第九讲—时态(三)老师版.doc

第九讲 时态（三）五、现在完成时（一）知识概要1.定义：现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意2.用法 (1)表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet等副词修饰。-Haveyouhadlunchyet?-Yes,Ihave.Ivejusthadit. 你(已经)吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了) (2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。.Hehastaughtheresince1981 他自1981年就在这儿教书。(可能还要继续教). Ihavetseenherforfouryears. (3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice,ever,never,threetimes等时间状语。 IhavebeentoBeijingtwice. 3.现在完成时的时间状语 (1)现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,lastSunday,in1990,threeyearsago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。 a.用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如：Wehavealreadyfinishedourhomework.我们已完成作业了。 Theyhaventfinishedtheirhomeworkyet.他们还没有完成作业。 b.用ever和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。如：-HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?你曾经去过长城吗？ -IhaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.我从未去过长城。 c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just,before,uptonow,thepastfewyears等。例如：Ihaveseenherbefore,butIcannotrememberwhere. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。 Hehasbeentherethreetimesthelastfewdays. 近几年他去过那里三次了。 d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now,today,thismorning(month,year,term)等。例如：-Haveyoumethimtoday?-No,Ihavent. 今天你见过他吗？我没有。 Howmanytimeshaveyoubeentherethisyear? 今年你去过那里多少次？ (2)现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：Ihaventseenhimfortwoyears.但是，像come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be(在)”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换： arrivebeherebegin(start)beon diebedeadcomebackbeback leavebeawayfallill(sick,asleep)beill(sick,asleep) getupbeupgooutbeout finishbeoverputonwear或beon openbeopenjoinbein或beamemberof closebeclosedgotoschoolbeastudent borrowkeepbuyhave catch(acold)have(acold)gettoknowknow begintostudystudycometoworkwork .Hehasbeenasoldierforthreeyears. .Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears. .Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes. .WehavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears. 4.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较： Ihavelostmynewbook.我把新书丢了。(现在还未找到) Ilostmynewbookyesterday.我昨天把新书丢了。(昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明) 5.几点注意事项 (1)havebeen(to)与havegone(to)的区别：havebeen(to)表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”，可用于各人称；havegone(to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once,never,severaltimes等连用，后者则不能。.TheyhavebeentoBeijingtwice.他们去过北京两次。 .HehasgonetoBeijing.他去北京了。 (2)如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。如：Itistwoyearssincehisfatherdied.=Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.他父亲去世已有三年了。 (3)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。 附表：不规则动词表（1）AAA型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形） cost（花费）costcost shut shut shut cut（割） cutcut spit spit/spat spit/ spat(英)hit（打）hit hit hurt伤害）hurt hurt let（让）letlet put（放）putputread（读）readread(2)AAB型（动词原形与过去式同形） beat（跳动）beatbeaten(3)ABA型（动词原形与过去分词同形） become（变成）becamebecome awake awoke awoken come（来）camecome run（跑）ranrun(4)ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形）dig（挖）dugdug build built builtget（得到）gotgot/gotten catch caught caughthang（吊死）hanged hanged deal dealt dealthang（悬挂）hung hung feed fed fed hold（抓住）heldheld find found foundshine（照耀）shoneshone forbid forbade/forbad forbiddensit（坐）satsat pay paid paidwin（赢）wonwon send sent sentmeet（遇见）metmet shoot shot shotkeep（保持）keptkept tell told toldsleep（睡）sleptslept win won wonsweep（扫）swept swept feel（感觉）feltfeltsmell（闻）smelt/smelled smelt/ smelled leave（离开）leftleft build（建设）builtbuiltlend（借出）lentlent send（传送）sentsentspend（花费）spentspent lose（丢失）lostlostburn（燃烧）burnt burnt learn（学习）learnt learnt mean（意思是）meant meant catch（抓住）caught caughtteach（教）taught taught bring（带来）brought brought fight（战斗）fought fought buy（买）bought bought think（想）thoughtthought hear（听见）heardheardsell（卖）soldsold tell（告诉）toldtoldsay（说）saidsaid find（找到）foundfoundhave/has（有）hadhad make（制造）mademadestand（站）stoodstood understand明白understoodunderstood(5)ABC型（动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形）begin（开始）beganbegun take（取）tooktakendrink（喝）drankdrunk mistake（弄错）mistook mistakenring（铃响）rangrung ride（骑）roderiddensing（唱）sangsung do（做）diddoneswim（游泳）swamswum write（写）wrotewrittenblow（吹）blewblown go（去）wentgonedraw（画）drewdrawn lie（平躺）laylainfly（飞）flewflown see（看见）sawseengrow（生长）grewgrown wear（穿）worewornknow（知道）knewknown be(am,is,are)（是）was,werebeenthrow（投掷）threwthrown show（出示）showedshownbreak（打破）brokebroken choose（选择）chosechosenforget（忘记）forgotforgotten(forgot) bear bore borne/bornspeak（说，讲）spokespoken draw drew drawnwake（醒）wokewoken dream dreamt/ dreamed dreamt/ dreameddrive（驾驶）drovedriven hide hid hiddeneat（吃）ateeaten lay laid laid 放置fall（落下）fellfallen lie lied lied 撒谎give（给）gavegiven lie lay lain 躺rise（升高）roserisen see saw seen shake shook shaken steal stole stolen （二）语法练习一、 单项选择。