代词学案.doc

会考复习三 代 词一.概念:代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的一类词，大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能，英语中的代词按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词。二.相关知识点精讲1.人称代词人称代词有主格，宾格，单数和复数之分。 单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称第二人称第三人称 I like table tennis. （作_）Do you know him?（作_）2. 物主代词1)表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词汉语2）形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词在用法上的区别：形容词性物主代词在性质上仍然是形容词，不能单独使用，后面必须跟名词，只作定语。名词性物主代词在性质上属于名词，它相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，因此名词性物主代词后面不能跟名词，可以单独作主语，宾语或表语。这是她的外套。我的在那边。 This is _coat. _is over there.我的车子出故障了。我可以用你的吗?Something has gone wrong with _ bike. May I use _?3. 反身代词英语中用来表示我自己，你自己，他自己，我们自己，你们自己等意义的代词称为反身代词，也有人称之为自身代名词。人称一二三单数复数1)反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。 He called _ a writer(他自己) Would you please express _ in English?(你自己) It doesnt matterIll be _ soon I_ washed the clothes（=I washed the clothes myself.）（作主语同位语）2）用在一些固定短语中：teach oneself, learn by oneself, enjoy oneself, dress oneself, help oneself, 3）反身代词不能作定语，在表示某人自己的东西时，不能说“oneself s+ 名词”， 要说 ones own +名词，或 名词+of+ones own I have myself s car. I have my own car. I have a car of my own.4. 指示代词指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。 1) this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人。This is a pen and that is a pencil We are busy _ days In _ days the workers had a hard time2)有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物。 I had a cold. _s why I didnt come. What I want to say is _ ：pronunciation is very important in learning English3)有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替。 Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as _ made in Shanghai4)this 在电话用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方。 Hello! _ is Mary. Is _ Jack speaking?5. 不定代词不指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。1)some与any的区别some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”，作形容词或代词;any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”，作形容词或代词_ rice in the bag has been sold out. If you have _ questions, please ask me. There isnt _ orange in the bottle. Have you got _ tea?-How many people can you see in the picture? -I cant see _. If you have no money, Ill lend you _.注意：与some, any结合的词如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。2) few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别用作形容词：含义用法表示肯定表示否定用于可数名词用于不可数名词房间里有几个人。There are _ people in the room.房间里几乎没有人。There are _ people in the room.请给我一点牛奶好吗？Could you give me _ milk?桌子上有许多事物，但是我几乎一点儿都没吃。There was a lot of food on the table, but I ate _.a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。我感觉有点饿。_ 她昨天睡的很少。_3)other, the other, another, others, the others的区别。用 法代名词形容词单数复数单数复数不定another另一个others别人，其他人another (boy)另一个（男孩）other (boys)其他的（男孩特定the other另一个（两者当中的）the others其余那些人、物（某范围内）the other (boy)另一个男孩the other (boys)其余那些（男孩）（某范围内的） Where are his _ books? I havent any _ books except this one. He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , _is 5 years old. Some went to the cinema,_ went swimming. In our class only Tom is English,_are Chinese. Mary doesnt want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her _ one? Im still hungry after Ive had this cake. Please give me _.4)every与each的区别。eachevery1)可单独使用1)不可单独使用2)可做代名词、形容词2)仅作形容词3)着重“个别”3)着重“全体”，毫无例外4)用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物4)用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物 _ of my children goes to a different school. Not _ man is honest. I asked all the children and _ told a different story. He had a cut on _ foot.5)all, both, either, neither, any, none的用法都任何都不两者botheitherneither三者或三者以上allanynoneMr. Alcott, headmaster of the school, refused to accept _(任何) of the three suggestions made by the StudentsUnion.There are many trees on _ side of the street. _(都不) of the two cars are mine. Mine is under repair. _horses are animals, but not _ animals are horses.6)none, no one, nothing的用法区别 none既可指认，也可指物，且一定是特指概念，常用来回答how many/much引导的疑问句, none 后可加of 引导的介词短语，none of + 名词/代词；no one 只能指人，且只能是泛指概念，常用来哦回答who引导的疑问句；nothing“什么也没有”，否定一切，常用来回答what引导的疑问句。How many people are there in the room now?_.Who is in the room? _ of us wants to give up.Whats in the box? _.6. 疑问代词疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。Who is going to come here tomorrow? （作主语）What is that? (作表语)Whose umbrella is this? (作定语)Whom are you waiting for? (作宾语)7. 