NATTI翻译道德准则.doc

AUSIT Code of EthicsThe Australian Institute of Interpreters and Translators Inc (AUSIT) was founded at a meeting in Canberra in 1987, convened by the National Accreditation Authority for Translators and Interpreters (NAATI) to establish a national association of interpreting and translation professionals in Australia. Central to the establishment of any profession is the codification of its practices not only in organisational matters, but also, and crucially, in matters of professional conduct. Adherence to a Code of Ethics represents an undertaking by the members of a professional association that they can be relied upon to behave according to rules that protect and respect the interests of their clients as well as those of their fellow members. The development of the AUSIT Code of Ethics was completed in 1995, when it was endorsed（认可） by NAATI, adopted by AUSIT at the National General Meeting and presented to the International Federation of Translators at its World Congress in Melbourne in 1996.In summary, the Code obliges members to: respect their clients rights to privacy and confidentiality尊重客人隐私 decline to undertake work beyond their competence or accreditation levels不要做能力以外和鉴定认证以外的翻译 take responsibility for the work of people under their supervision 对下属负责 decline to mix promotional activity for clients with interpreting or translation work guard against misuse of inside information for personal gain guard against encroaching on the work of co-members maintain professional detachment, impartiality and objectivity 不偏不倚 refer to arbitration by the National Council of any dispute with other members and to accept the Council decision as binding.与同行争执时，接受国家委员会的仲裁The development of the rules embodied in the Code has been a serious and painstaking undertaking（艰巨的任务）, but its effectiveness is attested to by the fact that, apart from the NAATI endorsement（认证）, a number of major organisations have sought and been granted the right to adopt and reproduce it. They include interalia the Commonwealth Governments Translation and Interpreting Service (TIS), Centrelink Multicultural Services, the Refugee Review Tribunal.GENERALPRINCIPLES总则1.PROFESSIONALCONDUCT职业操守InterpretersandtranslatorsshallatalltimesactinaccordancewiththestandardsofconductanddecorumappropriatetotheaimsofAUSIT,thenationalprofessionalassociationofinterpretingandtranslationpractitioners.口译员和笔译员必须在任何时候都应根据对于口译和笔译从业人员全国职业协会澳大利亚翻译协会（AUSIT）目标来说适宜的操守和礼仪之标准来行事。2.CONFIDENTIALITY保密Interpretersandtranslatorsshallnotdiscloseinformationacquiredduringthecourseoftheirassignments.口译员和笔译员不得披露任何在其工作期间获得的信息。3.COMPETENCE胜任能力Interpretersandtranslatorsshallundertakeonlyworkwhichtheyarecompetenttoperforminthelanguageareasforwhichtheyare“accredited”or“recognised”byNAATI.口译员和笔译员只应从事在其由NAATI鉴定合格或是认可的语言领域内其有足够胜任能力从事的工作。4.IMPARTIALITY公正性Interpretersandtranslatorsshallobserveimpartialityinallprofessionalcontracts.口译员和笔译员须在所有专业工作中确保公正性。5.ACCURACY精准性Interpretersandtranslatorsshalltakeallreasonablecaretobeaccurate.口译员和笔译员须尽全力确保翻译精准。