初三上册U1--3知识点.doc

Unit 1 Will people have robots一、重要词组：1.fewer people 2.less free time3.in ten years 4.fall in love with 5.live alone 6.feel lonely7.keep/feed a pet pig 8.fly to the moon 9.hundreds of +复数10.the same as 11.A be different from B 12.wake up13.get bored14.go skating15. lots of/a lot of16.at the weekends 17.study at home on computers 18.a gree with sb. 19. I dont agree. = I disagree. 20.on a piece of paper 21.on vacation 22.help sb with sth/help sb do sth23.many different kinds of goldfish24.live in an apartment /live on the twelfth floor 25.live at NO.332,Shanghai Street26.as a reporter27.look smart28. Are you kidding？ 29. in the future30.no more=not anymore31.no longer=not any longer32.besides except =but33.be able to与can 能、会be able to用于各种时态，而can只能用于一般现在时态和一般过去时态中；have to用于各种时态，而must只能用于一般现在时态. 34.be big and crowded 34.be in college35.live on a space station36.dress casually 37.win the next World Ce true 39.take hundreds of years40.be fun to watch 41.over and over again 42.be in different shapes 43.twenty years from now二、知识点讲解（一）、alone adj. &adv. 与 lonely1. =by oneself 独自的/地；孤独的/地； 独立的/地 eg, He likes living alone. I mended the bike alone.2. and no other 只有。唯有 (跟在名词或代词后面) eg, Mr Smith alone knows what happened. You alone can help me in the work. 注意：alone 强调客观上“独自，单独一人”。 lonely adv. 1. 作表语。其意思为 “孤单” eg, He feels lonely. (作表语)2 . 作定语，修饰表示处所的名词。 e g, The old man lives in a lonely mountain village. 注意： alone 强调客观上的 “独自。单独一人”, 而lonely除表示“单独”外，还带有感情色彩，形容失去朋友，缺乏友爱和帮助，感到寂寞、甚至悲哀，它只能做形容词，在句中做表语，也可做前置定语，用于地点时，意为 “荒凉的，偏僻的”eg, Though the old man is alone, he doesnt feel lonely（二）、probably adv. 很可能，或许，大概eg, Probably he may know the way. (放句首) He is probably about 50 years old. (放在系动词后面) I probably didnt try hard enough. (放在谓语前面) Itll probably rain. (放在助动词后面)able adj. 1. 有能力的，能干的 eg, My father is an able engineer. 2. 用于be able to 结构，后跟动词原形。 eg, Jim isnt able to come tonight because he is ill. （三）、be able to 与can ：相同 点：两者后跟原形动词。区别：1. can是情态动词，无人称与数的变化。过去式是cou ld.be able to 可与情态动词连用，can却不能。eg, I shall be able to speak English well. 2. be able to 可用在不定式之后，而can却不能。 eg, I hope to be able to go shopping with you on Sunday. 3. be able to 的过去式还有表示过去经过努力而做到的意思，而could 没有这种意思。 eg, He studied hard and was able to pass the exam. 4. can 表示请求和允许，以及猜测，而be able to 却无此用法。 eg, Mr Smith cant be at home. Can I carry your bag?5. 当表示现在或过去的“能力”时，两者可通用。 eg, No one was able to/could answer the question.Unit2 What should I do一、重要词组：argue with, want sb. to do, out of style , in style, enough money, write sb. a letter, call sb., a ticket to a ball game， ask sb. for sth., buy sth. for sb., get a part-time jobneed to do, pay for, get a part-time job, borrowfrom,lendto, ask sb. for sth., sell sth.to sb.,buy sth.for sb.,以及could,should 的用法。except, left sth.地点, try to do, invite sb. to do, lets do, the sameas, get on well withlearn to do, notuntil, its time to do, complain about doing, nothing new, seem to do, It seems that, find it 形容词 to do.二、重点知识讲解：1. enough: 可以修饰名词，放名词前语气较强，主要表示数量、分量如：enough food/time/money; 还可以修饰形容词，放形容词后如：big/simple/bright/strong enough2. keep out: 别进来 Danger! Keep out! 危险！不要进入！ Keep sb./sth. out of 不让某人或某物进入 Keep that cat out of my room. 别让那只猫进我卧室。3. surprise: 动词 使某人吃惊：surprise sb. 使他/她/他们吃惊：surprise him/her/them名词 使某人吃惊的是：to ones surprise 使他/她/我们/他们吃惊的是：to his/her/our/their surprise surprised 形容词 吃惊的去干某事：be surprised to do4. a ticket to a ball game 一张球赛的票 the key to the door 门的钥匙，the answer to the question 问题的答案，the way to school 去学校的路5.pay for: (pay paid paid ) 付钱，支付;为付出代价 She paid for her medicine and went out. 她付了买药的钱就出去了。sb.pay money for sth.某人为某物付款多少钱 I paid three hundred yuan for my new bike. sb. spend money on/doing sth.某人花费多少钱在某物上 I spent 300 yuan on/buying my new bike. sth. cost sb. some money 某物花费某多少钱 My new bike cost me 300 yuan.6ask sb. for sth. 向某人要某物 If you have a problem, you may ask the policeman for help.如果你遇到麻烦，你可以向警察求助。 