郑航2012.12英语四级Model_Test-02(答案).doc

C C E T2012年12月英语四级（十套模拟题答案）Model Test-02应该推迟退休年龄吗？Should Retirement Age Be Postpone?第一段指出是否推迟退休年龄（postpone retirement age)这一问题引起了人们激烈的讨论（heated debate)。第二段分析了人们对这一问题的不同观点：有人认为推迟退休年龄有助于缓解老龄化社会带来的劳动力短缺问题(a drop in the labor force supply)，而也有人认为推迟退休年龄会增加就业压力(pressure of social employment)，减少老年人享受养老金(retirement pension)的几率。第三段阐述自己的观点，在制定制度的时候要多方面考虑（take. into consideration)，既要考虑到改革的水平（the level of the reform)，也要照顾到老年人的权益（the elders interest)。Part WritingShould Retirement Age Be Postponed?Along with the trend of longevity, nobody could have failed to notice a heated debate on whether it is wise to postpone retirement age.Some people argue that its necessary to postpone the retirement age in that it is a good way to deal with the aging population. One of the direct results of the aging society is a drop in the labor force supply, which can be relieved by postponing the retirement age. However, other people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. For one thing, this reform could raise the pressure of social employment, especially for the present severe situation. For another, it may diminish the seniors leisure time and the probabilities to enjoy their retirement pension.For my part, we should take the level of the reform and the elders interest into consideration so that a clearer perspective of the debate can be gained.【点评】开门见山，使用双重否定句，指出推迟退休年龄在社会上引起广泛的争议。从正方分析了推迟退休年龄的好处。非限制性定语从句，指出推迟退休年龄可以缓解老龄化社会带来的劳动力不足的问题。使用However引出另一方的观点。For one thing. For another提出推迟退休年龄的两个弊端。引出作者本人的观点，并针对争议提出建议。加分亮点a good way to deal with.应对的好办法diminish减少，削弱【主题词汇】1. put a timetable on.给出一个明确的时间表2. be less enthusiastic about.不太热衷于3. give rise to引发, 导致4. put more pressure on pension system 给养老保险制度带来更多压力5. take. into account 把考虑进去6. impose.on.把强加于【拓展句式】1. Only through these measures can we hope to solve the problem that.只有通过这些措施，才有希望解决的问题。2. Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that.考虑所有这些因素，我们可能会得出合理的结论，即Part Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)【语篇分析】本文主要阐述农贸市场过多所带来的问题。第1-4段介绍农贸市场过多造成供过于求，农民对这种现象产生不满。第5-12段对全国的农贸市场进行分析，并通过部分农民及农贸市场的举例进一步说明该现象对农民及整个市场经济产生的不良影响。第13-21段详细分析供过于求产生的原因。第22-23段介绍农贸市场的大量出现给其他行业所带来的相应问题。 1. C 【定位】由题干中的 the number of farmers market 定位到文章第二段：Farmers in pockets of the country say the number of farmers markets has gone far ahead of demand, a consequence of a call for markets that are closer to customers and communities that want multiple markets.【精解】定位句的后半句a consequence of“的结果”提示原因所在，即需要多样化市场的客户或社区希望拥有距离他们较近的市场，C是对该句的同义转换，选项中的are required与原文中的a call for相对应，故选C.2. C 【定位】由题干中的 To earn the same money 定位到文章第三段第二句：Other farmers say they must add markets to their weekly rotation to earn the same money they did a few years ago, reducing their time in the field and adding employee hours.【精解】由定位句可知，一些农民说他们必须增加每周轮流的市场量，减少他们在农田的时间，增加雇员时间，以获得同几年前一样的收入，故选C.3. D 【定位】由题干中的 Mr. Spineti 和 the Wednesday market 定位到文章第四段第二句:He was selling vegetables at the Wednesday market here.【精解】由定位句可知，Mr. Spineti在周三的市场上出售蔬菜，故答案为D.4. C 【定位】由题干中的Rick Wysk定位到文章第九段第二句：He believes his business is further hurt by additional markets that opened this year in Northampton and Springfield.【精解】由定位句可知，Rick Wysk认为他的生意由于今年在北安普顿和斯普林菲尔德新开的市场而进一步受到影响，故选C.5. B 【定位】由题干中的the severest problem 定位到文章第十一段第一句：More densely populated areas, however, seem to be where the problem is most acute.【精解】题干中的the severest problem与原文中的the problem is most acute相对应，因此原文中的主语more densely populated areas 即为答案，故选B.6. A 【定位】由题干中的Dale Davis 定位到文章第十三段：.cut three New Jersey markets this year becausesales were down and the extra travel reduced his profit.【精解】由定位段可知，由于销量的降低以及额外的行程费用减少了利润，Dale Davis关闭了位于新泽西的三个市场，A中的closed down与cut相对应，故选A.7. A 【定位】由题干中的the new or small-scale farmers以及they cant join定位到文章倒数第七段第一句：In some places, new or small-scale farmers who cannot get into existing markets create their own and attract customers.【精解】由定位句可知，在一些地区，那些不能够加入到现存市场的新的或小规模的农民成立了他们自己的市场，并吸引了一些客户，故答案为A.8. farmers or market managers【定位】由题干中的Trudy Toliver和complaint定位到文章倒数第五段最后半句：but she “hasnt even heard complaint” about it from farmers or market managers.【精解】定位句中的she指的就是Trudy Toliver, 题干中的hasnt heard any complaint与原文中的hasnt even heard complaint相对应，故原文from 后的farmers or market managers即为答案。