6.EMPLOYMENT执业Interpretersandtranslatorsshallberesponsibleforthequalityoftheirwork,whetherasfreelancepractitionersoremployedpractitionersofinterpretingandtranslationagenciesandotheremployers.不管是作为自由职业者还是由口译和翻译中介机构或其他雇主雇佣的从业者，口译员和笔译员都有责任确保其工作质量。7.PROFESSIONALDEVELOPMENT专业水平提升Interpretersandtranslatorsshallcontinuetodeveloptheirprofessionalknowledgeandskills.口译员和笔译员须不断提升其专业知识和技能。8.PROFESSIONALSOLIDARITY业内团结Interpretersandtranslatorsshallrespectandsupporttheirfellowprofessionals.口译员和笔译员须尊重和支持其业内专业人士。CODEOFPRACTICE从业准则AnnotationstoGeneralPrinciplesofCodeofEthics道德守则总则之注释1.PROFESSIONALCONDUCT职业操守a)StandardsofConductandDecorum（端庄得体）操守和礼貌之标准i.Interpretersandtranslatorsshallbepoliteandcourteousatalltimes.口译员和笔译员须在任何时候都礼貌待人，举止恭谦。ii.Interpretersandtranslatorsshallexplaintheirroletothoseunaccustomedtoworkingwiththem.口译员和笔译员须对尚不熟悉与之共事之人士解释其职责。iii.Interpretersandtranslatorsshallbeunobtrusive,butfirmanddignified,atalltimes.口译员和笔译员须在任何时候都应低调行事，但立场坚定，态度庄严。iv.Itistheresponsibilityofinterpretersandtranslatorstoensurethattheconditionsunderwhichtheyworkfacilitateratherthanhindercommunication.口译员和笔译员有责任确保其工作的状态有助于而不是妨碍沟通v.Interpretersshallencouragespeakerstoaddresseachotherdirectly.口译员应鼓励其服务对象相互直接称呼对方。b)Honesty,IntegrityandDignity诚实、正直和尊严i.Interpretersandtranslatorsshallnotallowpersonalorotherintereststoprejudiceorinfluencetheirwork.口译员和笔译员须确保不让个人或其他利益对其工作造成损害或影响。ii.Interpretersandtranslatorsshallnotsolicitoracceptgratuitiesorotherbenefits.口译员和笔译员不得索要和收受小费或其他好处。Cf.6.Employmentb)(iii)iii.Interpretersandtranslatorsshallnotexercisepowerorinfluenceovertheirclients.口译员和笔译员不得对其客户发号施令或施加影响。iv.InterpretersandtranslatorsshallmaintaintheirintegrityandindependenceatallTimes.口译员和笔译员须时刻维护其正直和独立性。v.Interpretersandtranslatorsshallfranklydiscloseanypossibleconflictofinterest.口译员和笔译员须坦率地披露任何可能存在的利益冲突。c)Reliability可靠性i.Interpretersandtranslatorsshalladheretoappointmenttimesanddeadlines,orinemergenciesadviseclientspromptly.口译员和笔译员须信守预约时间和最后期限，或在出现紧急情况时立刻通知客户。ii.Interpretersandtranslatorsshallundertakeappropriatepreparationsforalltranslatingandinterpreting(T&I)assignments.口译员和笔译员须在从事所有翻译和口译工作前做好恰当的准备工作。iii.Interpretersandtranslatorsshallcompleteinterpretingandtranslationassignmentstheyhaveaccepted.口译员和笔译员须完成其承接的口译和笔译工作。d)InfamousConduct卑劣行为Interpretersandtranslatorsshallrefrainfrombehaviourwhichtheircolleagueswouldreasonablyregardasunprofessionalordishonourable.口译员和笔译员不得做出其同行有理由认为是不专业或不光彩的行为。e)Disputes争议i.Interpretersandtranslatorsshalltrytoresolveanydisputeswiththeirinterpretingandtranslatingcolleaguesinacooperative,constructiveandprofessionalmanner.口译员和笔译员须尽量以合作性、建设性和专业的方式解决与其口译和翻译同行之间的争议。ii.InterpretersandtranslatorsshallreferanyunresolveddisputeswithotherAUSITmemberstotheExecutiveCommitteeoftheirprofessionalassociationandtheconclusivedirectionoftheExecutiveCommitteeshallbebindingonmembers,withtheprovisionofappealorreviewintheinterestsofnaturaljustice.口译员和笔译员应将任何与其他澳大利亚翻译协会成员之间未解决的争议提交至其专业协会的执行委员会，且执行委员会在本着自然公正的原则提供上诉权力或进行复议后作出的最终指示对其成员有约束力。2.CONFIDENTIALITY保密a)InformationSharing信息共享i.Informationsharedininterpretingandtranslatingassignmentsisstrictlyconfidential.在口译和笔译工作中共享的信息应严格保密。ii.Disclosureofinformationmaybepermissiblewithclientsagreementorwhendisclosureismandatedbylaw.在征得客户同意或当法律要求披露时方可披露信息。