2019中考英语二轮复习 完形填空讲解和精选 人教新目标版.doc

完形填空讲解和精选Is That All?教学目标1. 掌握本篇完形填空中出现的高频词及长难句。2. 掌握完形填空的解题技巧，并能够指出本篇完形填空中运用到的解题技巧。3. 通过完形填空高频词、长难句等语料的积累，及完形填空解题技巧的练习，灵活应对各种完形填空题。名师点拨知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊”，在英语学习的过程中，语料的积累至关重要。对于完形填空高频词和长难句的梳理，能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。亲爱的同学，老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句，快来看看你掌握了吗？一、高频词【课前检测学生的词汇量储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。具体使用中可以删去词义词性部分，给小例句提示。并标记出学生的实际掌握情况（优良差）】单词词性及词义示例备注掌握情况amazingadj. 令人惊喜(奇)的an amazing achievement相关词：amaze; amazed; amazementholdv. 1)抓住 2)抱住 3)举行 4) 坚持住hold handshold a Christmas Eve partyleavev. 1)离开 2)留下 3)丢下 leaving hints to my parentsI left my bag on the bus.disappointmentn. 失望；遗憾相关词：disappointobviousadj.明显的Its obvious that同义词：clearupsetv. 使烦恼adj.难过的That decision is likely to upset a lot of people.He is upset about losing the match.unthankfuladj.不知感恩的an unthankful person“un-”否定前缀，表示“不；未；非”如：unexpected; unable; unfair; unhappyuncomfortableadj.不舒服的unimportantadj.不重要的dishonestadj.不诚实的“dis-”否定前缀，表示“不；非；相反的”如disagree; disappear; dislike相关词：honesty; honestimproperadj.不合适的Short trousers are improper at a dance.“im-; in-”否定前缀，表示“不；非；相反的”如:impolite; imperfect; inactive等uselessadj.无用的;无意义的Its useless to argue with him.“-less”否定后缀，表示“没有；无”，如:helpless; hopeless; meaninglessrealizev. 意识到；实现receivev. 收到；招待He was received as an honored guest at the White House.acceptv. 接受相关词：acceptablefeelingn. 感觉；想法；感情I didnt mean to hurt your feelings.nervousadj.紧张的failv. 1)失败，未能做到 2)衰退 3)使失望Her eyesight is failing.When he lost his job, he felt he failed his family.advicen.建议；意见相关词：advise; suggest; suggestionmeanv.意思是I dont know what you mean.expectv.期望相关词: expected; expectationmake a mistake犯错The moment I said it I knew I had made a mistake.二、长难句【课前检测学生的句型储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。可以根据提示分析句子结构完成句子翻译。】1. My parents didnt have a lot of money but they were always very generous（慷慨的）when it came to giving us 31 .结构分析：_本句含有“when it comes to (doing) sth”结构，表示“当谈及；当提到”句子翻译：_我的父母没有很多钱但是当谈及给我们_时，他们总是很慷慨的。仿句练习：说到教育，很多人认为它是一个终生学习的过程。_When it comes to education, a lot of people think it is a lifelong study.【拓展】写作中可以用“when it comes to .”引出话题，再用“some people believe that. others argue that .”这个对立的结构引出了两种相反的观点。如：TV, a good thing or bad thing When it comes to TV, some people believe that it is extremely valuable, as it provides relaxation, entertainment and education. Others argue that it is harmful, for it begins to control our lives and deprives people of time to do other activities. There is probably some truth in both sides. But we must realize that television itself is neither good or bad. It is the uses to which it is put that determines its value to society.2. I was so upset that I didnt 35 how unthankful I sounded.结构分析：_本句含有“sothat”结构表示“如此以至于”和“how”引导的宾语从句，how在这里理解为“多么”。句子翻译：_我是如此的难过以至于我没有_ 我（的话）听起来是多么的不知感恩。仿句练习：直到那时我才知道团队合作是多么的重要。_Until then I started to know how important teamwork is.3. there was nothing but silence in the house.结构分析：_本句含有“nothing but”结构表示“除了其他什么都没有”，“but”这里是“除了”的意思。句子翻译：_房间里除了寂静什么都没有。仿句练习：除了时间我一无所有。 _I have nothing but time.4. I started to realize what a stupid thing I had said.结构分析：_本句含有what引导的宾语从句，what这里理解为“多么”。句子翻译：_我开始意识到我做了一件多么愚蠢的事。仿句练习：我开始意识到我拥有一个多么有意义的经历。 _I started to realize what a meaningful experience I had.5. Now I felt even worse than before-I had got the bike but had shown my family what an unthankful person I actually was.结构分析：_本句含有一个比较级结构和what引导的宾语从句，what这里理解为“多么”。句子翻译：_现在我感觉比以前更糟糕我虽然已经得到了自行车，却向我的家人展示出我实际上是一个多么不知感恩的人。仿句练习：我现在感觉比以前好多了-虽然我浪费了一点时间，但是我意识到我做了一件非常有意义的事情。 _Now I feel much better than before-I wasted some time but I realize what a meaningful thing I have done.