职称英语理工类C级阅读理解复习资料.doc

职称英语理工类C级阅读理解复习资料(1)Electric Backpack1. Backpacks(背包) are convenient. They can hold your books, your lunch, and a change of clothes, leaving your hands free to do other things. Someday, if you dont mind carrying a heavy load, your backpacks might also power your MP3 player, keep your cell phone running, and maybe even light your way home.2. Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues from the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia(费城美国宾夕法尼亚州东南部港市) and the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole(美国马萨诸塞州的一个渔村，也是许多重要研究机构所在地), Mass(Massachusetts 的缩写：马萨诸塞州，美国东北部的一个州)have invented a backpack that makes electricity from energy produced while its wearer walks. In military actions, search-and-rescue operations, and scientific field studies, people rely increasingly on cell phones, global positioning system (GPS)(全球定位系统) receivers(接收机), night-vision goggles(夜视镜), and other battery-powered devices to get around and do their work. The backpacks electricity-generating feature could dramatically reduce the amount of a wearers load now devoted to spare batteries, report Rome and his colleagues in the Sept. 9 Science6.3. The backpacks electricity-creating powers depend on springs used to hang a cloth pack from its metal frame. The frame sits against the wearers back, and the whole pack moves up and down as the person walks. A gear mechanism converts vertical(垂直的) movements of the pack to rotary (旋转的)motions of an electrical generator, producing up to 7.4 watts(瓦(特).4. Unexpectedly, tests showed that wearers of the new backpack alter their gaits(步态，步法) in response to the packs oscillations(摆动) so that they carry loads more comfortably and with less effort than they do ordinary backpacks. Because of that surprising advantage, Rome plans to commercialize(商业化) both electric and non-electric versions of the backpack.5. The backpack could be especially useful for soldiers, scientists, mountaineers(登山运动员), and emergency workers who typically carry heavy backpacks. For the rest of us, power-generating backpacks could make it possible to walk, play video games, watch TV, and listen to music, all at the same time. Electricity-generating packs arent on the market yet, but if you do get one eventually, just make sure to look both ways before crossing the street!Questions:1. Backpacks are convenient because_.A) They can be very largeB) They can hold as many things as you want to carry.C) Your hands are freed to do other things.D) You do not have to carry things with you.2. What is the most important feature of the backpack invented by Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues?A) It produces electricity for electronic devices while the wearer walks.B) It can be used as cell phones, GPS in the military actions or field studies.C) It is small and convenient.D) It is light and easy to carry.3. The word “springs” in Paragraph 3 means _.A) a small stream of water flowing naturally from the earth.B) the season of the year, occurring between winter and summer.C) the act or an instance of jumping or leaping.D) a length of metal wound around, which returns to its original shape after being pushed.4. According to Paragraph 4, what does Rome plan to do?A) To make the backpack more comfortable for the wearer.B) To put the backpack on the market.C) To test the advantage of the backpack.D) To promote the backpack in a newspaper or on television.5. What is implied in “if you do get one eventually, just make sure to look both ways before crossing the street!”A) You will be too excited to watch the traffic.B) Enjoying electronic devices while walking may invite traffic accidents.C) It is not possible for you to get such a backpack.D) It is wise of you to have such a backpack.