iii.Whereteamworkisrequired,andwiththeclientspermission,itmaybenecessarytobriefotherinterpretersortranslatorswhoaremembersoftheteaminvolvedintheassignment.Insuchcircumstances,theethicalobligationforconfidentialityextendstoallmembersoftheteamand/oragency.团队作业需要披露信息，且征得客户同意后，需要向作为团队成员作业的口译员和笔译员简要说明情况。在这种情况下，保密的道德义务对于该团队和/或机构的所有成员都适用。iv.Informationgainedbyinterpretersandtranslatorsfromconsultationsbetweenclientsandtheirlegalrepresentativesisprotectedunderthecommonlawruleoflegalprofessionalprivilege.口译员和笔译员在向客户及其法定代理人咨询时获取的信息，受法定的职业特权的普通法条例保护。v.Interpretersandtranslatorsshallnotsub-contractworktointerpretingandtranslatingcolleagueswithoutpermissionfromtheirclient.未经客户同意，口译员和笔译员不得将业务分包给口译和翻译同事。vi.Translateddocumentsatalltimesremainthepropertyoftheclientandshallnotbeshownorreleasedtoathirdpartywithouttheexpresspermissionoftheclient,orbyorderofacourtoflaw.翻译文件在任何时候都属于客户的财产，未经客户明确同意或法庭下令不得向第三方展示和披露。3.COMPETENCE胜任能力a)QualificationsandAccreditation资质和鉴定合格i.Interpretersandtranslatorsshallacceptonlyinterpretingandtranslationassignmentswhichtheyarecompetenttoperform.口译员和笔译员只能承接其有能力完成的口译和笔译业务。ii.Acceptanceofaninterpretingandtranslationisanimplicitdeclarationofaninterpretersortranslatorscompetenceandconstitutesacontract(oralorwritten).同意承接一项口译和笔译业务即暗示口译员和笔译员有能力将其完成并构成一个（口头或书面）合同。iii.InterpretersandtranslatorsshallclearlyspecifytotheirclientstheNAATIlevelanddirectioninthelanguagesforwhichtheyareaccreditedorrecognised.口译员和笔译员须清楚地向其客户指明其所鉴定合格或被认可的NAATI评级和语言之翻译方向。iv.Ifrequestedbyclients,interpretersandtranslatorsshallexplainthedifferencebetweenNAATI“Accreditation”and“Recognition”.如果客户有要求，口译员和笔译员须解释NAATI鉴定合格和认可之间的区别。b)LevelofExpertise专业水平Inthecourseofanassignment,ifitbecomesapparenttointerpretersandtranslatorsthatexpertisebeyondtheircompetenceisrequired,theyshallinformtheclientsimmediatelyandoffertowithdrawfromtheassignment.在完成一项工作的过程中，如果口译员和笔译员发现工作所要求的专业水平明显超过了其应胜任能力，他们必须立即通知客户并提出退出工作。c)PriorPreparation前期准备Interpretersandtranslatorsshallascertainbeforehandwhatwillberequiredoftheminaprojectedassignment,andthenmakethenecessarypreparation.口译员和笔译员必须事先确定在预计完成的工作所要求的事项，然后做好必要的准备。d)SecondOpinionsandReviews他人意见和审校Anyalterationsmadetointerpretingandtranslationwork,asaresultofasecondopinionand/orreviewbyotherinterpretersortranslators,shallbeagreeduponbyconsultationbetweentheinterpretersandtranslatorsconcerned.由第二方意见和/或其他译员造成的译员的工作变更，都应该经过译员的商讨。4.IMPARTIALITY公正性a)ConflictsofInterest利益冲突i.Interpretersandtranslatorsshallnotrecommendtoclientsanybusiness,agency,process,substanceormaterialmattersinwhichtheyhaveapersonalorfinancialinterest,withoutfullydisclosingthisinteresttotheclients.口译员和笔译员不得向客户推荐任何其在其中拥有个人或金钱利益的业务、机构、程序、物质或重大事项，除非已将该等利益向客户做出了全面披露。ii.Interpretersandtranslatorsshallfranklydiscloseallconflictsofinterest,includingassignmentsforrelativesorfriends,andthoseaffectingtheiremployers.口译员和笔译员须坦率地翻译所有利益冲突，包括为亲友完成的工作和那些会影响其雇主的冲突。iii.Interpretersandtranslatorsshallnotaccept,orshallwithdrawfromassignmentsinwhichimpartialitymaybedifficulttomaintainbecauseofpersonalbeliefsorcircumstances.如果因为个人信仰和环境很难保证工作的公正性，口译员和笔译员不得接受该等工作或须从中退出。b)Objectivity客观性i.Aprofessionaldetachmentisrequiredforinterpretingandtranslationassignmentsinallsituations.