9. the location【定位】由题干中的Farmers Market Federation和communities定位到文章倒数第四段最后一句：The organization has started distributing feasibility surveys to communities that want to open markets so they can figure out if the location has the farmer and customer base necessary to survive, Ms Eggert said.【精解】由定位句可知，该组织已经展开对一些希望开拓市场的群体的可行性调查，以确定所处的位置是否拥有市场所必需的农户和客户基础，以生存下去，题干中的find out与原文中的figure out相对应，故答案为the location.10. antiques or clothing stands【定位】由题干中的Cindy Tobin 和the market where vegetables were for sale定位到文章倒数第二段最后一句：.said she thought markets where vegetables were for sale alongside stands with antiques (古董) or clothing did farmers a disservice.【精解】 题干中的be harmful to the farmers与原文中的did farmers a disservice相对应，题干中的stands close to与原文中的alongside相对应，因此to后应填入的宾语即为with后的antiques or clothing stands.Part Listening ComprehensionSection A11. W: If you dont wear an overcoat in the early morning, you will catch a cold.M: But my overcoat is too old and ugly, I want to buy a new one.Q: What does the woman want the man to do?B 对话中，女士警告男士如果他一大早不穿大衣的话就会感冒，由此可以推知女士想让男士穿暖和些。12. W: The fridge has stopped working. Theres no electricity.M: Well have to call Mr. Morris right away.Q: What job does Mr. Morris probably have?C 对话中的男士在得知停电后要打电话给莫里斯先生，由此可推测莫里斯先生很可能是电工。13. M: Now, Im going to start off by asking you a difficult question. Why would you like to get this post?W: Well, first of all, I know that your firm has a very good reputation. Then I heard you offer good opportunities for promotion for the right person.Q: What do we know from this conversation? C 根据男士问女士的Why would you like to get this post?和女士所陈述的原因，可判断女方是在接受面试，为 的是得到这份工作。14. W: Did you hear Mike is in hospital with head injuries and a broken arm?M: Yes. Apparently he was struck by another vehicle and turned completely over.Q: What happened to Mike?A 对话中男士的回答说明，迈克的车与另一辆车相撞并且撞翻了。15. M: Could you help me to decide what I should buy for my brothers birthday?W: Remember you took a picture of him at his last birthday party? Why not buy him a frame so that he can fix the picture in it?Q: What did the man do last year for his brothers birthday?A 女士回答的第一句话就巳明确说明去年男士的弟弟过生日时，他给弟弟照了相。16. M: What did your doctor prescribe for you?W: Well, he said there was no need for me to take any medicine if I ate well-balanced meals.Q: What did the doctor say?D 解题关键信息是well-balanced meals (均衡的饮食)，选项D与此意相同。17. W: Could you tell me what I should do if my car breaks down?M: Well, Im sure you wont have any trouble, Mrs. Smiths. But if something should happen, call this number, and theyll see that you get help.Q: What did the man really mean?A 根据男士说的. if something should happen, call this number,可确定选项A正确。18. M: Hey, Louis, Ive got a used copy of our Chemistry textbook for half price.W: Im afraid you wasted your money. Yours is the first edition, but were supposed to be using the third edition.Q: What has the man done?B 对话中，女士告诉男士他买的书是第一版，而他们要用的是第三版，据此可判断男士买错了书。Conversation One（注：划线部分提示了答案所在。后同。）W: Elizabeth Martin speaking.M: Doctor Martin, my names Mark Johnson. My roommate, Benjamin Jones, is in your art history class, um, Art History 502. W: Yes.M: Well. Hes sick and wont be in your class today. He asked me to bring his term paper to your office.W: OK. The paper is due by 3:00.M: I have a class from one to two. Ill bring it to your office after class.W: Well, I have a meeting this afternoon, so you can drop it off with the secretary of the art history department. Shell see that I get it.M: OK. Oh. and I almost forgot. Im a biology major, but my advisor told me that I need one more humanities course to graduate. I noticed youre teaching a course on landscape painters next semester. Could you tell me a little bit about it?W: Sure. Well, its a course for non-art majors. Well be looking at several different painters and examing their works. Well also look at the history and politics of the era in which they lived.M: That sounds interesting. What else is required?W: Theres no final exam, and theres only one required book. But each student has to give a major presentation about an individual painter at the end of the course.M: Hmm, it sounds good. Will you be in your office later today? Id like to talk with you some more.W: Well, my meetings scheduled to last all afternoon. Why dont you stop by tomorrow, anytime in the afternoon? My office is in the Fine Arts Building, right next to the library.M: Thanks. Ill do that.19. Why does the man call the woman?B 根据对话中男士说的 Hes sick and wont be in your class today. He asked me to bring his term paper to your office (他病了，所以今天无法上您的课了。