文章详解：1. 首先解读标题：Electric(这是理工类阅读中经常出现的单词，因此含义要记住：电子的)Backpack(合成词：back是后背的意思，pack是包、包裹的意思，因此backpack就是背包。)背包是大家日常生活中很熟悉的东西，但电子背包没听说过。带着一份好奇，通读一遍原文，大致了解，电子书包除了大家知道的普通功能之外，科学家还打算让它具有更多更新的功能。虽然现在市场上还买不到，但总有一天会走进我们的生活，为我们带来更多便利的。2.接下来，在正式看文章每句话之前，先浏览所设置的问题，这样一方面可以更清楚地了解文章的脉络，另一方面一会儿精读时，也比较容易在相关段落找到答案。通过看五个问题，我们知道，它们的答案就出现在文章相应的五个段落里，而且以细节题居多。所以，我们就看一题，针对性地精读一段。先看问题1：1. Backpacks are convenient because_.A) They can be very large他们能够非常大B) They can hold as many things as you want to carry.你想带多少东西，背包就能装多少东西C) Your hands are freed to do other things.你的双手能够被解放出来干其它事情D) You do not have to carry things with you. 你不用随身携带东西了。题目的意思是：背包很方便，是因为。标准的细节题形式：文章一开头，就提到Backpacks(背包) are convenient.所以，我们一起把第一段读完：They can hold(装) your books, your lunch, and a change of clothes(换洗衣服), leaving (留着)your hands free (自由的、空闲的)to do other things. Someday(有朝一日), if(如果) you dont mind carrying (介意做某事，一般用mind doing sth)a heavy load(很重的东西), your backpacks might also power(动词，给。提供电能) your MP3 player(MP3播放机), keep(使) your cell phone (手机)running(运行、运转), and maybe even light(照亮) your way home(你回家的路).看到这里，问题应该有答案了，就是因为C。而其它三个答案，根本就没出现在段落里。3.看第二题：2. What is the most important feature (特点、特征)of the backpack invented by Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues(过去分词短语做定语，被。所发明的背包)?A) It produces electricity for electronic devices(设施) while the wearer walks.当背着它的人在行走时，它能为电子设施产生电流。B) It can be used as cell phones, GPS in the military actions or field studies.在军事行动中或在科学领域研究中，它能被用作手机电话、全球定位系统。C) It is small and convenient. 它又小又方便。D) It is light and easy to carry. 它轻而且容易携带。题目的意思：由Lawrence和他的同事所发明的背包最重要的特征是什么?这是一道细节题。一起读第二段：Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues(同事们) from(来自于) the University of Pennsylvania(宾西法尼亚大学) in Philadelphia(费城美国宾夕法尼亚州东南部港市) and the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole(美国马萨诸塞州的一个渔村，也是许多重要研究机构所在地), Mass(Massachusetts 的缩写：马萨诸塞州，美国东北部的一个州。)have invented(发明) a backpack that makes electricity from energy produced(定语从句，意思是：背包能够通过被产生的能量而发电) while its wearer walks. In military actions(在军事行动中), search-and-rescue(搜救) operations(行动), and scientific field studies(科学领域的研究), people increasingly(越来越)rely on (依赖)cell phones, global positioning system (GPS)(全球定位系统) receivers(接收机), night-vision goggles(夜视镜), and other(其它的) battery-powered(以电池为动力的) devices(设施) to get around(四处活动) and do their work. The backpacks electricity-generating(发电的，复合形容词，来自于：generate electricity) feature could dramatically(极大地， 同义词：greatly) reduce(减少) the amount (数量)of a wearers load(负重、重量) now devoted to(过去分词短语做定语，修饰load，表示被用于。) spare batteries(备用电池)(这句话的意思是：背包的发电的特征能够大大地减少过去用于携带备用电池所增加的重量), report(报告) Rome and his colleagues in the Sept. 9 Science(科学杂志，是国际上著名的自然科学综合类学术期刊，当年爱因斯坦的相对论就发表其上。).通过对这一段的学习，我们知道了这种背包最重要的特性就是：当背上它的人一边走就会一边产生电能。所以答案为A。4.让我们继续看第三题：3. The word “springs” in Paragraph 3 means _.A) a small stream of water flowing naturally from the earth.一小股自然流淌的水流(泉水)B) the season of the year, occurring between winter and summer.一年中的一个季节，介于冬季和夏季之间(春天)C) the act or an instance of jumping or leaping. 突然跳起来(蹦)D) a length of metal wound around, which returns to its original shape after being pushed. 