在所有情况下对于口译和笔译工作都要求专业独立性。ii.Ifobjectivityisthreatened,interpretersandtranslatorsshallwithdrawfromtheassignment.如果无法确保客观性，口译员和笔译员必须从工作中退出。c)ResponsibilityrelatedtoImpartiality与公正性相关的责任i.Interpretersandtranslatorsarenotresponsibleforwhatclientssayorwrite.口译员和笔译员不对客户所说或所写之内容负责。ii.Interpretersandtranslatorsshallnotvoiceorwriteanopinion,solicitedorunsolicited,onanymatterorpersoninrelationtoanassignment.口译员和笔译员不得就任何与工作有关的事项和人员被动或主动发表口头和书面意见。iiiIfapproachedindependentlybyseparatepartiestothesamelegaldispute,aninterpreterortranslatorshallnotifyallpartiesandgivethefirstpartyopportunitytoclaimexclusiverighttotherequestedinterpretingortranslationservice.如果在同一法律纠纷中各方均分别邀请其为其提供服务，口译员和笔译员须告知各方并向第一时间提出要求的一方提供口译或笔译服务。5.ACCURACY精准性a)TruthandCompleteness忠实和完整i.Inordertoensurethesameaccesstoallthatissaidbyallpartiesinvolvedinameeting,interpretersshallrelayaccuratelyandcompletelyeverythingthatissaid.为了确保会议中所涉及各方对相互所述之内容的知情权，口译员须精准而完整地翻译所述的所有内容。ii.Interpretersshallconveythewholemessage,includingderogatoryorvulgarremarks,aswellasnon-verbalclues.口译员须传达全面的信息，包括贬损性信息或粗俗的言论以及非语言性提示。iii.Ifpatentuntruthsareutteredorwritten,interpretersandtranslatorsshallconveytheseaccuratelyaspresented.如果出现明显的口头或书面不实信息，口译员和笔译员应照其原样精准地翻译。iv.Interpretersandtranslatorsshallnotalter,makeadditionsto,oromitanythingfromtheirassignedwork.口译员和笔译员不得更改、添加或省略其翻译工作中的任何内容。b)UncertaintiesinTransmissionandComprehension传递与理解中的不确定性i.Interpretersandtranslatorsshallacknowledgeandpromptlyrectifytheirinterpretingandtranslationmistakes.口译员和笔译员必须承认并立即改正其口译和笔译错误。ii.Ifanythingisunclear,interpretersandtranslatorsshallaskforrepetition,rephrasingorexplanation.如果任何内容不清楚，口译员和笔译员必须要求对方重复、换种说法或是解释。iii.Ifrecallandinterpretingarebeingovertaxed,interpretersshallaskthespeakertopause,thensignaltocontinue.如果记忆和口译负担太大，口译员应要求讲话者适当暂停，然后示意继续。c)ClearTransmission清楚地传达i.Interpretersshallensurethatspeechisclearlyheardandunderstoodbyeveryonepresent.口译员须确保讲话内容为在场各方清楚地听到并理解。ii.Ashortgeneralconversationwithclientspriortoanassignmentmaybenecessarytoensureinterpreterandclientsclearlyunderstandeachothersspeech.在进行工作之前与客户做简短的一般性沟通有助于确保口译员与客户可以清楚地理解相互的讲话内容。iii.Inalawcourt,simultaneousinterpretingforclientsshallbewhispered.法庭上的同声传译服务必须以耳语形式向客户提供。d)Certification资格证明Translatorsshallprovidecertification,ifrequestedbytheirclients,thattheirtranslationistrueandaccuratesofarastheyknow.Certificationshallincludethetranslatorsname,detailsofNAATIaccreditation/recognition,languageandlanguagedirection,andbesignedanddated.如果客户有要求，笔译员应该出示资格证明，以证明在其知道的范围内，他们的笔译是真实且精准的。资格证明应包括笔译员的姓名、NAATI鉴定合格或认可的详细内容、语种和语言翻译方向、签名和日期。6.EMPLOYMENT执业a)FreelanceandAgency-employedPractitioners自由职业者和受雇于机构的从业者i.Interpretersandtranslatorsmayworkininterpretingandtranslationassignmentsasindependent(freelance)professionals,orundercontracttoacommercialorgovernmentagency.口译员和笔译员可能以独立的自由职业专业人士身份或与商业或政府机构签署合同从事口译和笔译工作。ii.Inbothinstances,freelanceandemployedinterpretersandtranslatorsshallabidebytheAUSITCodeofEthics.在这两种情况下，自由职业和受雇的口译员和笔译员均须遵守澳大利亚翻译协会道德守则。iii.IfthisCodeofEthicsandanemployingagencysdirectionsareinconflict,interpretersandtranslatorsshallabidebytheCodeofEthicsand,ifnecessary,withdrawfromtheassignment.