镗孔加工零件工艺的淬火技术.doc

镗孔加工零件工艺的淬火技术靠数控设备的程序和机床本身精度就可以保证了零件的形状和精度。但是在加工小零件时,尤其是小零件上的孔的加工很大程度上是用钻具保证的。在这部分夹具中,有相当部分钻具的结构是三维空间的定位孔和钻套孔,由于零件小,设计的结构也就无法考虑加工定位基准和工艺基准、测量基准。以往的加工工艺就是多做备件加工。不但严重影响工装制造快速反应,而且浪费加工时间。如何改进小零件的斜孔加工工艺,确保一次加工合格而且不超差。是我研究的关键。By numerical control equipment of the program and the shape of the machine tool itself can ensure the accuracy of the parts and precision. But when processing small parts, especially the hole on the small parts processing largely use the drill to ensure. In this part of the jig, quite a part of the drilling tool structure is the three-dimensional space of the positioning hole and drilling hole, due to small parts, the structure will not consider processing the locating datum for the design and process benchmark, measuring benchmark. Before machining process is to do more for spare parts. Not only seriously affect the tooling manufacturing rapid response, and waste processing time. How to improve the small parts of inclined hole processing technology, ensure that qualified in one time and not super bad. Is the key to my study. 超长小孔的加工:某些钻模板的孔的直径在3.5以下如图一所示,无法用镗刀进行切削加工,只能钻铰出,而且定位基准小,这样的钻套孔不但加工困难,而且位置度精度极难控制。Super-long hole processing: some drill template below the diameter of the hole in the phi 3.5 as shown in figure a, unable to use boring cutter for cutting, drilling and reaming, only small and locating datum, this set of holes machining difficult, not only position and degree of precision is very difficult to control. 不完整孔的加工Incomplete hole processing 有些钻模板上的孔不是完整的孔如图二,缺肉处镗加工让刀总是无法保证孔的位置度公差,镶上钻套后也是超差。Some drill hole on the template is not whole hole as shown in figure 2, the lack of meat processing knife always there is no guarantee that boring place the location of the degree of tolerance, after with drill bushing is also very poor. 超长小孔的加工分析Processing analysis of super long holes 由于超长孔的零件结构原因,其装夹定位基准只能选择6g6定位轴,装夹定位不稳定如图三,容易产生转动而出现零件的2孔位置加工错误超差;而且在零件的左端进行加工时,基准必须转换到左端。由于零件的2孔只能进行钻铰加工,因此产生加工偏差因素很多:诸如零件容易产生转动、基准转换形成的累积误差、钻铰孔产生钻斜现象造成出口的位置度超差等。如果要保证加工合格,就要定位装夹,基准稳定可靠,不产生转动,保证被加工的孔出口首先被加工,也就是出口向上。Because parts of super-long hole structure, the clamping positioning base can only choose to phi 6 g6 positioning shaft, the clamping position is not stable as shown in figure 3, prone to turning machining errors and appear to phi of the 2 holes position error; And on the left end of the parts processing, the benchmark must switch to the left. Due to the parts of the phi 2 holes only for drilling and reaming processing, so many factors produce processing deviation, such as parts prone to rotate, the datum transformation form of cumulative error, drilling and reaming drill phenomenon of oblique position degrees exports super poor. If want to guarantee processing of qualified, will clamping, positioning datum is stable and reliable, does not produce rotation, ensure machining hole outlet are first, also is up for export. 不完整孔的加工分析Incomplete hole processing and analysis 根据图纸来分析,由于零件要求位置度的出口为斜面孔,而5h7大于4mm,是可以用镗刀进行切削加工的,然而在加工孔到不完整处刀具处于一半吃力另一半不吃力状态如图四,实践证明这种孔加工后,不完整孔的中心明显向不完整方向偏移,造成孔中心实际尺寸大于36.90.02,如果特意使尺寸缩小,在保证36.90.02公差时,而30角度超差。要想保证加工合格,就要酱油想办法使不完整的孔趋于完整,使加工过程中不产生因孔的不完整出现的让刀现象,而产生的超差。Location analysis according to the drawings, because the parts requirements for export is inclined faces, and phi h7 is greater than 4 mm, 5 is can use the boring cutter for machining, but to the incomplete cutting tool in machining hole is in a state of half around the other half is not difficult as shown in figure 4, the practice shows that this kind of hole processing, incomplete hole at the center of the apparent shift in the direction of incomplete, causing hole center is greater than the actual size 36.9 0.02 mm, if make the size smaller, specially in 36.9 0.02 mm tolerance, and 30 Angle error. To guarantee processing of qualified, will be to find a way to lead to the complete, incomplete hole machining process hole does not produce due to the incomplete phenomenon of knife, super bad. 超长小孔的加工解决措施Super-long hole processing solutions a)根据加工分析,要想使该零件的定位基准稳定可靠,只有在镗加工之前增加工艺定位基准,加工合格后去除工艺基准。如果对图纸进行改进如图五,点划线左端为加工基准和装夹定位部分,基准b、c并合理安排工序,则保证工艺基准与零件基准一致。A) according to the processing and analysis, to make the parts of the locating datum is stable and reliable, only the positioning base increase before boring processing technology, processing qualified after removing process. If to improve the drawings as shown in figure 5, crossed the left for processing base and the clamping positioning part, benchmark, b, c, and reasonable arrangement of working procedure, guarantees the benchmark process datum and parts. b)为使圆柱体和锥体棱线交点到定位基准面的距离20mm的准确,要在光学仪器上检测工序,确保20mm的误差在0.005之内,保证180.02在972024的锥面上点到基准b距离,计算和加工的准确。B) to make the cylinder and cone ridge distance intersection to locating datum of 20 mm accurately, on the optical instrument testing process, ensure that within a 20 mm of error of plus or minus 0.005, guarantee phi 18 + / - 0.02 in the 97 20 24 in the cone point to the datum b distance, accurate calculation and processing. c)在加工中,首先将零件装夹在万能转盘工作台的旋转中心上,然后安装工艺球在工作台的任意位置,使之与零件中心均在镗床的x轴线垂直面中;测量工艺球中心的高度、与零件中心的距离,并根据工序检测的圆柱体和锥体棱线交点到定位基准面的距离;在万能转盘起度保证被加工孔中心与镗床主轴中心平行如图六。 复合土工膜然后根据上述数据计算出工艺球到被加工孔的距离,找正工艺球后,串距加工,直至合格。根据工艺要求其工艺基准需要在淬火工序后,检查合格方可用线切割去除工艺基准部分,以免过早去除工艺基准而造成无法检测或检测不准确。C) in the processing, the clamping will first part on the universal rotary workbench on the center of rotation, then installation process in the workbenchs arbitrary position, that of the spare parts center in x axis vertical boring machine; Measurement process ball center height, and parts of center distance, and according to the process testing of cylinder and cone ridge distance intersection to positioning datum; In the center of the universal wheel up degree ensure the machining hole and boring machine spindle center parallel as shown in figure 6. Then according to the above data to calculate the process to be machining hole distance, alignment process after the ball, from string processing, until qualified. According to the requirements of the process to benchmark after the quenching process, inspection qualified party available thread cutting part removal process benchmark, in order to avoid premature removal technology benchmark and cause no inspection or inaccurate. 如果增加工艺部分,使不完整的孔达到完整,然后加工,但是随之而来的问题是去除工艺部分零件产生了变形。如果