来回绕的一段金属，在被挤压后能回复它的原形(弹簧)这种题型属于曾经介绍过的单词释义题，通常所面对的词汇是多义词，但要通过它出现的上下文，猜测出它的含义。Spring当动词时，意思是蹦、跃起;当名词讲，是泉水、弹簧、发条、春天等。让我们看看文章里含有该词的句子：The backpacks electricity-creating(产生的) powers (能量)depend on springs used(被用来) to hang(挂) a cloth pack(布包) from its metal frame(金属框架).所以，可以推断spring只能当弹簧讲，因此答案是D。The frame sits(搁、放) against (倚、靠)the wearers back, and the whole pack(包) moves up and down(上下移动) as(当) the person walks. A gear ()mechanism(机械装置) converts(转化) vertical(垂直的) movements of the pack to rotary (旋转的)motions(运动) of an electrical generator(电子发电机), producing up to(多达) 7.4 watts(瓦，电功率单位).5.第四题：4. According to Paragraph 4, what does Rome plan to do?A) To make the backpack more comfortable for the wearer.为了使背包对于背的人来说更舒适B) To put the backpack on the market. 为了把背包推向市场C) To test the advantage of the backpack. 为了检测背包的优点D) To promote the backpack in a newspaper or on television.为了在报纸上或电视上促销背包。题目的意思是;根据第四段，罗马计划要做什么?又是细节题。Unexpectedly(出人意料的是), tests (实验)showed that wearers of the new backpack alter(同义词change, 改变)their gaits(步态，步法) in response to(响应、配合)the packs oscillations(摆动) so that (引导目的状语从句，表示“为了”)they carry(携带) loads(重物、重量) more comfortably and with less effort(更少的力量) than they do ordinary(普通的) backpacks. Because of that surprising(令人吃惊的) advantage(优点、优势), Rome plans(动词，计划) to commercialize(使。商业化) both electric(电子的) and non-electric(非电子的) versions (种类)of the backpack.最后一句是答案的出处，即Rome计划将这种背包商业化，即，推向市场。所以，答案是B。6.看最后一个问题：5. What is implied in “if you do get one eventually, just make sure to look both ways before crossing the street!”A) You will be too excited to watch the traffic. 你会太兴奋以至于不注意来往车辆。B) Enjoying electronic devices while walking may invite traffic accidents.一边走一边享受电子设施有可能会导致意外。C) It is not possible for you to get such a backpack.你不可能得到这样一个背包。D) It is wise of you to have such a backpack. 拥有这样一个背包对你来说是明智的。题目的意思是：“如果你终于得到这样的背包，过马路时一定要两面都看看。”这句话根据提问方式是推理题：即，根据文章已有的信息或文章的含义进行归纳和总结;或推断文章的引申、暗示的含义;我们一起看最后一段：The backpack could be especially(尤其) useful(有用的) for soldiers(士兵), scientists, mountaineers(登山运动员), and emergency workers (对紧急情况进行处理的工作人员)who typically(特别地、独特地) carry heavy backpacks. For the rest of us(对于我们其余人而言), power-generating backpacks could make it (形式宾语)possible to walk, play video games(玩游戏), watch TV, and listen to music, all at the same time(同时间进行). Electricity-generating packs arent on the market (还没有出现在市场上)yet, but 5.if you do get one eventually, just make sure to look both ways before crossing the street!我们也知道，凡事既有利又有弊。通过读这篇文章，我们知道电子背包有很多的优点，但当我们一边走路，一边玩着游戏、听着音乐、看着电视，就有可能会导致交通意外的发生。所以答案就是B。职称英语理工类C级阅读理解复习资料(2)Plant Gas1. Scientists have been studying natural sources of methane(甲烷，沼气) for decades but hadnt regarded plants as a producer, notes Frank Keppler, a geochemist(地球化学家) at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heldelberg, Germany. Now Keppler and his colleagues find that plants, from grasses to trees, may also be sources of the greenhouse gas. This is really surprising, because most scientists assumed that methane production requires an oxygen-free environment.2. Previously, researchers had thought that it was impossible for plants to make significant amounts of the gas. They had assumed that microbes(微生物) need to be in environments without oxygen to produce methane. Methane is a greenhouse gas, like carbon dioxide. Gases such as methane and carbon dioxide trap heat in Earths atmosphere and contribute to global warming.3. In its experiments, Kepplers team used sealed chambers (室，房间;腔) that