1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?A. already B.never C.ever D.still3、Have you met Mr Li _？ A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . A.has changed ; well B.changed ; good C.has changed ; better D.changed ; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . A.will see B.have seen C.saw D.see9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ? A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finished C.Have ; done ; have finished D.will ; do ; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made13、How long have you _ here ? About two months . A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . A. is B. has C. will D. was16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . A.has gone B. went C.will go D. has been17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, _? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19、_ has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _ to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 His uncle _ for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university参考答案：一、单项选择。1、B。2、B。3、C4、D。5、C6、C 7、C8、B。9、B。10、B11、D。12、B 13、A 14、C 15、A。16、A。17、A 18、D 19、C 20、C二、用过去时或现在完成时填空：1. “_ you _ (have) lunch ?” “Yes.”“When _ you _ (have) it?”“I _ (have) it at 12:00.”2. “_ you _ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?”“Yes, I _. I _ (write) one last week.”3. “_ he _ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.”4. “_ they ever _ (be) abroad?” “Yes, just once.”5. Your father _ just _ (finish) his work.6. Your father _ (finish) his work just now.7. Last term I _ (learn) many English words.8. They _ (not read) the interesting books yet.9. He _ never _ (go) to the science museum.10. _ you ever _ (drink) coke?11. “_ you _ (buy) a dictionary? “ “Yes, I _ .”“Where _ you _ (buy) it?” “ I _ (buy) it in a bookstore.”“When _ you _ (buy) it?” “ Yesterday.”三、用since和for填空1. _ two years 2._ two years ago 3. _ last month 4._ 19995._ yesterday 6. _ 4 oclock 7. _ 4 hours 8._ an hour ago9. _ we were children 10. _ lunch time 11._ she left here12. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.13. Ive known him _ we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.15. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.16. Its about ten years _ she left the city.四、短暂性动词转换为延续性动词arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw. be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _.2) I moved to the USA last year.I _ _ _ the USA since _ _.3) I went home yesterday.I _ _ _ home for _ _.4) They came here last week.They _ _ here since _ _.come/go back, return be back come/go out be out1) He came out two years ago.He _ _ _ for _ _.2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _.become be1) I became a teacher in 2000.I _ _ a teacher for _ _.2) The river became dirty last year.The river _ _ dirty for _ _.close be closed open be open1) The shop closed two hours ago.The shop _ _ _ for _ _.2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours.get up be up； die be dead； leave sw. be away from sw.fall asleep/get tot sleep be asleep； finish/end be over；marry be married；1) I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.2) He left Fuzhou just now.He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.6) They married in 1990.They _ _ _since _.start/begin to do sth. do sth. ；begin be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.I _ _ at this school since _.2) The film began two minutes ago.The film _ _ _ for _ _.borrow keep； lose not have ；buy have ；put on wearcatch/get a cold have a cold； get to know know1) They borrowed it last week.They _ _ it since _ _.2) I bought a pen two hours ago.I _ _ a pen for _ _.3) I got to know him last year.I _ _ him since _ _.4) I put on my glasses three years ago.I _ _ my glasses for _ _.have/has gone to have been inHe has gone to Beijing.He _ _ _ Beijing for two days.join the league/the Party/the army be a league/a Party member/a soldier be a member of the league/the Party be in the league/the Party/the army1) He joined the league in 2002.He _ _ a _ _ for two years.He _ _ a _ _ the _ for two years.He _ _ _ the league for two years.2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _ _ a _ for _ _.My brother _ _ in _ _ for two years.五、用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。A: Where _ Li Fei _? B: He _ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ he _ there? B: He _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know? B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place?B: He _ there only once.六、综合练习:I. 用never, ever, already, yet, for, since填空1. I hav