英语语法-形容词副词动词和动词短语.docx

由LEONZHANG整理 2016.4.13四：形容词和副词考点：1.比较级2.以ly结尾但不是副词的词,比如说friendly是形容词3.形容词的排序问题（基础）1.比较级1）比较级前如何使用定冠词the若比较级后接名词或者代词，且需特指，用the+比较级（泛指时 a/an+比较级）。如：Which of them is the better choice? 他们谁是更合适的人选？当要特指两者中“较（更）”时，比较级前通常要带定冠词，此时可视为比较级后省略了有关名词或代词one。如：Of the two possibilities, this is more likely than that. 两个可能性中，后者比前者更可能。在“the+比较级， the+比较级”这一结构中使用the，属于习惯用法，意思“越越”如：The more learned a man is, the more modest he usually is. 人越有学问，往往越是谦虚。当比较级受by far修饰且by far置于其前时，比较级前要用the。如：He is by far the cleverer student. 他是个聪明的多的学生。注：若by far 用于比较级后，则不用the。2）“否定词+比较级”结构的用法说明“否定词+比较级”字面意思“不更”“不比更”。如：I decided to go with them, mainly because I had nothing better to do. 我决定同他们一起去，这主要是因为我没有更好的事儿可做。注：当句子中省略了隐含的than短语时，注意结合语境理解“否定词+比较级”。如：I have never drunk better beer (than this).字面：我从未喝过更好的酒。实际：这是我喝过的最好的酒。（即：我从没喝过比这更好的酒。）Ive never had a more pleasant one before.的 我以前从未这么开心过。I really couldnt ask for a better boss. 我确实找不到比他更好的老板了。3）含有比较级的几个有用习语more or less其意为“几乎，差不多”“大约，或多或少”。如：The work is more or less finished.工作基本上完成了。The answers were more or less right.回答基本上是正确的。Its an hours journey, more or less.大约有一个钟头的路程。. sooner or later其意为“迟早，早晚，总有一天”。如：Dont worrythe child will come back sooner or later.别急，这小孩迟早会回来的。You should tell her, because shell find out sooner or later.他应该告诉她，因为她迟早会发觉的。. whats more其意为“而且”“此外”“还有”“更有甚者”。如：She says we could use her car, and whats more, shell pay for the petrol.她说我们可以用她的车，而且她还愿付汽油费。He came home after midnight, and whatsmore, hew as drunk.他半夜过后才回家，而且喝醉了。. no soonerthan其意为“一就”。如：We had no sooner set out than a thunderstorm broke.我们刚出发就遇到了大雷雨。No sooner had he gone to sleep than the telephone rang once again.他刚睡着电话铃又响了。4）做好比较级考题的三种思路根据句中的关键词答题1. The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here _.A. earlyB. earlierC. earliestD. the earliest【解析】答案选B。做此题的关键词是new，即把“新来的学生”与“早些时候呆在这儿的学生”进行比较。全句意为：新来的这群学生比早些时候呆在这儿的那些学生表现得更好些。2.Do you need any help, Lucy?Yes, the job is _ I could do myself.A. less thanB. more thanC. no more thanD. not more than【解析】答案选B。做此题要抓的关键词是yes，由于答话者对问话者的“你需要帮助吗？”作了肯定回答，说明答话者独自完成工作有困难，故填more than。3. Of the two coats, Id choose the _ one to spare some money for a book.A. cheapestB. cheaperC.more expensiveD. most expensive【解析】答案选B。关键词是句中的two，因是两者比较，故用比较级，可将答案锁定在B和C之间；再根据句意，排除C。通过分析的隐含意思答题1. There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog. ” But there is _ wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book.”A. someB. muchC. more D. most【解析】答案选C。这道题出得非常巧妙，句中既没有显示比较级的关键词，也没有暗示用比较级的than。而是将“Love me, love my dog”与“Love me, love my book”两句进行比较，要求考生根据这两句话的内容确定哪句话更有wisdom。2. With April 18s railway speedup, highway and air transport will have to compete with _ service for passengers.A. goodB. betterC. bestD. the best【解析】答案选B。