contained the same concentration of oxygen that Earths atmosphere has. They measured the amounts of methane that were released by both living plants and dried plant material, such as fallen leaves.4. With the dried plants, the researchers took measurement at temperatures ranging from 30 degrees Celsius to 70 degrees C. At 30 degrees C, they found, a gram of dried plant material released up to 3 nanograms(微克) of methane per hour. (One nanogram is a billionth of a gram.) With every 10-degree rise in temperature, the amount of methane released each hour roughly doubled.5. Living plants growing at their normal temperatures released as much as 370 nanograms of methane per gram of plant tissue per hour. Methane emissions(散发，发射)tripled(增加三倍;) when living and dead plant was exposed to sunlight.6. Because there was plenty of oxygen available, its unlikely that the types of bacteria(bacterium的复数，细菌) that normally make methane were involved. Experiments on plants that were grown in water rather than soil also resulted in methane emissions. Thats another strong sign that the gas came from the plants and not soil microbes.7. The new finding is an “interesting observation,” says Jennifer Y. King, a biogeochemist(生物地球化学家) at the University of Minnesota in St. Paul. Because some types of soil microbes consume methane, they may prevent plant-produced methane from reaching the atmosphere. Field tests will be needed to assess the plants influence, she notes.注释：1. the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heldelberg, Germany：马克思普朗克核物理研究所，位于德国海德堡。海德堡系德国西南部城市，在巴登-符腾堡州的内卡河畔。海德堡大学是德国历史最悠久的大学。2. microbe：细菌，意义同 bacterium(bacteria的单数形式)，但 microbe 不用作专门术语。3. St. Paul：圣保罗，美国明尼苏达州首府。练习：1. What was scientists understanding of methane?A) It was produced from plants.B) It was not a greenhouse gas.C) It was produced in oxygen-free environments.D) It traps more heat than any other greenhouse gas.2. To test whether plants are a source of methane, the scientists created _.A) an oxygen-free environment.B) an environment with the same concentration of oxygen as the Earth has.C) a carbon dioxide-free environment.D) an environment filled with the greenhouse gas3. Which statement is true of the methane emissions of plants in the experiment?A) The lower the temperature, the higher the amount of methane emissions.B) Living plants release less methane than dried plants at the same temperature.C) When exposed to sunlight, plants stop releasing methane.D) The higher the temperature, the greater the amount of methane emissions.4. What of the following about methane is Not mentioned in the passage?A) Plants growing in soil release methane.B) Plants growing in water release methane.C) Soil microbes consume methane.D) Microbes in plants produce methane.5. What is the beneficial point of some microbes consuming plant-produced methane?A) Methane becomes less poisonous.B) Methane is turned into a fertilizer.C) Less methane reaches the atmosphere.D) Air becomes cleaner.题目详解：1.先看标题，推测文章主题：Plant(植物) Gas(气体)，即植物能产生某种气体。什么气体?我们很快扫视文章发现文中有一个词共出现了14次，它就是Methane(沼气，学名甲烷)，因此标题中的gas就是指Methane。我们知道城市垃圾、煤矿、碳泥沼等会产生甲烷，从未听说植物有这种可能性。所以可以说这是人类的又一次新的发现，它有助于我们重新认识全球变暖与温室气体之间的关系。2.接下来看问题，了解它们的类型，要针对问题的提法对症下药。通读后我们发现，五个问题仍是细节题为主，这样我们就可以一边按文章的写作顺序精读，一边准确回答问题。而且，我相信大家还会学到不少新的词汇和知识!3.看第1题：What was scientists understanding of methane?科学家们对于沼气过去有什么样的理解?(注意谓语动词时态!)A) It was produced from plants.它是由植物产生的。B) It was not a greenhouse gas.它不是温室气体。C) It was produced in oxygen-free environments. 