他让我把他的学期论文交到您的办公室），可知男士打电话是帮其室友交学期论文，选项B符合此意。20. What does the man almost forget to do?A 根据对话中男士说的.I almost forgot. but my advisor told me that I need one more humanities course to graduate. I noticed youre teaching a course on landscape painters next semester. Could you tell me a little bit about it (我差点忘了导师说我需要修一门文科课程才能毕业。我注意到您下学期要开一门有关风景画大师的课，您能给我讲讲吗），可推知男士想了解女士开设的一门课，选项A与此意吻合。21. What will students be required to do in the course the woman describes?B 根据对话中女士说的 But each student has to give a major presentation about an individual painter at the end of the course (但每个学生在课程结束前必须就一位绘画大师作主题发言），可确定选项B正确。22. What does the woman suggest the man do?C 根据对话中女士说的Why dont you stop by tomorrow, anytime in the afternoon (你为什么不明天下午找个时间顺便来我这里呢），可知女士建议男士明天下午找她，选项C与此意吻合。Conversation TwoW: Im going to leave work early today. Theres a debate this evening at 6 oclock. So Im going to get an early dinner and head over there.M: Whos debating about what?W: The two candidates for the State Senate are going to answer questions from reporters. The Daily News is sponsoring the event. Members of the audience will also have a chance to ask questions一so maybe Ill speak, too.M: Oh, so youre interested in politics. Are you helping one of them?W: No. I just want to learn more about the candidates so that I can make an informed decision.M: Well, I dont think Ill be voting, so I guess I wont bother with that.W: Why arent you going to vote?M: Oh. my vote doesnt matter.W: Sure it does!M: Well. besides that. I dont think any of the politicians these days represent my ideas. Id like to see the government support guaranteed loans for people who want to start small businesses. Ive wanted to open my own bakery for years and I cant get a loan.W: You know what? Thats one of the issues theyll probably discuss tonight. One of the candidates wants tax breaks for large companies. He says that will create more jobs. The other candidate owns a restaurant. She wants to start programmes to promote more small businesses.M: Hmm. What do you know? Maybe I should show up there myself.23. Why is the woman going to the debate?D 根据对话中女士说的 I just want to learn more about the candidates so that I can make an informed decision (我就是想多了解那些候选人，以便作出有根据的决定），可确定选项D与此意吻合。24. What reason does the man give for not voting?D 根据对话中男士说的Oh, my vote doesnt matter (哦，我的一票无足轻重），可确定选项D正确。25. What will the man probably do?B 根据对话最后男士说的Maybe I should show up there myself (也许我也应该去），可推知选项B正确。Section BPassage OneThe British education system can be very confusing to an outsider. It is often not understood very well by the British themselves. This is because Britain does not really have an education system. Most of the control over the organization of education is in the hands of local, not central government. The result is that the system can vary from area to area.All children, however, have to go to school at the age of five, and they stay there until they reach the school leaving age, which is sixteen.Children start their education in a primary school, where they usually stay until they are eleven. They then move to a comprehensive school. In some areas, however, they go to a middle school at about the age of ten, and then move to a comprehensive school when they are thirteen. Middle schools are larger than primary schools, but smaller than comprehensive schools. They aim to prepare students for the larger, more formal comprehensive schools.26. Who controls the organization of education?A 文中第一段倒数第二句话表明，教育的组织结构是由地方政府来控制的。27. At what age do children go to school?A 文中第二段第一句话表明，孩子的上学年龄为五岁。28. Which are the largest schools?C 根据文中最后一段倒数第二句话进行简单推理，便可知综合学校的规模最大。Passage TwoIn China it is relatively usual to ask people their age, but in the West this question is generally regarded as impolite. This is particularly true of women, and even more so if the enquirer is a man.However, it is very normal to ask children their age, and some adults may not mind being asked either. In fact, some elderly people are quite happy to reveal their age, especially if they feel they look young for their age. Nevertheless, it is not very wise to ask a direct question like “How old are you?” If elderly people want to talk about their age, and perhaps receive a compliment on how young they look, they may easily bring up the topic themselves, and ask the other person to guess how old they are. In such a situation, it is quite acceptable to discuss age freely. They normally expect to be complimented on their youthfulness, though, rather than to be told that they look very old!29. What is thought to be impolite in the West, according to this passage?B 文中第一段第一句话表明，在西方，询问年龄通常会被认为是不礼貌的。