动画专业英语2015.doc

目 录1. 动画及特点 Animation and its Characteristics2. 动画史 Animation and History3. 动画种类 Types and Animation4. 动画风格 Styles and Animation5. 动画艺术家Animation Artists6. 动画工作室Animation Studio7. 动画片介绍Animation Film8. 动画节Animation Festival9. 动画剧本写作Animation Script Writing10. 中间画 Inbetween11. 色彩与材质 Color and Material12. 运动 Motion13. 镜头入门 Film Camera14. 合成 Composting15. 动画软件 Animation Software16. 动画市场Animation Market17. 动画产业Animation Industry18. 动画产品Animation Products19. 动画技术应用 Applied AnimationLesson one Animation and its CharacteristicsText Animation comes from the Latin word animare which means to give life to. This is what our animators do. They create characters and bring them to life. Whether a spoon, a dog or a person, all characters take on human mannerisms. In the English language animation is mostly associated with the work of filmmakers. Animation refers to the process in which each frame of a film or movie is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to model (see claymation), and then photographing the result. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement. Generating such a film is very labor intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process. Now, people believe animation is good for:l Illustrating processes.l Describing things not possible in real word.l Summarizing complex real-word events.New words7Latin n.拉丁文,拉丁语animator n.动画师character n.角色，人物mannerism n. 特殊习惯associated adj. 关联的；联合的frame n. 格，画面 produce v.创作;引起individually adv. 个别地，单独地generate vt. 生产graphic n. 图形image n. 图像model n. 模型string v. 排成一排illusion n. 幻想，错觉continuous adj. 连续的intensive adj.强烈的labour intensive 劳动密集型，劳动强度大的tedious adj. 乏味的development n. 发展illustrate v. 阐释，图解summarize v. 概括complex adj.复杂的Practice1. Make judgments according to the text.(1) Animation comes from a Latin word.(2) Now animation means a kind of film.(3) Animation is good to describe something abstract.2. Translate into Chinese(1) Whether a spoon, a dog or a person, all character take on human mannerisms. (2) Animation refers to the process in which each frame of a film or movie is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to model (see claymation), and then photographing the result.(3) Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process.3. Translate into English.（1）小城的建筑呈现出拉丁风格。（2）我要成为一名动画师。（3）动画片每格24秒。（4）电脑动画提高了动画片生产的速度。Lesson two Animation HistoryText The history of animation that most people are familiar with is the Disney version. You can clearly see that to this point. There were many people and studios that came before Disney. But the influence of the Disney animated films should not be understated. Disney designed a character called Mortimer Mouse. He later changed the name to Mickey. They produced two silent films with Mickey, but it was their third that was actually released first. The third film was “Steamboat Willie”, which not only made Mickey a star, but also was the very first sound cartoon. The Golden Age of animation is generally considered to be the period between 1937 and the late 1950s. During this time the studios produced some of the best and funniest cartoon of all time. Disney continued to make animated features, but also short cartoon with Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, Goofy. In 1960s, people were staying home more for their entertainment than going out. This created a new demand, but required a new kind of studio, one that could produce a lot more animation in much shorter time. Television took off. 1n 1977, the world changed with “Star Wars”. This really ushered in the age of the special effects. Much like Disney did in 1930s, people invested a lot of energy and money into R&D, and greatly improved the quality and quantity of animated visual effects. Computers animation also took off. The original CG studios and animation for commercials, and flying logos for network TV. And as the computer hardware dropped in price, newer CG studios came to take their place. Studios like Pixar and Blue Sky began during this time. Also, in the late 1980s personal computers were becoming more capable, and the first desktop CG animation tools started coming out. Most of todays 3D tools can be traced back to these programs. NotesPixar 皮克斯 Star War 星球大战 ET 外星人 R&D 研发工作New Wordsversion n.