它是在缺氧环境中产生的。D) It traps more heat than any other greenhouse gas.它比其它任何一种温室气体吸热都多。阅读第一段：Scientists have been studying(完成进行时，一直研究。) natural sources(来源，注意和resource资源对比，) of methane(甲烷，沼气) for decades(是decade的复数形式，几十年) but hadnt regarded (过去完成时，强调过去的过去，即曾经不认为。)plants as (作为)a producer(制造者、产生者), notes(指明、表明) Frank Keppler, a geochemist(地球化学家) at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heldelberg(海德堡), Germany(德国).(中心句) Now (现在，和前面内容从时间上形成对比。)Keppler and his colleagues find that plants, from grasses to trees, may also be sources of the greenhouse gas. This is really surprising(令人吃惊的), because(解释原因)1. most scientists assumed(注意时态，表示过去认为, assume = think) that methane production(产生) requires(动词，和need同义) an oxygen-free(缺氧的) environment(环境).结论：我们初步可以断定答案是C。而通过做这一题，我们真正地可以认识到基本英语语法的重要性了。当一句话中的动词使用不同时态时，就是在表达不同时间段发生的动作，即使句中没有时间状语。因此，我仍然希望大家要有坚实的基本功。4.看第2题：To test whether plants are a source of methane, the scientists created _.为了去检测是否植物是沼气的来源，科学家们创造了_.A) an oxygen-free environment.缺氧的环境B) an environment with the same concentration of oxygen as the Earth has.一种氧气的浓度与地球大气中的氧气浓度一样的环境C) a carbon dioxide-free environment. 缺二氧化碳的环境D) an environment filled with the greenhouse gas充满了温室气体的环境分析：标准的细节题，要想得到答案只有继续阅读文章。第2段：Previously(以前), researchers had thought (曾经认为)that it was impossible(不可能的) for plants to make significant(有意义的、重要的) amounts(数量) of the gas. They had assumed that microbes(微生物) need to be in(在。之中) environments without (没有)oxygen(氧气) to produce methane. Methane is a greenhouse gas, like carbon dioxide(二氧化碳). Gases such as(例如) methane and carbon dioxide trap heat(吸收热量) in Earths atmosphere(大气层)and contribute to(导致、引起)global warming(全球变暖).结论：事实上，这一段仍然在回答第一题。从侧面我们也可以更加确定刚才的答案是正确的。还是要注意所有动词的时态!我们并未找到第二题答案，因此继续!第三段：2. In its experiments(实验), Kepplers team used(使用) sealed(原形seal，密封) chambers (室，房间) that(引导定语从句) contained(包含、包括) the same concentration(密度) of oxygen that(引导定语从句， 修饰concentration) Earths atmosphere(大气、大气层) has. They measured (测量、衡量)the amounts(数量) of methane that(引导定语从句， 修饰the amounts) were released(释放) by both living plants(活着的植物) and dried(干的) plant material(材料), such as fallen leaves(落叶).结论：开头的第一句就揭示了答案应该是B。5.看第3题：3. Which statement is true of the methane emissions of plants in the experiment?在实验中，有关植物释放沼气的陈述，哪一个是正确的?A) The lower the temperature, the higher the amount of methane emissions.温度越低，沼气的释放量越高。B) Living plants release less methane than dried plants at the same temperature.在相同的温度下，活着的植物要比干植物释放的沼气少。C) When exposed to sunlight, plants stop releasing methane.当植物暴露于阳光之下时，就停止释放沼气。D) The higher the temperature, the greater the amount of methane emissions.温度越高，沼气的释放量越高。分析：这道题中有三个关键词：methane emissions，Living plants，dried plants。因此要得出答案，必须读4，5两段。读第四段：With(至于) the dried plants, the researchers took measurement(进行测量) at temperatures(温度) ranging from (从。范围到。范围)30 degrees Celsius(30) to 70 degrees C(70). At 30 degrees C, they found, a gram(克) of dried plant material released up to(多达)3 nanograms(微克) of methane per hour(每小时). (One nanogram is a billionth(十亿分之一) of a gram.) With every 10-degree(度) rise(上升) in temperature, the amount of methane released each hour roughly(大约)doubled(两倍).第五段：Living plants growing at their normal(正常的) temperatures released as much as(像。一样多) 370 nanograms of methane per gram of plant tissue(每一克的植物组织) per hour. Methane emissions(散发，发射)tripled(增加三倍;) when living and dead plant was exposed to(暴露于。之下) sunlight.结论：这道题要答对，这两段一定要全部看懂。我们可以得出结论温度越高沼气的释放量越高，有生