模块5 unit3知识点讲解.doc

Module 5 Unit 3 单词: 1. announce vt. 宣布，宣告 announce sth. to sb. = announce to sb. sth. 向某人宣布某事The government announced the plan to the media.=The government announced to the media the plan.announcement n. 宣告, 发表, 公告, 告示 make an announcement to sb. announcer n. 广播员, 告知者, 报幕员比较: announce / declare：announce 指对公众或特定的一群关心的人进行宣布或提前预告。Everyone was silent as he announced the winner of the competition.declare 指官方的正式宣告。This powerful country declared war on that small country.2. normal1) adj. 正常的, 正规的, 标准的, 典型的, 一般的 normal English normal temperature 正常体温 lead a normal life 过着正常的生活 2) n. 常态， 通常标准，一般水平 above normal 标准之上 below normal 标准之下 return to normal 恢复正常3. praise 1) vt. 赞扬, 歌颂, 称赞 praise sb. for sth. 因某事而赞美/称赞某人2) n. 赞扬, 赞美的话, 赞美, 荣耀, 称赞win high praise 赢得高度赞扬 beyond all praises 赞美不尽的，赞不绝口的in praise of 赞扬（某人）He gave a speech in praise of school life. 他做了一个赞美学校生活的演讲。be loud in ones praise 对某人极力称赞sing high praise of sb. = praise sb. highly 高度赞扬某人4. intend vt. 打算；想要；计划intend to do sth: mean to do sth / plan to do sthI had intended to call on you yesterday, but there was an unexpected visitor.=I intended to have called on you yesterday, but there was an unexpected visitor. My father intended me to become an ended adj. 打算中的，预期的 the intended purpose 原来的目的produce intended result 产生预期的结果an intended insult 蓄意的侮辱 ones intended wife 未婚妻 intention n. 意图, 目的It was not my intention that she should suffer. 我没有要她吃苦的念头without intention 无意地 by intention=on purpose 故意地He went to Paris with the intention of learning French.他带着学法语的目的去了法国。5. desperate adj. 1) 绝望的，孤注一掷的，不惜冒险的, 不顾一切的, 拼命的 Her illness is desperate, but not hopeless.治好她的病希望不大，但并不是绝望的.His failure made him desperate. 他因失败而铤而走险。2) be desperate for sth. / to do sth. 非常需要的， 极想的，极度渴望的The man lost in the desert was desperate for water.在沙漠中迷失方向的人极度渴望得到水。6. adopt vt. 收养，领养；采用，采纳（议案、意见等） They adopted a neighbours boy. Can you adopt my new idea? adopt measures 采取措施 adopt new methods 采用新办法adopt an idea 采纳意见 adopt a resolution 通过一项议案 an adopted son 养子 adopted words 外来词7. relate vt. 1) 讲；叙述 relate sth. to sb. 向某人讲述某事I related my adventure to my family. 我向家人讲述了我的奇遇。2) 和相关，把与关联起来 （常与to连用） relate two ideas 把两种观点联系起来看 relate A to B 将 A和B联系起来 Can you relate what happened in your childhood to your present state of mind? be related to 与有关联；与有联系 relative adj. 有关系的，相对的 n. 亲戚，亲属8. while conj.1) 当的时候，和同时（while引导的从句要表示一段时间） John came in while I was typing a letter. 当我正在用打字机打一封信时，约翰进来了。 2) 然而，虽然，尽管 While he was hated by others, I liked him. 他虽受人恨， 但我却喜欢他。While English can be difficult to learn, it is a very useful tool for communication. 9. benefit 1) n. 利益，好处； be of benefit to=be beneficial to 对有裨益 It is said Yogo is of great benefit to human health.据说瑜咖功对人体健康有极大好处。for the benefit of 为了的利益I did it for his benefit. 我做这个是为了帮助他。