译文，版本 studios n.工作室influence n. 影响，感应，感化understate v.保守地说，轻描淡写release v.释放，发行steamboat n.蒸汽船entertainment n. 娱乐，娱乐表演，款待demand n.需求 usher v.引导，展示 invest 投资quantity n. 数量visual adj.视觉的original adj. 最初的，独创的，新颖的commercial n.（广播，电视的）广告logo n. 标志trace v. 追踪，探索，上溯Practice 1. Make judgements according to the text(1) Disney is the first animation producer.(2) Steamboat is the first film with Mickey.(3) Golden age of animation is between 1937 and 1950s.(4) In the 1960s, TV animation show became popular.(5) Computer has greatly improved the quality and quantity of animated visual effects.2. Translate into Chinese.(1) The third film was “Steamboat Willie”, which not only made Mickey a star, but also was the very first sound cartoon.(2) Disney continued to make animated features, but also short cartoon with Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, Goofy.(3) In 1960s, people were staying home more for their entertainment than going out.(4) And as the computer hardware dropped in price, newer CG studios came to take their place.(5) Also, in the late 1980s personal computers were becoming more capable, and the first desktop CG animation tools started coming out.3. Translate into English.（1）不仅孩子们，就连大人们也喜欢动画片（2）他不仅喜欢动画片，而且喜欢游戏。（3）中国动画发展很快（4）没有人能够替代迪斯尼在动画史上的位置。（5）中国动画的发展是不容低估的。Lesson Three Types of Animation Text The cutout style, represented most notably by Monty Python and South Park, involves cutting actors and scenes out of paper, jointing or overlaying them, and capture the movement frame-by-frame. However, the digital age has made this tedious process obsolete. This more obscure, but still useful (since theres no digital equivalent) style of animation involves the manipulate the sand using tools or your fingers, and then photograph the individual frames with a camera, either film of video. You can also drop the sand on a sheet of glass and place that on top of scanner. This method gives you a “flatter” look, since the images are captured from below. This method uses uses monochromatic sand, but colored sand may also be used. You can also try paint for a similar technique, especially if you use oils, which take a long time to dry. You can then manipulate the image over a numbers of days. In clay animation, each object is sculpted in clay or a similarly pliable material such as plasticine and then arranged on the set. a shot is taken and then the object or character is moved slightly again. To achieve the best result, a consistent shooting environment is needed to maintaining the illusion of continuity. This means paying special attention to maintaining consistent lighting and object placement. Producing a clay animation is extremely laborious. Normal film runs at 24 frames per second, so this process must be repeated 24 times for each second of finished animation. As an example of the labor intensiveness of claymation, the feature length animation Chicken Run took a production team of 300 people 2 years to complete. Note1. digital age 数字化时代2. Chicken Run 小鸡快跑New Wordscutout n.剪纸图画represent v.表现，描绘，代表notably adv显著地，明显地involve v. 包括，使陷入joint v.连接overlay v.覆盖digital v.捕捉tedious adj.沉闷的obsolete adj.过时的obscure adj.晦涩的，模糊地equivalent n.相等物manipulation n. 操纵，处理scanner n. 扫描仪flatter v. 胜过实物monochromatic adj.单色的sculpt v.雕刻，造型pliable adj.圆滑柔韧的plasticine n. 橡皮泥arrange v. 安排slightly adv.细微地consistent adj. 一致的，调和的continuity n. 连贯性extremely adv.极端地laborious adj.艰苦的，费力的Practice 1. Make judgements according to the text(1) Cutout style is still important.(2) Cutout style becomes easier during the digital ages.(3) You can use video to produce a sand animation.(4) Clay animation is filmed frame by frame.(5) Clay animation can be produced very easily.2. Translate into Chinese.(1) You can also drop the sand on a sheet of glass and place that on top of scanner.(2) You can also try paint for a similar technique, especially if you use oils, which take a long time to dry.(3) This means paying special attention to maintaining consistent lighting and object placement.(4) Normal film runs at 24 frames per second, so this process must be repeated 24 times for each second of finished animation.3. Translate into English. （1）剪纸动画片在中国很受欢迎。