句子大意为：由于铁路提速了，所以高速公路和航空业要提高服务质量来竞争客源。因将“高速公路和航空”与“铁路”比较，故用比较级。3. The melon the Smiths served at dinner would have tasted _ if it had been put in the fridge for a little while.A. goodB. betterC. bestD. well【解析】B。题目中将“放入冰箱中冷冻”与“不放入冰箱中冷冻”作比较，故用比较级。句意为：史密斯家人晚餐时上的甜瓜若能放入冰箱中冷冻一下味道会更好些。4. Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his _ one.A. better-knownB. well-knownC. best-knownD.most-known【解析】C。因为是从他所写的所有歌中选出一首来比较，故用最高级。、根据相关的修饰关系答题1. After two years research, we now have a _ better understanding of the disease.A. veryB. farC. fairlyD. quite【解析】B。这四个副词中，通常只有far可用于修饰比较。注：quite有时也可用于修饰比较better，但它只用于表示“身体康复”，不用于其他意义。2. Work gets done _ when people do it together, and the rewards arehighertoo.A. easilyB. very easyC.more easilyD. easier【解析】C。根据题意可知，说话者是将when people do it together和when people dont do it together这两种情况比较，故选比较级。注意不要选D，因为在此题是要用副词修饰动词，不能用形容词。另外，根据句末的higher too也可知道此题是考查比较级。2.以ly结尾但不是副词的词英语中，以-ly结尾的单词基本上是副词，也就是说词尾-ly是副词的标志，但是值得特别注意的是，有些单词以ly 结尾却通常用作形容词。如：1）一些表示人的名词加ly构成形容词。如 friendly, manly, womanly, brotherly, sisterly, wifely, comradely, husbandly等。这类形容词除friendly可做表语外，其余的一般都只用作定语，表示被修饰的名词具有某类人的性格特征。如：He spoke in a friendly way. 他说话的态度很亲切。The boy walked with a manly stride. 那男孩走路迈着大人的步子。2）某些表示时间的名词加ly构成形容词。如 timely, hourly, daily, weekly, yearly, monthly, quarterly等。这类形容词一般用作定语，而不作表语，不用very修饰。如：What is my weekly wage? 我的周工资是多少？We pay a yearly visit to my uncle. 我们每年都要看望我的叔叔。We cannot be thankful enough to you for your timely and selfish help. 我们对你们及时而无私的援助真是感激不尽。3）某些表示地点的名词加ly构成形容词。如 homely, worldly等。如：Its a homely meal. 那是一顿家常便餐。4）某些描述性的名词加ly构成形容词。如：lovely, likely, lively, lonely, sickly等。如：What lovely flowers those are! 那些花多么好看啊!She is the most likely girl to win the prize. 她是最有希望得奖的女孩。5）某些词尾为ly的固有单词，如：early, silly, ugly等。除early可作副词外，silly, ugly只能做形容词。如：You were very silly to trust him. 相信他, 你可真愚蠢。I dont like the ugly look of that hole in the gable. 我不喜欢山墙上的那个难看的窟窿。3.形容词的排序问题（基础）限定词- 数词- 描绘词-（大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色，国籍，材料性质）- 类别- 名词限：限定词。the，my，a，this，those，etc.数：数词。序数词在前，基数词在后。first，third；four，fifty，etc.描：描绘性形容词。brave，beautiful，lovely，nice，wonderful，expensive，dirty，horrible，handsome，valuable，etc.大：大小、长短、高低等形容词。big，large，small，little，long，tall，etc.形：形状。round，square，etc.新：年龄大小、新旧、年代等。young，old，new，etc.颜：颜色。red，blue，green，etc.国：国籍、地区、出处。Chinese，America，Japanese，etc.材：物质材料的形容词。golden，wooden，wax，stone, silk，etc.类：表示类别、用途。medical school， writingdesk， chemicalweapons，etc.一、 大长高新颜国材例：thosethreebeautifullargesquareoldbrownwoodentable二、 大小形状和新老，颜色国际出（处）材料例：aprettylittlesquareoldblackJapanesewoodenwritingdesk三、 美小圆旧黄，中国木书房美：描述或性质类；小：大小、长短、高低、胖瘦类；圆：形状类形容词；旧：新旧、年龄类形容词；黄：颜色类形容词；中国：来源、国籍、地区、出处类形容词；木：物质、材料。例：abeautifulshortnewredChinesewoolencoat典型例题:1）Tonyisgoingcampingwith_bo