ask sb. to do 要求某人做某事 My mom asks me to clean my room twice a week.7. except 介词 “除。之外” She works very hard every day except Sunday. 除星期天外，她每天都努力工作。Everyone except Jim was able to answer this question.除了吉姆外，大家都能回答这个问题。Besides “除。之外还有”相当于including，其后面的事物包括在前面的内容之中。There are four people in the room besides the teacher. 除了老师，房间里还有四个人。（包括老师一共五人）All the people are in the room except the teacher. 除了老师以外，所有人都在房间里。（老师不在房间里）8. I dont know what to do. what to do 是由引导词加不定式构成的宾语。疑问代词what,which,whom 或疑问副词how,when,where可加一个不定式构成不定式短语，在句中作宾语。I dont know how to do it. I cant decide which watch to buy. Do you know where to meet? He didnt tell me when to go.9. notuntil 直到才He didnt stop crying until his mom came. 直到他妈妈来，他才不哭了。He didnt eat anyting until he saw the doctor. 直到看过大夫，他才吃东西。10. These children may find it hard to think for themselves when they are older. 这些孩子们长大后可能会发现独立思考很困难。 这里it 作形式宾语，不定式作真正宾语的句子。这类句子由于宾语太长，而用it 作形式宾语，把真正的宾语移至句末，使句子保持平衡。 I found it hard to learn English well. 我发现学好英语很难U3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?一、主要词组：1.arrive at/get to/reach 2. in front of 3. in the front of 4. in/on the barbers chair5.睡懒觉sleep late6.在电话中交谈talk on the phone7.航天博物馆the Museum of Flight8.降落在中央大街上land on Center Street9.报警call the police10.沿着街道走walk down/along the street10.沿着街道走walk down/along the street11.起飞/脱下take off12.有一次不寻常的经历have an unusual experience13.大约在10点钟at around ten oclock14.跟着某人做某事/去某地follow sb to do/地点15.对感到惊讶be surprised/amazed at16.在树上in the tree/on the tree17.朝喊叫shout to sb/shout at sb18.在火车站at the train station19.逃跑run away20.沿着走walk around21.纽约市New York City/the city of the New York22.对说say to sb23.飞往纽约的航班the flight to New York24.在医生的诊所at the doctors25.看望住院的姨妈visit aunt in hospital26.2008年奥运会the 2008 Olympics27.记得做过/去做某事remember doing/to do sth28.在历史上in history29.在现代美国历史上in modern American history30.最重要的事件之一one of the most important events31.听说hear about/of32.多于;超过more than33.玩得高兴have fun/have a good time/enjoy oneself34.沉默地做某事do sth in silence35.在当今时代in recent times36.被毁坏be destroyed by37.对有意义have meaning to38.在太空in space39.与(不与)一样asas/not as/soas40.环绕地球around the world41.一个民族英雄a national hero42.全世界all over the world/around the world43.因/作为而著名be famous for/as44.第一次做某事do sth for the first time45.日常活动everyday activities二、重点知识讲解：1. 过去进行时：表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。常见的时间标志词：at 4 yesterday ,at this/that time, when/while引导的时间状语从句。结构：was /were + doing Lin Tao _(read )the book at 8 yesterday.They_(watch)TV at this time yesterday.过去进行时的一般疑问句：was /were + 主语 +doing + 其他肯定回答： Yes, 主语+was /were否定回答： NO，主语+wasnt / werent过去进行时的否定句：主语+was /were +not +doing +其他He wasnt playing chess with Tom at this time yesterday.一般疑问句：肯定回答： 否定回答：对划线部分提问： 2. 过去进行时和一般过去式的区别：过去进行时强调过去某一个时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作：一般过去式强调过去某一个时间发生过某一个动作或存在过某种状态。常见的时间标志词：yesterday last week the day before yesterday in 2000 just now , This morning When I arrived, Matthew _(talk)on the phone. He_(buy)some delicious food yesterday .3.when /while 引导的时间状语从句when 的从句用过去时，主句用过去进行时When the teacher came in, they _(talk).When 的从句用过去进行时，主句用过去式。When I was watching, it _ (begin) to rain.While 的从句用过去进行时，主句用过去式While Mom _(cook), Lucy called her up .While 从句用过去时，主句用过去进行时、While Dad _(wash) , Mum was cooking .由此可以看出：先发生的动作用过去进行时，后发生的动作用过去式。 While从句用过去进行时。用when、while填空_we were talking in the classroom, the teacher came in._they got to the airport, it was raining. _she was reading a book, the phone rang. _I saw the boy, he was wearing a new coat. _he was reading, he fell asleep4.arrive get reach 这三个词都表示“到达”arrive是不及物动词，后接名词要加 in （大地方） at（小地方）。 Get是不及物动词后接名词要用to 如果说“到了”，而不是“到了某一个地方”只用arrive。 Reach是及物动词，后直接接地点名词。注：如果后接是地点副词（here there home ）去掉介词（in at to ）They reached London yesterday （同义句）_5.scared 的用法be scared 恐惧的be scared of sth. / doing sth. 害怕某事或害怕做某事He is scared of snake . He is scared of _(sleep) along at night .6.