30. Why do some elderly people like to reveal their age?A 文中第二段第二句话表明，如果老人认为自己比实际年龄看起来年轻时，就很愿意透露自己的年龄。31. What do people expect to be told when talking about age?C 文中最后一句话表明，人们通常希望别人恭维自己看起来很年轻。Passage ThreeMany people believe that Americans love their cars almost more than anything else. It may be true. From the time youngsters become fourteen years old they are likely to dream of having their own car. Many young people work after school during their last year of high school in order to buy a car. Learning to drive and obtaining a drivers license may be one of the most exciting times of a young persons life.People who almost never go to a doctor when they are sick will take their cars to a mechanic at the first sign of a problem. Those who do not like to work around the home on Saturdays may devote most of that day to washing and waxing their cars.For some families its not enough to have one car. They often have two or even three - one for work and one for recreation.Many men and women in the United States need to have a car. Many need a car to go to work. Housewives need a car to go shopping or to take the children to school or other activities.In most states young people learn to drive in high school, where driver training is one of the most popular courses. At the end of the course the student must take a driving test to obtain a license. For many, that piece of paper is an important symbol that they are now adults.32. Why do some young people work after school during their last year of high school?A 文中第一段第四句话表明，他们这样做是为了买车。33. What is often more important than going to a doctor?C 文中第二段第一句话表明，即使生病也不去医院的人会一看到汽车有了问题就送去修理。34. Why do housewives need cars?D 文中第四段第三句话表明，家庭主妇要开车去购物、送孩子去学校等。35. According to the passage, where do many boys and girls learn to drive?B 文中最后一段第一句话表明，很多年轻人是在中学学习开车的。Section CListening is an extremely complex communicative activity. In his book Principles and Implications of Cognitive Psychology, Neisser defines listening as “a temporally extended activity”, in which the listener continuously (36) develops more or less specific readiness for what will come next. In other words, an (37) effective listener is constantly setting up hypothesis in his mind, and also, he is constantly testing his hypothesis by matching it with what he has heard in reality. If he hears what he has expected, he receives the information. But if what he hears is totally out of his (38) expectation, he fails to get the message.The skill to (39) anticipate what is coming in listening comprehension depends largely on the listeners (40) familiarity with the theme of the message. It also depends on the listeners (41) knowledge of the speaker as well as the setting.Obviously, when we listen to something that we already have some information about, it is generally a lot easier for us to take in the new information. Therefore, pre-listening (42) preparation seems to have a big role to play in (43) enhancing listening comprehension. Before actual listening, (44) we could perhaps first give some thought to the topic, discuss it with others, read some related materials and do some vocabulary work. If we could make ourselves fully oriented for the forthcoming talks or lectures, we are more likely to become effective listeners.Of course, readiness beforehand is not at all enough. (45) Active thinking must take place all the way through. In fact, we should always try to think ahead of the speaker. The ability to anticipate helps us in logical and intelligent guesswork. (46) It does not only enable us to know generally what a person is going to talk about in a certain situation, but also sometimes even exactly what a persons next utterance is going to be in a discussion.Part Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Section A47. A 根据语法，此处应该填一个名词，再结合后面的介词on, 可知填research合适，表示“关于的研究”。48. J 此处空格前面是will, 后面是动词原形，根据语法可知，此处应该填一个副词。结合句意，可知randomly合适，表示“随机分配”。49. C 此处空格前面是名词所有格，可知此处应该填一个名词，结合句意，可知permission合适