方法篇“方法得当, 事半功倍。”只有语料的积累，没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于完形填空解题方法的梳理，能够帮助我们更好地理解完形填空的命题逻辑，在有足够语料积累的基础上，能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学，老师已经为你精心整理了完形填空的解题技巧，快来看看你掌握了多少？一、完形填空解题步骤第一步通读全文，把握脉络跳过空格，速读全文，把握大意。注意文中的语篇关键词，和句中的连词，如but出现后就说明句子强调的重点是but后面的内容；再如代词it指代的定是前文的单数或者不可数名词。找到关键词可以帮助我们掌握文章的大概意思及其想要传达的寓意。第二步瞻前顾后，上下求索联系上下文，运用解题策略从句子、段落、语篇层面解题，抓住文章中的上下文线索词。【具体的解题策略会在下一部分详细描述】第三步再读文章，核查答案代入答案，再读全文，反复检查，争取做到：结构正确+语义通顺+逻辑合理。二、完形填空解题策略方法方法一：词汇复现法解释“词汇复现”是指某一词汇以原词、词形变化(如protect和protection)、同义词/近义词(如road和trail)、反义词(如wrong和 correct)、上下义词(上下义是指词的总结和分解关系，上义词是总称词，下义词是被包含的个体或种类。如adult是my father的上义词；coat是clothes的下义词) 等重复出现在语篇之中。例题例1：He is very kind and friendly to others. Because of his _, he is quite popular with the people around him. A. ability B. honesty C. relationship D. kindness【分析：通过上文“He is very kind and friendly to others”，由“kind”可知因为他的“善良友好”他很受欢迎。故选D。】例2：The old man tends to forget things from time to time. In other words, he is more and more _. A. forgetful B. unforgettable C. easy-going D. hard-working【分析：通过上文“The old man tends to forget things from time to time”，由“forget”可知他越来越“健忘”。故选A。（forgetful“健忘的”，unforgettable“难忘的”。）】方法方法二：上下文推理法解释“上下文推理法”是指根据对上下文的语义和整个语篇的理解，进行适当的推理判断，因此需重点注意挖空处的上下文语境，判断清楚所要表达的含义。例题例：When we talked, I discovered（发现）some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little _17_ than that in China. We usually have forty minutes in each class.17. A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. later【分析：通过上文“each class lasts fifty minutes in the US”和下文“We usually have forty minutes in each class.”可知美国每节课是50分钟，中国每节课是40分钟，根据上下文可以推断出美国的课时比中国的长，故选B。】方法方法三：逻辑推理法解释“逻辑推理法”是根据文章的逻辑关系（如因果、并列、让步、转折、时间顺序、目的、条件、选择等）进行适当的推理判断，因此需特别注意挖空处表示逻辑关系的连词（如and表并列，but和however表转折，so表因果，first of all、then和finally表顺序等）。例题例1：My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera very much, but he cant sing 6 . 6. A. badlyB. easilyC. wellD. excitedly【分析：通过上文“My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera”和连词“but”，可以推断出前后存在转折关系，此处想要表达的含义是“喜欢但唱得不好”，故选C。】方法方法四：文化背景常识法解释“文化背景常识法”是指完形填空的文章内容往往与我们的文化生活、史地知识、生活科技等相关，有些内容是我们已经掌握的生活常识，答题时要充分调动相关知识帮助我们分析、推断。事实上，该技巧与“逻辑推断”常常交织在一起的，因为虽有背景常识，仍需简单推理。需注意中外文化的差异性，不能总是用中国人看问题的角度来看待其它国家发生的事情。例题例：There are many kinds of animals in the world. Elephants are the 1 animals that live on land. Only some kinds of whales (鲸鱼) are bigger than elephants, but they live in the 2 . 1. A. biggest B. smallest C. smaller D. bigger2. A. river B. lake C. sea D. forest【分析：第1题，众所周知：大象是陆地上最大的动物，故选A. biggest。第2题，众所周知：鲸鱼生活在大海里，故选C. sea。】方法方法五：固定搭配法解释完形填空以语境考查为主，但也有小部分题目考查语法知识、固定搭配和固定句型，解题过程中我们需要结合所学固定搭配选出正确答案。例题例1：When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention 13 what he or she is speaking 13. A. for B. of C. with D. to【分析：考查固定短语“pay attention to注意”，故选D。】例2：but we were relaxed when we were lying on the beach. We 10 some photos there. 10. A. got B. brought C. bought D. took【分析：考查固定短语“take photos拍照”，故选D。】语篇精讲障碍阅读【遵循完形填空“先完意，后完形”的原则，指导学生在障碍阅读的前提下领悟文章的主要意思，防止学生理解跑偏】（东城二模）Is That All?Christmas was always an amazing time in my home when I was growing up. My parents didnt have a lot of money but they were always very generous（慷慨的）when it came to giving us 31 .In fact, they didnt just give presents to us children. Every year they held a Christmas Eve party and gave all the kids in the neighborhood presents as well.One year, when I was eight years old, I was hoping that I would 32 a bike for Christmas. I made it clear by leaving hints（暗示）to my parents in every way I knew.On Christmas morning, however, when we got to the end of the present giving, I was very 33 . My last present was not the bike I had hoped for. Without thinking carefully, I