（2）粘土动画制作起来费时费力。（3）现在很多人制作电脑动画。Lesson Four Styles of Animation Text What are manga and anime? There is no short answer. Many people might say “Manga are Japanese comics, and anime is the Japanese version of animation. Anime is usually, but not always, the animated version of popular manga.” Thats partially true, but it can be misleading. First of all, though an outsider might think Japan “stole” comics from the West, this id not true. Some aspect of manga are taken from the West, but its main features, such as simple lines and stylized features, are distinctly Japanese. It may be that Chinese art had more influence than Western.Secondly, Japanese manga and anime come in all types, for the sorts of people. Unlike the U.S., which generally seems to believe that “comics” are for kids”, Japanese manga-ka (manga writer) for everyone from innocent young children to men. And, not surprisingly, much of Japanese manga and anime includes scenes of students in class of doing homework, or of people working in their offices while the U.S. (on childrens TV) seems determined to run away from such realities of life.A third major difference is the unique Japanese manga and anime style, which is distinctive and fairly easy to recognize. This is not to say the style is limiting. Within this broad common stylistic ground, each manga artists technique is distinct and unique. The stereotype is of character with huge hair and large eyes, but there are many, many variations. And, of course, there is less emphasis on the “superhero”. Even in words that exist in the far future, or long ago, the reader is drawn into a 3-dimensional character, one who is far from perfect, one who has stupid little habits or major character flaws, and who is has hopes and dreams that readers can sympathize with. Unlike some American super heroes, who often seem to just go around defeating Evil, Japanese characters usually have other goals in life that play large themes within their lives. I heard recently that manga and anime are “character oriented”, the more I think about it, the more I think this is the right description. Characters arent forced into plots, like a foot into a too-tight shoes; instead, stories grow out of the characters. The heart of manga and anime is in hearts of the characters.The best manga and anime are true gems that should not be missed-little portals into other worlds that will entertain, educate, and delight. Note Manga 漫画（日文音）Manga-ka 漫画作者（日文音）Superhero 超级英雄New Words26Popular adj.流行的，受欢迎的Partially adv.部分地misleading adj.令人误解的outsider n.外行人features n.特征，特色stylized adj.程式化的distinctly 清楚地，显然地innocent adj.天真无知的，清白的determine adj.下定决心的major adj.主修的，主要的，专业unique adj.独特的，唯一的distinctive adj.独特的，与众不同的fairly adv.相当地recognize v.辨识，公认limiting adj.限制的stylistic adj.风格的technique n.技术stereotype n.老一套，固定形式variation n.变体emphasis v.强调exist v.存在dimensional adj.维度的，空间的flaw n.缺点，瑕疵sympathize 同情，共鸣，同感defeat v.打败evil n.邪恶theme n.主题，主旋律oriented adj.导向的description n.描述plot n.情节tight adj.紧的instead adv.相反地gem n.珍宝，精华portal n. 入口delight v.使高兴Practice 1. Make judgements according to the text(1) Mmanga has noting to do with Western comics. N (2) American seem to believe that comics are for kids. Y(3) Manga and anime are good at creating characters.Y(4) Japanese manga style is unique and easy to recognize. Y2. Translate into Chinese.(1) Anime is usually, but not always, the animated version of popular manga.日本动画常常，但并非总是流行漫画的动画版本。(2) Some aspects of manga are taken from the West, but its main features are distinctly Japanese.一些日本漫画的特征来源于西方，但是，主要的特征还是显然的日本风格。(3) The U.S. (on children TV) seems determined to run away from such realities in distinct and unique.美国（儿童电视）看起来决心远离这样的明显而且与众不同的现实。(4) Within this broad common stylistic ground, each manga artists technique is distinct and unique.在这个广泛的具有特殊风格的背景下，每个漫画作者的技巧都是明显而且与众不同的。(5) The reader is drawn into a 3-dimensional character, one who is far from perfect, one who has stupid little habits or major character flaws, and who is has hopes and dreams that readers can sympathize with.读者被带进了一个三维的角色，他远非完美，有点愚蠢的小习惯，或者主要的性格缺陷，但是，他有能引起读者共鸣的希望和梦想。(6)The more I think about it, the more I think this is the right description.