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清华北大家教中心2012中考英语:冠词教学目标:不定冠词a和an的区别定冠词the的用法 ,零冠词的用法,用与不用冠词的差异中考考点解读中考热点链接1、重点考查冠词的基本用法 考查不定冠词泛指一类人或事,或者某类人或事物中的一个(可译作一个/座/ 段.);定冠词表示特指;泛指类别的复数可数名词和不可数名词前不用冠词等。(1) I really like _book you lent me yesterday. (2011年广东省) A. a B. an C. the D. / (2) _old man behind Mary is _university teacher. (2009年福建) A. An; an B. A; the C. The; a D. The; an2、有时考查冠词用法中的特殊情况。 如英文字母前冠词的用法,数字前冠词的用法等。(1) Dont talk to Simon like that. He is just _eleven-year-old boy. (2010年山东) A. a B. an C. the D. / (2) There is _R in the word RED. (2008年四川) A. the B. an C. a D. / 3、考查在语境中的灵活运用。 _youngest leader in China is _man called Lu Hao. (2011年滨州) A. The; a B. A; the C.A; a D. An; an4、考查习惯用语或固定结构中的冠词用法。-Whats the matter with you?-I caught _bad cold and had to stay in _bed.(2011年大连)A. a; / B. a; the C. a; a D. the; the动动嘴 动动脑 口诀名词是秃子,常要戴帽子,可数名词单,须用a或an,辅音前用a, an在元音前,特指与无二,则须用定冠,复数不可数,a和an不见,碰到代词时,冠词均不现。禁止戴帽子,另见场合看。【妙语诠释】 名词在一般情况下不单用,常常要和冠词连用;表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an,确指时要用定冠词the;如单词以元音音标开头,使用an;如果单词以辅音音标开头,使用a。复数名词或不可数名词前,不能使用不定冠词a和an。如复数名词表示泛指,名词前有this,these,my,some等时就不用冠词。冠词分为不定冠词(a, an),定冠词(the),和零冠词。I. 不定冠词的用法:一、a和an的区别不定冠词有a和an两种形式,a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的词前,an用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的词前。不看字母看读音,不见原因(元音)别施恩(n) 动动脑 用a, an 填空:-boy, - university, - European country; - hour, - island, -elephant, - umbrella, - useful book - honest man , -UFO 1泛指某一类人、事或物 A horst is an animal2第一次提及某人某物,非特指A boy is waiting for you.3表示数 “一” 但数的概念没有one强烈I have a computer.4表示“每一”,相当于every.I go to school five days a week5用在序数词前,表示“又一”,“再一”。I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one.6用于固定词组中 a lot(of), a few ,a little , once upon a time, in a hurry, have a cold ,for a long time, have a good time ,have a look II. 定冠词的用法: 定冠词的用法口诀(动动嘴 动动脑)特指双熟悉,上文已提及;世上独无二,序数最高级;某些专有名,习语及乐器。以上口诀归纳了用定冠词的一般情况,即:特指某些人或物谈话双方都熟悉的人或事上文已经提到的人或事世界上独一无二的事物前序数词,形容词最高级前某些专有名词前一些习惯短语(如:in the day等)中和乐器前(如:play the violin / piano)。1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物The book on the desk is mine2指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事Open the window, please.3指上文已经提到的人或事物。I have a car. The car is red.4指世界上独一无二的事物。Which is bigger, the sun or the earth?5用在序数词,形容词最高级前。The first lesson is the easiest one in this book.6用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前the Great Wall 长城,the United States 美国7用在某些形容词前,表示某一类人。the poor穷人, the blind盲人8用在方位词前和某些固定词组中:on the left在左边,in the middle of在中间all the same仍然;all the time一直;at the moment此刻;at the same time同时;by the way顺便说;do the shopping/washing买东西/洗衣服;in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上;in the open air 在户外,在野外9用在姓氏复数形式前,表 “全家人”或“夫妻俩” the Greens 格林一家或格林夫妻俩1010.用在西方的乐器名称前。She plays the piano every day.in the 1990s11国家党派等以及江河湖海,山川群岛的名词前the Black Sea黑海,the Yangzi River长江12用于身体部位名词前,句型(动词+人+介词+the+人体部位)He patted me on the shoulder.III. 零冠词的用法:零冠词的用法口诀 (动动嘴 动动脑)下列情况应免冠,代词限定名词前;专有名词不可数,学科球类三餐饭;复数名词表泛指,两节星期月份前;颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。以上口诀主要概括了一般应“免冠”的几种情况,即:名词前已有作定语用的this、that、some、any、my等限定词。 专有名词和不可数名词前。 表示学科的(如:maths、Chinese、physics)名词前。 球类活动的名词前及三餐总称前。 