2) vt. & vi. 有益于benefit sb./sth. 有益于某人/某物 benefit from/by 从中获益 The plants benefited from the rain. 植物得益于这场雨。We benefit from daily exercises. 我们得益于每天做操。10. deliver vt. delivery n.deliver sb. from danger 救某人脱险 deliver sth. to sb. 把某物交付给某人deliver a message 传话 deliver a letter 送信 deliver a speech/ a lecture/ a report 发表演说/演讲/做报告be delivered of a baby 生下孩子 The baby was delivered by a nurse. 11.consequence n. in consequence=as a result 结果 in consequence of =as a result of由于-的缘故12. comment 1) v. 评论；注释；批评 comment on/upon- 对.做出评价 Everyone commented on her new hat. 大家都在评论她的新帽子。He commented on the bad road. 他评论这条糟糕的路。2) n. 评论，议论， 解释 make/give comments on- 对.做出评价 He made a comment on the bad road. 他对这条糟糕的路发表评论。13. puzzle 1) vt. (使)迷惑, (使)为难, 迷惑不解 This letter puzzles me. 这封信使我迷惑不解。 It puzzles me why she said that. 她为什么那样说使我很困惑。puzzle out 想出；解开He puzzled out the significance of the statement. 他解释了这一论断的意义2) n. 难题；难解之事；谜；测验智力的玩具（或问题）Its a puzzle where all my money goes each week.我每星期的钱都到哪儿去了是一个难解的问题。a crossword puzzle 纵横填字游戏puzzled adj. 困惑的；迷惑不解的He had a puzzled look on his face. 他脸上有一丝感到困惑的表情。Im still puzzled as to why she said that.至于她为什么那样说我仍然感到困惑。Im a bit puzzled that I havent heard from Tom for so long. 我很久没有收到Tom的来信，我感到有点困惑。Im puzzled about what to do next. 下一步该怎么办,我心里还没数哩。 puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的, 莫名其妙的; 使为难的; 费解的; a rather puzzling film a puzzling situation14. cautious adj. 谨慎的；非常小心的；细心的 a cautious approach 一个谨慎的方法 be cautious of - 留意, 谨防- cautiously adv. 慎重地caution n.小心, 谨慎, 警告We need to proceed with caution. 我们需要谨慎前进.15. worth adj.值钱的, 值得的be worth sth. Our house is worth about 200 000. 我们的房子价值20万英镑.I think this matter is worth our attention. 我认为这件事值得我们注意.A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. 两鸟在林，不如一鸟在手。Its worth the money. =Its good value for the money.be worth it 值得化费时间/精力, 值得一干, 有必要 be (well) worth doing sth. (很) 值得做某事 Theres nothing worth reading in this newspaper. 这张报纸上没什么值得读的。It isnt worth waiting for him. = He isnt worth waiting for. 不值得等他。 worthless adj.无价值的，无用的 反义词: invaluable adj. 无价的；其价值无法衡量的 priceless adj. 无价的, 极贵重的16. worthy adj.值得.的; 应该.的1) 后跟of加名词。be worthy of sth. The acts are worthy of punishment. 这些行为应该受处分。 He is a man worthy of praise. 他是一个值得称赞的人。 They will prove worthy of the Partys trust. 他们不会辜负党对他们的信任。2) 后跟动词不定式。be worthy to do sth. He is worthy to have a place in the team. 他配成为该球队的队员。3) 后跟不定式的被动语态。be worthy to be done The man is worthy to be praised. 这个人值得称赞。 This book is worthy to be read. 这本书值得一读。4) 后跟of 加动名词的被动语态。be worthy of being done The man is worthy of being praised. 这个人值得称赞。 This book is worthy of being read. 这本书值得一读。 短语： a worthy cause 正义的事业 a worthy life 有价值的生活a worthy man 高尚的人 a worthy gentleman 可敬的先生a worthy opponent 劲敌17. worthwhile adj. 