双语：新鲜果蔬该怎么洗？.doc

双语：新鲜果蔬该怎么洗？新鲜果蔬该怎么洗？ Burning Question / Does Rinsing Fruit Make A Difference?People are eating more raw and organically grown fruits and vegetables these days. And that has many consumers concerned whether they are properly cleaning their produce. Michael Doyle, a professor of food microbiology at the University of Georgia and director of its Center for Food Safety, offers his opinion on how to wash fresh food - and whether its OK to rub an apple on your shirt.现在人们生吃的有机水果和蔬菜越来越多。这使很多消费者担心自己是否把这些蔬果洗干 了。多伊尔(Michael Doyle)是佐治亚大学(University of Georgia)食品微生物学教授及该校食品安全中心(Center for Food Safety)主任，他就如何清洗新鲜食品以及是否可以把苹果在衬衫擦一擦给出了他的看法。Harboring Enemies隐匿的风险When it comes to anything plucked from the produce aisle, Dr. Doyle says there are two main concerns - pesticides, which he doesnt worry much about, and microorganisms, which he does. There have been lots of studies done by the government showing that pesticide contaminant tends to be at levels that are below health concerns,he says.多伊尔表示，新鲜蔬果主要有两个令人担心的问题，其一是农药，对此他不太担心，其二是微生物，他很担心这个。多伊尔称，已经有很多项政府研究显示，农药污染物一般都低于引发公共卫生关注的水平。The more serious threat is microorganisms, especially salmonella, listeria and certain strains of E. coli. These sicken more consumers as a result of eating fruits and vegetables than eating meat or poultry, he says. The bacteria are sometimes spread through contaminated irrigation water and can settle on the surface of fresh produce, particularly those with layered leaves.他表示，更严重的威胁是微生物，尤其是沙门氏菌、李斯特菌和大肠杆菌的某些变种。由于这些微生物的存在，因生食水果蔬菜而致病的人数比吃肉类或禽类而致病的人数更多。这些细菌有时通过受污染的灌溉水传播，可能停留在新鲜农产品的表面，尤其是那些有多层叶片的蔬果。Washing produce with tap water should help reduce residual pesticides and any dirt on the surface, where listeria and other bacteria often harbor,he says. But if harmful bacteria are present deep in the leafy greens that have been cut, the extra washing you do at home isnt going to help,he says.多伊尔称，用自来水清洗农产品应当有助于降低农药残留和去除农产品表面的灰尘，李斯特菌和其他细菌常常附着在灰尘中。但如果有害细菌存在于被剪切下来的绿叶菜深处，你在家里进行的额外清洗工作就没什么作用了。In the Bag袋装蔬果Even when bagged lettuce says its been double washed, microorganisms that make their way into the water at the processing facility can spread onto whatever is being washed, Dr. Doyle says. Also, once the lettuce or spinach has been cut, surface microbes can become entrapped within the leaf itself. When that happens, there is no washing it out, no matter what you do,says Dr. Doyle. This may be one reason why bag salads and cut greens have been some of the biggest culprits in spreading foodborne illnesses recently.多伊尔表示，即使袋装生菜的袋子上写着生菜已被清洗过两次，进入生菜加工设施的水中的微生物还是能够扩散到任何被清洗的东西上。同时，在生菜或菠菜被剪切下来的同时，其表面微生物就可能进入叶子内部。他不是，如果出现这种情况，无论你怎么做都不可能将细菌洗掉了。袋装沙拉和切好的绿叶菜最近成为传播食物中毒疾病的最大罪魁，这可能就是原因之一。He recommends consumers buy heads of lettuce instead of cut, bagged lettuce. Remove the outer leaves, wash your hands, then rinse the remaining leaves,he says. Fresh herbs, like basil, rosemary, cilantro and parsley, also should be washed. And keep fresh produce away from other bacteria carriers, like raw chicken.多伊尔建议，消费者购买整棵的生菜，而不是切好的袋装生菜。他表示，去除外层的菜叶，然后洗手，再冲洗其余的菜叶。罗勒、迷迭香、香菜和欧匠等新鲜香草也应当清洗。同时还让将新鲜蔬果远离生鸡肉等其他细菌载体。Extra Precautions额外防范Homemade cleansing solutions with bleach, vinegar or lemon juice are fine for bathing fruits and vegetables, though Dr. Doyle says they arent likely to kill all harmful bacteria or microorganisms present. Store-bought produce washes have been shown to eliminate even more bacteria and microbes, but a good 20-second wash under the tap should be sufficient for most uncut produce. Any longer wont make much of a difference,says Dr. Doyle. Neither will higher temperature, since getting the water hot enough to destroy bacteria will wilt the lettuce.用漂白剂、醋或柠檬汁等的洗涤液都适用于清洗水果和蔬菜，但多伊尔称，它们也不太可能杀死全部有害细菌或微生物。从商店购买的蔬果洗涤液已经被证明可去除更多的细菌和微生物，但对大多数未经剪切的蔬果来说，以流水冲洗20秒就足够了。他表示，再洗更长时间也不会有太大的区别。提高水温也用处不大，因为如果水温高到足以杀死细菌的程度，生菜就会被烫蔫了。A trusty method to ensure clean produce: peeling. Removing the outer peel has been one of the strategies for avoiding illnesses when visiting foreign countries for a long time,says Dr. Doyle. And it can apply at home.确保蔬果清洁的一个可信方法是削皮。多伊尔表示，长期以来，在外国旅游时去除蔬果外皮是避免生病的办法之一。这个办法在家里也适用。Risky Business风险不可小视Small amounts of bacteria in food wont affect most people, whose bodies usually fight off minor infections. But older or very young people, and pregnant women, are at greater risk and should always wash produce carefully before eating. Dr. Doyle recommends everyone avoid eating alfalfa and bean sprouts unless they are cooked. Because of the way they are grown and washed, you cannot be sure that they are not harmful,he says. I like bean sprouts, and I eat them, but only after theyve been put into a boiling bowl of Vietnamese phosoup.食物中含有少量细菌对大部分人都不会产生影响，人体通常能够抵抗轻微的感染。但老人、小孩和孕妇面临的风险较大，务必要在食用生的蔬果前仔细清洗。多伊尔建议，所有人都应当避免食用生的的苜蓿和豆芽。他表示，鉴于这两种蔬菜的种植和清洗方式，无法确保它们是无害的。多伊尔称，他喜欢吃豆芽，但只有在豆芽被放进滚烫的越南河粉汤里煮熟后再吃。The dietary benefits of eating fresh fruit and vegetables are high, but assuring that the produce is free of microbes is also essential. I always rinse my produce under the tap,says Dr. Doyle. As for that old-school method of rubbing an apple on ones shirt? There have been studies that show that the fr