复数名词表示泛指(一类人或事)时。 节日、季节、星期、月份前。 表示颜色(如:Its red / yellow.)、语种(如:speak English/Japanese)和国家的非全称名词(如:We live in China. They come from America.)。 在称呼或表示头衔的名词前。 某些习惯短语中(如:in bed、go to school等)。1专有名词,物质名词,抽象名词,人名地名,国家名等名词前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air2名词前已有物主代词(my,your,his,her等)、指示代词(this/these,that/those)、不定代词(some,any等)及所有格限制时,不用冠词 I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this? my book(正);my the book(误)3季节,节假日,月份,星期,一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring4表示职位,身份,头衔的名词前 President of America. manager,5学科,语言,球类,棋类名词前He likes playing football/chess.6与by连用表示交通工具的名词前by train, by air, by land7以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night8 表示泛指的复数名词前Horses are useful animals.四 、用与不用冠词的差异in hospital住院 /in the hospital在医院里in front of在(外部的)前面 /in the front of在(内部的)前面at table进餐 /at the table在桌子旁by sea乘船 /by the sea在海边go to school 上学 /go to the school 到学校去two of us我们当中的两人/the two of us我们两人(共计两人)next year明年 /the next year 第二年a teacher and writer一位教师兼作家(一个人)/a teacher and a writer一位教师和一位作家(两个人)当堂检测一:填空1.There is _picture of _ elephant on _ wall 2This is _ useful bookIve read it for _hour 3He joined the army in _ spring of _1995 4 _doctor told him to take _ medicine three times _day 5Lets go out for _ walk 6There is _ woman over there _woman is Meimeis mother 7 _sun rises in _ east 8 _Changjiang River is _ longest river in _ China 9Are you going to do it _ second time? 10Washington is _ capital of _ USA中考链接:1. Theres _800-metre-long road behind_hospital.(09兰州市) A. an, an B. a, a C. an, the D. a, the 答案:C 2. Sandy often takes her dog for _ walk around the lake after supper. (09南京市) A. a B. an C. the D.不填 答案:A 3. Mary has _ got it from her uncle. (09杭州市) A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 答案:B 4. -How about _ charity show? -I should say it was_ success. (09苏州市) A. the; a B. the; / C. a; a D. a; / 答案:A 5.What should I buy for Toms birthday? - How about _ camera? He loves taking photos. (09绍兴市) A. a B. an C. the D. / 答案:A 6. After school we usually play _ basketball for half an hour on playground. (09广州市) A. the; the B.不填;不填 C.不填;the D. the;不填 答案:C 7. We can see _ full moon on the evening of August _ 15th every year. (09绵阳市) A. the; a B. a;a C. a;the D. the;the 答案:C 8. What exciting news it is! Is _ news true? (09烟台市) A. an; the B. an; a C. /; the D. /; a 答案:C 9. Learning countrys language is a better way of knowing culture behind it. (09泰安市) A. the; a B. a; the C. 不填; theD. a; 不填 答案:B 10. “Do you want to go to action movie?” ” No, I dont want to.” (09贵阳市) A. a B. an C. / 答案:B 11. - How was _ dinner at Mikes house? - It was great. Mikes mum is _ wonderful cook. (09通化市) A. a, theB. the, aC. the, theD. a, an 答案:B 12. In Nanjing, we stayed at a very nice hotel. But I cant remember _ name of it. (09孝感市) A. the B. a C. an D. / 答案:A 13. What useful book! And book is popular with students.(09达州)A. a; a B. an; a C. the; the D. a; the 答案:D14. Which one is your mother? _one in a purple skirt under the big tree.(09阜康) A. A B. An C. The D. / 答案:C 15. -Do you play _ piano in your free time? -No, I like sports. I often play _ soccer with my friends.(09福州)

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