值得做的, 值得出力的a worthwhile job 值得做的工作 Its worthwhile doing sth. /to do sth. 做某事是值得的。译：这个问题值得讨论。 1) The question is worth discussing. 2) The question is worthy of discussion.3) The question is worthy to be discussed. 4) The question is worthy of being discussed. 5) Its worthwhile discussing the question. 6) Its worthwhile to discuss the question. 7) Discussing/To discuss the question is worthwhile.18. advance 1) n. 前进；进展His advance was slow. 他的前进速度缓慢。in advance 预先, 提前You must pay for the book in advance. 你必须预先付书的钱。in advance of- （时间上）在.前；（发展上）超前People left in advance of the hurricane. 人们在飓风到来之前离开了。Galileos ideas were well in advance of the age in which he lived. 伽利略的思想远远超越了他所处的时代。2) v. 前进，进展，推进 The troops advanced. 部队向前开进。The work is not advancing. 工作没有进展。advance to a higher position 提升到较高的职位 advanced adj. 先进的，高级的 advanced technology 先进技术 advanced mathematics 高等数学19. involve vt. 1) 涉及，包括 All the children were involved in the school play.所有的孩子都参加了学校排练的剧。This lesson involves a lot of work. 这一课需要做的工作有很多。2) 牵涉；拖累；使陷入（常与in连用）involve sb. in (doing) sth. 使某人参与某活动或陷入某情况； 使某人陷入（困境）Dont involve other people in your trouble. 不要把别人牵涉进你的麻烦中去。be involved in sth. 与.有关联; 被卷入; 包含在.; 专心地(做)be involved in trouble 卷入纠纷 be involved in disaster 陷入不幸He was involved in working out a plan. 他专心致志地制订计划。 be involved with sb. 与某人有关系的20. conclude vt.1) 总结，下结论，断定；The doctor concluded that the patients disease was cancer.医生断定病人患的是癌症。The judge concluded that the accused was guilty. 法官判定被告有罪。It is hard to conclude. 这很难断定。2)（经讨论后）决定；We concluded not to wait any more. 我们决定不再等待了。3) 订立， 达成（协议）They concluded (a) peace. 他们缔结和约。4) 结束conclude a speech结束演说The meeting concluded at ten oclock. 会议于十点钟结束。 conclusion n. 结论, 结束, 缔结 in conclusion 最后，总之 draw a conclusion 得出结论 make a conclusion 作出一个总结21. urge1) vt. 敦促，催促，力劝 urge sb. to do sth. , urge sb. into doing sth. 催促/ 鼓励某人做某事He urged her to rest. 他催促她休息。urge against 极力反对 urge on 推进 urge sth. on sb. 向某人极力陈述某事 2) n. 迫切要求；强烈欲望I had an urge to see him. 我迫切希望见到他。He has an urge to become a cinema star. 他渴望当一名电影明星。22. seek vt. & vi. (sought, sought) 征求，寻求；探索，探寻I will seek my doctors advice. 我将征求医生的意见。We sought an answer to the question, but couldnt find one.我们寻求这个问题的答案，可是没能找到。23. resistant adj. 抵抗的，有抵抗力的（常与to连用） be resistant to sth. 抵抗某事24. consider vt., vi.1) 考虑；思考 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事I am considering going abroad. 我正在考虑出国。 Let me consider. 让我考虑一下。We must consider the feelings of other people. 我们必须顾及他人的感情。2) 认为；以为We consider that the driver is not to blame.我们认为这不是司机的过错。 We consider it (to be ) true.=(We consider that it is true.)我们认为这是真实的。I considered him (as) a rascal. 我认为他是个流氓。I consider it (as) a great honor. 我认为这是极大的荣幸。25. concentrate vt., vi. 集中（注意力、思想等） concentrate on sth. 集中精神在某事上 concentrate on doing sth. 集中精神做某事Concentrate on your work. 