said, “Is that all?” The moment I said it I knew I had made a mistake. Those words were 34 in any situation.My parents looked unhappy, as my disappointment was obvious. I was so upset that I didnt 35 how unthankful I sounded. My whole family felt very uncomfortable. For a few moments there was nothing but silence in the house. I started to realize what a stupid thing I had said. After my parents worked so hard, how could I 36 that I did not receive a bike when I had received so many other things?Then my father got up and went outside the living room to the hallway. He came back with the bicycle that they had 37 to give me after all the other presents were given.Now I felt even worse than before-I had got the bike but had shown my family what an unthankful person I actually was. How could I ever enjoy the bike after that? My parents were very wise people and they knew how to 38 this. They told me to think about how I felt at the moment I received the bike. They told me to remember that feeling so that I would never repeat that 39 and feel that way again.For years after that, at the end of all the present giving, my father would ask me what I had to say to everyone. It had become a family joke. I would always say, “Is that all?” But what I really 40 was “Thanks so much.”And everyone knew that.文章大意为 _（只给出关键词即可）参考关键词：Christmas；present；bike; unthankful参考答案：One Christmas, the writer didnt get the bike he wanted. Though his parents gave him many presents he felt sad and said “Is that all?”, which showed that he was unthankful. Actually his parents prepared to give him the bike. Though he got the bike at last, he felt even worse. Through this experience he knew he should be thankful.【注：程度比较好的学生可以进行无选项填空训练】语篇练习话题体裁词数建议用时实际用时正确率难度人物故事类记叙文40812-15分钟_/10（东城二模）Is That All?Christmas was always an amazing time in my home when I was growing up. My parents didnt have a lot of money but they were always very generous（慷慨的）when it came to giving us 31 .In fact, they didnt just give presents to us children. Every year they held a Christmas Eve party and gave all the kids in the neighborhood presents as well.One year, when I was eight years old, I was hoping that I would 32 a bike for Christmas. I made it clear by leaving hints（暗示）to my parents in every way I knew.On Christmas morning, however, when we got to the end of the present giving, I was very 33 . My last present was not the bike I had hoped for. Without thinking carefully, I said, “Is that all?” The moment I said it I knew I had made a mistake. Those words were 34 in any situation.My parents looked unhappy, as my disappointment was obvious. I was so upset that I didnt 35 how unthankful I sounded. My whole family felt very uncomfortable. For a few moments there was nothing but silence in the house. I started to realize what a stupid thing I had said. After my parents worked so hard, how could I 36 that I did not receive a bike when I had received so many other things?Then my father got up and went outside the living room to the hallway. He came back with the bicycle that they had 37 to give me after all the other presents were given.Now I felt even worse than before-I had got the bike but had shown my family what an unthankful person I actually was. How could I ever enjoy the bike after that? My parents were very wise people and they knew how to 38 this. They told me to think about how I felt at the moment I received the bike. They told me to remember that feeling so that I would never repeat that 39 and feel that way again.For years after that, at the end of all the present giving, my father would ask me what I had to say to everyone. It had become a family joke. I would always say, “Is that