如果该道德守则与一家雇佣机构的指导方针相冲突，口译员和笔译员均须遵守道德守则，并在必要时退出工作。b)FeesandPaymentinKind收费和以实物付款i.Membersarefreetosettheirownratesandconditions.AUSITmayprovideinformationonrangesofrateschargedbymembers.会员可自由设置自己的费率和条件。澳大利亚翻译协会可能会提供会员的收费范围。ii.Interpretersandtranslatorsshallnotacceptforpersonalgainanyfees,favours,commissionsorthelikefromanyperson,firm,corporationorgovernmentagency,includinganotherinterpreterortranslator,inconnectionwithrecommendingtoaclientanyperson,businessagency,substance,materialmatters,processorservice.口译员和笔译员不得为了个人利益从包括另一口译员或笔译员在内的任何个人、公司、法人机构或政府机构就向客户推荐任何个人、业务机构、物质、重大事项、程序或服务收受任何费用、赠品、佣金和类似财物。iii.Ingeneral,giftsandtipsinadditiontotheagreedfeeshallnotbeaccepted.However,somediscretionarylatitudemaybeexercisedinacceptingagiftasatokenofgratitude,asthisisobligatoryincertainclientcultures.一般而言，不能收受正常收费之外的礼物和小费。但是出于特定的客户文化背景之要求，可酌情予考虑接受代表谢意的礼物。c)Accountability责任心i.Interpretersandtranslatorsshallberesponsibleforanyservicestooronbehalfofclientsbyassistantsorsub-contractorsemployedbytheinterpretersortranslators.口译员和笔译员须对自己所雇用的助手或分包商向客户或代表客户提供的任何服务负责。ii.Interpretersandtranslatorsintheemploymentofanotherpractitionerorinterpretingandtranslationagencyshallexercisethesamediligenceasinallprofessionalcontextsintheperformanceoftheirduties.受雇于另一从业者或口译和笔译机构的口译员和笔译员在履行自己职责时须尽到如在所有职业环境下履职相同的努力。7.PROFESSIONALDEVELOPMENT职业发展a)MaintainingSkills保持技能i.Interpretersandtranslatorsshallconstantlyreviewandre-evaluatetheirworkperformancetomaintainacceptablestandards.口译员和笔译员须不断地审校和重新评估其工作绩效以维持可接受的质量标准。ii.Practisinginterpretersandtranslatorsareexpectedtomaintainandenhancetheirlanguageskillsbypursuingfurtherrelevantstudyandexperience.从业的口译员和笔译员必须通过进行进一步的相关学习和实践来维持和提高其语言技能。iii.Interpretersandtranslatorsshallmaintainclosefamiliaritywiththelanguagesandculturesforwhichtheyofferprofessionalinterpretingandtranslationexpertise.口译和笔译专门技艺所针对之语言和文化保持相当的熟悉程度。i.Interpretersandtranslatorsshallcontinuallyendeavourtoimprovetheirinterpretingandtranslatingskills.口译员和笔译员必须不断地致力于提高其口译和翻译技艺。b)TrainingandPractice培训和练习ii.Itisincumbentoninterpretersandtranslatorstosupportandencouragetheprofessionaldevelopmentoftheircolleagues.口译员和笔译员须义不容辞地支持和鼓励其同事的职业发展。8.PROFESSIONALSOLIDARITY业内团结a)SupportofColleagues同行支持i.Interpretersandtranslatorsshallsupportandfurthertheinterestsoftheprofessionandtheircolleaguesandoffereachotherreasonableassistanceasrequired.口译员和笔译员须支持并促进翻译行业和同行的利益，并在需要时相互提供合理的帮助。ii.Interpretersandtranslatorsshallrefrainfrommakingcommentsinjurioustothereputationofacolleague.口译员和笔译员不得作出有损于同行声誉的评论。b)TrustandRespect信任与尊重i.Interpretersandtranslatorsshallpromoteandenhancetheintegrityoftheprofessionbyfosteringtrustandmutualrespectbetweencolleagues.口译员和笔译员应该通过培养信任和相互尊重促进并加强业内团结。ii.Anydifferencesofopinioninterpretersandtranslatorsshallbeexpressedwithcandourandrespect,ratherthanbydenigration.口译员和笔译员之间的任何不同意见应该以坦率、尊重而不是诋毁的态度表达。SUPPLEMENTARYNOTESTOTHECODEOFPRACTICE从业准则的增补备注SomeusefulsuggestionsfollowwhichdonotfitneatlyintotheCodeofPractice,butwhichmayhelpexplainsomeclauses.以下一些有用的建议不是完全符合从业准则，但可以帮助解释一些条款1.PROFESSIONALCONDUCT职业操守Todeterminetheappropriatenessorotherwiseofaproposedcourseofact