5.00B. 1.50C. 6.50D. 3.5060. At last James had _ for his breakfast.A. two eggs, a hamburger, a piece of bread and a glass of coffeeB. two eggs, a pizza, a piece of bread and a glass of coffee C. two eggs, a hamburger, a piece of bread and a glass of coke D. one egg, a pizza, a sandwich and a glass of coffeeB. 阅读下面的短文，根据其内容，在每个空白处填写一个适当的词（首字母已给出），完成句子。Three years ago, Mr Johnson retired(退休). He returned to his hometown with his wife. Bad luck! The old woman died five months ago and now he had to live in the small town alone. His son asked him to live with them in the city, but he refused. He hated the noisy life there. He had some new friends and thought he enjoyed himself. So the young man bought a nice vat(缸) with about fifty goldfishes (金鱼) in it. They could never make any noise in the night and his father could have a good sleep.Mr Johnson liked the goldfishes and took good care of them. He bought some books and did all whats said in them. He often told his friends about his goldfishes and they went to visit them. He was very happy.A few days later, the old man looked worried. A cat of his neighbours stole(偷) his goldfishes at night. He tried to catch it, but he couldnt. He had to sleep near the vat. It made him very tired. So the angry old man went to a shop and said, Excuse me, sir. Where can I buy a shark(鲨鱼), please?Oh? the man in the shop said in surprise. What do you have it for?I want to teach the cat a lesson(教训)!61. Mr Johnson returned to his hometown because he liked the q_ place.62. The young man thought goldfishes could k_ quiet, so he bought some for his father.63. Mr Johnson thought his goldfishes pretty, so he often s_ them to his friends. 64. Mr Johnson had to look after the goldfishes at night, so he was very tired in the d_.65. Mr Johnson wanted a shark to e_ the cat.VII.改错下列各句均有A、B、C、D四个划线部分，其中只有一处错误，将其对应的字母填入句后的括号内，并在横线上加以改正。66. At last Alice agreed to marry to Mr Beckman.A BCD ( )_67. Would you like anything sweet for breakfast?A B CD ( )_68. What do you usually feed your dog to?A B C D ( )_69. Wait a minute. Ill soon finish to tidy the room.A B C D ( )_70. Hell ring up you after he reaches London next Monday.A BC D ( )_ VIII.书面表达根据所给的电话留言，写出一段对话，每个人讲话不少于5次（电话记录中所提供的信息不必全部包含进去）。MESSAGEFROM：JillTO：MaxDATE：January 16MESSAGE：She got two tickets for seven thirtys concert. She asked you to go to it with her. Her telephone number is 3921768.KateKate：_Jill：_Kate：_Jill：_Kate：_Jill：_Kate：_Jill：_Kate：_Jill：_Kate：_ Unit 12参考答案I. 1. another 2. broke 3. takes 4. January 5. Pandas6. worse 7. Christmas 8. everywhere 9. twelfth 10. tastes II. 11. A点拨：in表示某地在某一大地方的范围之内。on 和to都可表示在范围之外，on表示两地接壤、相邻，一般指陆路相邻；to表示某地在另一地方的范围之外，一般指隔海相望。 12. D点拨：Jack Jim Black是一个人的全名，而不是名、中间名、姓氏。13. C点拨：help oneself to意为请随意吃，是固定短语，A、B不能选；从所给的答句来看，根据题中的代词I, 我们知道所指的对象是一个人，因此D也不能选。14. A点拨：从所给的答句可以看出，此处是在问谁。15. C点拨：世界上有很多国家，此处要用形容词最高级，A、B不能选；在空格前已经有定冠词，不能重复，D不能选。16. D点拨：从句意来看，此处要用sothat来引导一个表示结果的从句。17. B点拨：该句是在表示在期间 而with, of, about都不能用 来表示在某一段期间内。18. A点拨：at this time表示在这时；在此刻。19. C点拨：go on后接V+ing形式表示继续做某事。20. A点拨：had better后接动词原形。21. A点拨：介词要和名词、代词或v.的-ing 形式连用。22. B点拨：该题考查there be结构。故应选be going to + be或will be的形式，又在这种结构当中应该遵循主语邻近一致原则，应该用单数。23. D点拨：表示要做同样的事情或后者和前者一样时，要用倒装句，A、C 不能选；由于前一句的谓语是一个实义动词，倒装句的谓语要用助动词does。24. C点拨：生日不是共同的节日，A不能选；别人祝贺生日，应当对他表示感谢。25. D点拨：听到别人的不幸后，应表示同情和遗憾。26. C27. A28. B29. D30. BIII.31-35 CADEBIV.36. Which；best37. all；round38. nothing but39. gets colder40. with himV.41. C点拨：这里指的是在Florence小时候的事情。42. B点拨：那时候Florence还很小，她当然是和父母亲在国外旅行。43. D点拨：Florence的职业是护士，她从小就认为拜访病人是职责。44. A点拨：Florence家庭很富裕，当时也没有女孩从事护士这种职业，因此她的父亲认为她的选择不对。45. B点拨：后来Florence当上了护士，说明她去那里是学习护理。46. D点拨：从前面的Florence Nightingale was a famous English nurse.来看，她是英国人，这说明她回到了英国。47. A点拨：作为护士，Florence工作的场所就是医院。48. C点拨：Florence要为伤