相互代词表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other 和one another两种形式。在当代英语中，each other和one another没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语，定语。作定语用时，相互代词用所有格形式。 We should learn from each other / one another. （作宾语） Do you often write to each other / one another? （作宾语） We often borrow each others / one anothers books. （作定语）The students corrected each others / one anothers mistakes in their homework. （作定语）8.关系代词关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语. 在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。I hate people who talk much but do little.Im looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter.With the money that he had saved, he went on with his studies.Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster?代词练习基础练习一、用适当的代词填空1. Tom is a boy. _ is twelve. Look! This is _ sweater.2. _ am a girl. _ name is Li Li. This is _ teacher. Miss Ma._ is a good teacher. We like _ class. Oh, this book is _.3. Are these clothes _? No, theyre not _. Those are my clothes.4. The boys are in the classroom. _ are with _ teachers.5. Do _ have a pen? Yes, I do. Can I borrow _? Ok! Here you are.6. That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big.7. The dress is _. Give it to _(she).8. Show _ your kite, Ok? (they)9. I have a beautiful cat. _ name is Mimi. These cakes are _. (it)10. Are these _ tickets? No, _ are not _. _ arent here. (they)二、单项填空1.The couple often eats out becauseof them can cook.A.both B.all C.neitherD.none2.Deng Yaping must be busy doing her work for the 2008 Beijing Olympics right now. I imagine. A.thatB.toC.soD.it3.Excuse me，can you tell me where I can find a supermarket? I happen to knownearby.Come on，Ill show you the way. A.someB.oneC.thatD.it4. disappeared as time went on that he was afraid of climbing high mountains. A.ItB.ThatC.WhatD.Which5.We only have 15 minutes to get to work.What shall we do? Oh，dear.There isnt any taxi around when you want. A.oneB.itC.thatD.this6.In the village，many of the men have gone off to cities in search of higher pay.but the aged and the women stay at home. A.NotB.AllC.NoneD.Neither7.I havent seenof her films，but judging from the one I have seen recently I think shes a promising actress. A.bothB.anyC.eitherD.none8.The editor-in-chief asked me to write another article for them， about how to stay away from bird flu. A.anyB.oneC.that D.each9.Only those students thinks the best can be accepted by Peking University or Tsinghua University. A.whoB.heC.thatD.what10.It is common that there are generation gaps between parents and their children，for the values Of todays young people differ from of their parents. A.ones B.oneC.thatD.those11.I invited Joe and Linda as well as Tom to dinner，but of them came. A.neitherB.noneC.eitherD.both12.Oh，no!This stupid computer has crashed again! Well，you can try one，since there are so many available. A.anotherB.otherC.the otherD.other13.It is so difficult a problem thatstudents in this class _work it out. A.any;cantB.no;canC.every;canD.no，cant14.Cook was a strict but good captain，who，usually，took care of the sailors on his ship. A.the oneB.oneC.thatD.this15.I would appreciate，to be frank，if the goods could be delivered as soon as possible. A.youB.thisC.itD.myself16.Where can we spend our Christmas holiday this year? Oh，if it agrees with you，we can go to of the southern cities. A.allB.anyC.eachD.another17.I miss Melanie and would hate if our relationship is over for good. A.itB.that C.thisD.one18. professional violinist practices for several hours a day，but_violinist has his own way of playing the Beethoven concert. A.Each;everyB.Every;eachC.All;everyD.Either;every19.No one knows exactly when our ancestors started talking，but new evidence suggestsmight have happened a long time ago. A.whichB.whatC.itD.they20.What do you think of the performance today? Great! but a musical genins could perform so successfully. A.AllB.NoneC.AnybodyD.Everybody21.Bob isnt feeling very well.He has caught a cold. Everybody seems to havebecause of the sudden change of the weather. A.oneB.itC.thatD.another22.Do you thinkworthwhile to go all the way to Los Angles to buy that computer? Well，Im going to visit some relatives，too. A.itB./C.thisD.that23.What an amazing film!Its the most interesting film Ive ever seen. But Im sure it wont interest. A.somebodyB.anybodyC.nobodyD.everybody24.In our city，more and more people want to buy expensive cars，but as to me，I would like less than 100，000 yuan rather than over the am