集中精神工作。A driver should concentrate on the road when driving.开车时驾驶员的注意力要集中在路上。 concentrate ones attention on- 把注意力集中在-26. spell vt. 拼写； 招致，带来 Can you spell the new word? Delay spells losses. 拖延招致损失。spell disaster for sb. 为某人带来灾难 The lack of rain could spell disaster for farmers. 雨水缺乏会给农民带来灾难。spell out 费力了解； 详细解释It took the boy an hour to spell out a page of German.那男孩花了一小时才吃力读懂一页德文。Would you spell out the text for me? 请你给我详细解释一下课文吗？27. blame vt. 责备，归咎。 blame sb. for sth.= blame sth. on sb. 因某事责备某人（ 归咎某事与某人） He blamed his teacher for his failure. =He blamed his failure on his teacher.他把他的失败归咎于他的老师。be to blamed for- 应受责备，谴责（ 主动结构表被动含义）Who is to blame for starting the fire? 火灾引起应由谁负责？He is not to blame for the accident. 这事故不应由他负责。 28. lengthen 变长;延伸;转为(into)Summer lengthens (out)into autumn. 夏去秋来。The shadows lengthens .天色渐黑。/ 年纪渐老。/ 死期已至。形容词和名词后加en构成动词, 表示 “做, 使成为, 使变成” 如:deepen 加深; 深化 broaden 放宽; 变宽; 扩大; 加宽darken (使)变暗; (使)变黑 sharpen 削尖; 磨快; 尖锐soften(使)变柔软; strengthen 加强;巩固形容词和名词前加en构成动词, 表示 “使成某种状态； 致使；使成” 如;enlarge使扩大, 放大 enable使能够encourage 使有勇气, 鼓励 encircle 作成一圈,环绕enrich 使富有 endanger使危险29. affect vt. 影响，感动The climate affected his health. 气候影响了他的健康。He was much affected by the sad news. 这个悲伤的消息难过。 effect n. 影响，效果。 have an effect on- 对-有影响。 influence vt. 影响（长期的影响）短语：1. on (the) one hand, on the other (hand) 一方面-，另一方面- at hand 在手边，在附近 by hand 亲手，手工 in hand 手头现有的，正在进行，在处理中 hand in hand手拉手 Hands off! 请勿动手！不许干涉 Hands up! 举起手来2. point out 指出 He pointed out my mistake. 他指出我的错误。 point to （远）指向 point at （近）指着，某人或某物 He pointed at/ to a picture. point at 对准，瞄准(某人用枪对准某人某物等) They pointed at her head but she was not afraid. point to 表明，指向(主语为证据、时针以及宾语为某一方向时。) The evidence points to him as the criminal.The hands of the clock pointed to half past three. All the signs point to a successful year ahead.3. on ones /the way to doing sth. “正在做某事的过程中”。 to是介词, 后接名词、代词或动名词 on ones/the way to 在去的途中 by the way 顺便问问，顺便说说by way of- 途经- in a way 在某种意义上，在某种程度上in ones /the way 挡路 in this way 用这种方式4. interfere with -干涉，介入, 干扰; 妨碍; 乱动 I dont want to interfere with you. Proceed with your work.我不想打扰你了,你继续工作吧。5. in general 1) usually, mainly, in most situation 一般来说Children in general are fond of candy. 一般来说，孩子们都喜欢糖果。 2) =as a whole 总体说来，总体而言 In general, I agree with you. 总的说来，我赞成你的意见。in a general way 一般，通常 as a general rule 在一般情况下6.break through 突破 At dawn, 300 tanks broke through the enemy lines. 在黎明，300辆坦克突破了敌人的防线。 breakthrough n. 突破 make/achieve a great breakthrough in- 在-方面取得重大突破 Surgeons have made a great breakthrough in the kidney transplantation.外科医生在肾移植方面上已经区的重大突破。7. push ahead with- 推行, 推进-It is hard to push ahead with such an unpopular policy.这样一个不得人心的政策很难推行下去的。go ahead with- 继续-8. turn out 结果,证明 （后接形容词, 不定式, 从句）It was difficult time, but eventually things turned out fine.