all?” But what I really 40 was “Thanks so much.”And everyone knew that.31. A. wishes B. lessons C. presents D. greetings32. A. give B. make C. buy D. get33. A. upset B. afraid C. nervous D. serious34. A. useless B. improper C. dishonest D. unimportant35. A. ask B. wonder C. realize D. remember36. A. notice B. believe C. understand D. complain37. A. refused B. planned C. failed D. forgotten38. A. solve B. prove C. accept D. explain39. A. question B. joke C. mistake D. advice40. A. heard B. meant C. answered D. expected语篇精讲：参考答案：3135 CDABC 3640 DBACB文章大意：本篇文章讲述一年圣诞节作者想要得到一辆自行车，虽然父母给了他很多其他的礼物，但是他还是感到很失望，意为父母不会送他自行车了，所以就发脾气说“这就完了？”。其实他父母早就准备好了自行车，只是还没来得及送出，通过这件事作者明白了要懂得感恩。答案解析：31. 通过下文“In fact, they didnt just give presents to us children.”可知父母很大方地送他们礼物，故选C。32. 结合后文提示“Now I felt even worse than before-I had got the bike but”和语境提示，作者想在圣诞节得到一个自行车做礼物。33. 通过下文“My last present was not the bike I had hoped for.”得知作者没有得到一直希望的自行车，因此可以推断出他是难过的，故选A。34. 通过上文“The moment I said it I knew I had made a mistake.”和下文“My parents looked unhappy”得知作者知道自己犯了个错误和作者的父母当时很不高兴，可以推断出作者的那些话是不恰当的，故选B。35. 通过下文“I started to realize what a stupid thing I had said.”可知之前由于他太难过，没有意识到这么说显得很不知道感恩，故选C。36. 通过上文“After my parents worked so hard, ”和下文“when I had received so many other things?”，再结合生活常识：父母工作如此辛苦，而且又收到那么多的礼物后，没有收到自行车我怎么还能抱怨呢，故选D。37. 通过上文“He came back with the bicycle”和下文“after all the other presents were given”可知父母其实已经准备好了自行车，因此可以推断出父母打算给了作者其他礼物后再给他自行车。38. 通过上文“My parents were very wise people”和下文他们教会我的道理，可以推断出他们知道如何解决这样的情况，故选A。39. 通过前文“The moment I said it I knew I had made a mistake.”，可知再也不要重复这样的错误，故选C。40. 通过上文“I would always say, “Is that all?”，转折连词“but”和下文“Thanks so much.”，可以推断出此处表示“我真正的意思是非常感谢”，故选B。精讲笔记【学生在教师的指导下，回顾本讲中积累的完形填空的知识和方法】语篇中积累的词汇【至少掌握10个】单词词性及词义单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）realize语篇中的学到的方法 【根据具体教学情况归纳总结】【至少掌握2个】方法一：词汇复现法如：本篇文章中的31. (presents) 方法二：上下文推理法方法三：逻辑推理法方法四：文化背景常识法方法五：固定搭配法能力提升基础过关一、词汇/短语翻译单词词性、词义备注1_adj. 令人惊喜(奇)的2_v. 1)抓住 2)抱住 3) _翻译：hold a Christmas Eve party3leavev. 1)离开 2) _ 3) _ 翻译：leaving hints to my parentsI left my bag on the bus.4_n. 失望；遗憾5_adj.明显的翻译：我的失望是很明显的。6upsetv. 使烦恼adj. _7unthankful_“un-”前缀，表示“_”unexpected: _; unhappy: _8uncomfortable_9unimportant_10dishonest_“dis-”前缀，表示“_”disagree: _ dislike: _11improper_“im-; in-”前缀，表示“_” impolite: _ inactive: _12useless_“-less”后缀，表示“_”helpless: _ hopeless: _13_v. 意识到；实现14_v. 收到；招待翻译：He was received as an honored guest at the White House.15_v. 接受猜测词义：acceptable _16_n. 感觉；想法；感情17_adj.紧张的18failv. 1)失败，未能做到 2) _3) _翻译：Her eyesight is failing.When he lost his job, he felt he failed his family.19_n.建议；意见20_v.意思是翻译：我不知道你的意思_21_v.期望22make a mistake_二、句子翻译1. 我的父母没有很多钱但是当谈及给我们礼物时，他们总是很慷慨的。_2. 我是如此的难过以至于我没有意识到 我（的话）听起来是多么的不知感恩。_3. 房间里除了寂静什么都没有。_4. 我开始意识到我做了一件多么愚蠢的事。_5. 现在我感觉比以前更糟糕我虽然已经得到了自行车，却向我的家人展示出我实际上是一个多么不知感恩的人。_6. 我真正的意思是“非常感谢”。_完形练习（东城二模）Last summer vacation, my brother got a set of bedroom furniture for his thirteenth birthday. When it arrived, I helped my parents move the 31 furniture to the garage(车库). It was still in good condition. I thought it might be a chance for us to 32 someone in our community.I started to search for neighbors, friends, anyone who 33 a bedroom set. Finally, my mom helped me call the local elementary school. They told me about Jaila, a second-grader, the daughter of a poor single mother. I was given an address and a telephone number, and I soon found myself at Jailas.The moment I went into Jailas room, I knew I had taken on too big a 34 . When I pushed the old door open, it made a long high noise. But the door was nothing compared with the rest of the room. Some old paint was 35 the wall. One of the windows was broken. The bed was just a matt