我想它想的越多，我越觉得这是一个非常恰当的描述。Lesson FiveAnimation ArtistText Tezuka Osamu（手冢治虫，November 3,1938February 9,1989）was a Japanese manga artist and animator best known as the creator of Astro Boy. His prolific output and his pioneering techniques and genres earned him such titles as “the father of mang” and “the god of manga”. The distinctive “large eyes” style of Japanese animation was invented by Tezuka, who based it on the cartoons of the time such as Mickey Mouse by Walt Disney. As an indication of his productivity, the Complete Manga Works of Tezuka Osamu( published in Japan) comprises some 400 volumes, over 80 000 pages. He was formally trained as a physician, but devoted his life to the production of an enormous body of manga work, the vast majority of which has never been translated from the original Japanese and its thus inaccessible to Western audiences. He began his career as a manga creator while a university student. His medical and scientific knowledge enriched his sci-fi manga, as well as Black Jack, a series about a genius rogue surgeon. Famous creations include Astro Boy (Atom in Japan), Black Jack, Kimba the White Lion (upon which Disneys the Lion King was probably based).Note1. Complete manga works of Tezuka Osamu 手冢治虫漫画全集2. Astro Boy 阿童木小子3. sci-fi 科幻小说New Wordsprolific adj.多产的output n.产出genre n.流派title n.头衔，名称indication n.迹象，暗示productivity n.生产力comprise v.包括volume n.卷，册devote v.致力于enormous adj.巨大的vast adj.大量的majority n.多半inaccessible adj.难以接近的audience n.观众enrich v.使丰富series n.连续，系列genius adj.天才的rogue n.无赖surgeon n.外科医生Practice 1. Make judgements according to the text(1) Tezuka created the style of Japanese animation.(2) Tezuka learnt animation when he was achild.(3) Based on Disneys film, Tezuka created Kimba the White Lion.(4) Astro Boy is a milestone in Tezukas life.(5) He created a lot of manga.2. Translate into Chinese.(1) His prolific output and his pioneering techniques and genres earned him such titles as “the father of manga” and “the god of manga”.(2) he distinctive “large eyes” style of Japanese animation was invented by Tezuka, who based it on the cartoons of the time such as Mickey Mouse by Walt Disney.(3) He was formally trained as a physician, but devoted his life to the production of an enormous body of manga work(4) His medical and scientific knowledge enriched his sci-fi manga,Lesson Six Animation StudiosText Studio Ghibli is a Japanese animation film studio. Its anime films have been provocative, imaginative and emotional and widely praised all over the world. Its name derives from the nickname the Italians used for their Saharan scouting planes in the Second World War, which derived from the Italian word for hot wind blowing through the Sahara Desert. Though the name is Italian, the pronunciation when relating to the studio is Ji-bu-ri. The theory behind the name was that they were blowing a new win onto the anime industry. Founded in 1985, it is headed by the highly regarded director Haoya Miyazaki along with his colleague and mentor Isao Takahata. Its origins dated back to 1983, with the film Nausicaa of the Valley of Wind, which started as a serialized manga in publication of Tokuma Shotens Animage magazine. Tokuma is the parent company of studio Ghibli, and has provided Disney with the video rights to eight of the films and the global distribution rights to Princess Mononoke and Spirited Away. Composer Joe Hisaishi has provided the soundtrack for numerous Studio Ghibli films. The most famous and lauded film from the studio that wasnt directed by Miyazaki is Grave of the Fireflies, directed by Isao Takahata, a sad film focusing on the lives and deaths of two war orphans in post-Second War Japan.NoteSaharan 撒哈拉沙漠的New Wordsprovocative adj.煽动性的imaginative adj.有想象力的emotional adj.富于感情的derive v.起源nickname n.绰号，昵称scout v.侦查theory n.理论，原理found v.建立regard v.重视，尊敬director n.导演mentor n.顾问colleague n.同事origin n.起源valley n.山谷serialized adj.连续化的video 录像，视频distribution n.发行princess n.公主composer n.作曲家soundtrack n.声道，配乐numerous adj.无数的laud v.赞誉firefly n.萤火虫grave n.坟墓focus v.聚焦，重视orphan n.孤儿Practice 1. Make judgements according to the text(1) The name of Ghibli comes from Italian.(2) The first film pro