那是一个艰难的时期， 但最终结果很好。I hope everything will turn out all right . 我希望一切都会好的。The cake turned out beautiful. 蛋糕最后做出来很漂亮。That guy turned out to be my friends brother. 结果那家伙是我朋友的弟弟。The rookie turned out to be the best hitter on the team.这位新手证明是队里最出色的击球员。固定结构：It turns/ turned out that- 结果-To my surprise, it turned out that I was wrong. 令我惊讶的是， 结果我错了。What he said turned out right.=What he said turned out to be right. =It turned out that what he said was right. 他说的话证明是对的。turn out 还表示 “关掉；生产，产出；聚集”等。 如：He turned out the light and went out of the room.他关掉灯走出了房间。A large group of protesters have turned out. 一大群抗议者聚集到了一起。The assembly line is turning out cars. 流水线上正在生产小汽车。9. end up in sth. /with sth. end up doing sth. 以.结束/告终If you go on like this, you will end up in prison. 如果你继续像这样,你最终会坐牢的。10. in place 在通常的位置，在适当的位置I like everything to be in place. 我喜欢一切放在（本来应放的）地方。 put - in place 准备就绪，布置妥当out of place在错误的位置；在不适当的位置in place of, in ones place , take the place of 代替，替代Who will go there in my place? 谁将代替我去那儿？11. for sale 供售，待售，出售 Im sorry. The house is not for sale. 对不起，这房子不卖。 on sale 出售，上市 Tickets are on sale from the booking office. 票在售票处卖。 All video equipment is on sale today and tomorrow. 所有的音像设备今明两天降价出售12. come across 碰到，遇见，发现 同义词组:run across, run into, meet withcome about 发生 come to 达到，总计 come on 加油，快点 come over 过来 come up 走上前，走过来 come out 出来，（花）开放，出版， 13. succeed in doing sth. =be successful in doing sth. = have success in doing sth.= manage to do sth. 成功地做某事（反义词组: fail to do sth.）I didnt succeed in my first lecture. I didnt succeed as a teacher.= I had no success as a teacher.14. figure out 想出，理解，明白; 记算出，演算出I cant figure out why he did it. 我不能理解他为什么做这件事。We must figure out how to solve the problem. 我们必须想出解决这个问题的办法。I couldnt figure out who the lady with the sunglasses was.我想不出那位戴墨镜的夫人是谁。Can you figure out the answer to question 5?你能算出第五个问题的答案吗?figure作名词用表示 “人像；人影；体态；数字；名人”I could see a tall figure near the door. 我可以看见门附近有一个高大的人影。What a fine figure of a man! 一个身材多棒的男人!Write the number in words and in figures. 用文字和阿拉伯数字写出这个数。He was a great figure in history. 他是历史上的大人物。15. follow in ones footsteps, follow in the footsteps of sb. 追寻某人的足迹 He has hopes of following in the footsteps of Yang Liwei and becoming an astronaut. 他希望追寻杨利伟的足迹，成为一名宇航员。 16. in favour of - “赞同，支持” ， 后接名词、代词或动名词。 We are in favour of the reform. 我们赞成改革。 I talked to my friend about it, and hes all in favour of giving up the plan. 我和我的朋友谈过，他完全赞同放弃计划。 17. meet ones needs, meet the needs of sb. 满足某人的要求 We will buy more computers to meet the needs of the students.18. be concerned about/ for - 担心，担忧-Dont be concerned about me. 不要为我担心。We are all concerned about her safety. 我们都担心她的安全。19. be concerned about/ with - 关切，关注-，关心-，对-感兴趣When watching football match, were more concerned with the players than the results