高考英语二轮专题复习 提分训练“阅读理解”社会生活类（真题含解析）(1).doc

2014高考英语二轮专题复习 提分训练“阅读理解”社会生活类（2013年真题，含解析）(2013新课标全国卷c) (2013大纲版全国卷c)given that many peoples moods(情绪)are regulated by the chemical action of chocolate,it was probably only a matter of time before somebody made the chocolate shop similar to a drugstore of chinese medicine.looking like a setting from the film charlie & the chocolate factory,singapores chocolate research facility(crf)has over 100 varieties of chocolates.its founder is chris lee who grew up at his parentscorner store with one hand almost always in the jar of sweets.if the crf seems to be a smart idea,thats because lee is not merely a seasoned salesperson but also head of a marketing department that has business relations with big names such as levis and sony.that idea surely results in the imagination at work when it comes to making different flavored(味道)chocolates.the crfs produce is“green”,made within the country and divided into 10 lines,with the alcohol series being the most popular.the exotic serieswith sichuan pepper,red bean(豆),cheese and other flavorsalso does well and is fun to taste.and for chocolate snobs,who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others,the connoisseur series uses cocoa beans from togo,cuba,venezuela,and ghana,among others.【文章大意】本文介绍了新加坡的chocolate research facility,它拥有100多种巧克力,并且着重介绍了几种很有风味的巧克力。64. what is good about chocolate?a. it serves as a suitable gift.b. it works as an effective medicine.c. it helps improve the state of mind.d. it strengthens business relations.【解析】选c。细节理解题。根据文章第一句可知,巧克力中化学成分可以调整人的情绪,故选c。65. why is chris lee able to develop his idea of the crf?a. he knows the importance of research.b. he learns form shops of similar types.c. he has the support of many big names.d. he has a lot of marketing experience.【解析】选d。推理判断题。根据第二段的thats because lee is not merely a seasoned salesperson but also head of a marketing department可知,lee创办crf不仅仅是因为他是一位有经验的销售员,而且还因为他是营销部门的领导,这说明他有很多营销经验。由此可知选d。66. which line of the crf produce sells best?a. the connoisseur series.b. the exotic series.c. the alcohol series.d. the sichuan series.【解析】选c。细节理解题。根据最后一段的with the alcohol series being the most popular可知。67. the words“chocolate snobs”in paragraph 3 probably refer to people who.a. are particular about chocolateb. know little about cocoa beansc. look down upon othersd. like to try new flavors【解析】选a。猜测词义题。根据最后一段的chocolate snobs,who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others.可知,chocolate snobs是指那些自认为对巧克力了解很多的人,所以他们对巧克力比较挑剔。snob势利小人,自命不凡的人。故选a。(2013陕西卷b)in 1978, i was 18 and was working as a nurse in a small town about 270 km away from sydney, australia. i was looking forward to having five days off from duty. unfortunately, the only one train a day back to my home in sydney had already left. so i thought id hitch a ride(搭便车). i waited by the side of the highway for three hours but no one stopped for me. finally, a man walked over and introduced himself as gordon. he said that although he couldnt give me a lift, i should come back to his house for lunch. he noticed me standing for hours in the november heat and thought i must be hungry. i was doubtful as a young girl but he assured(使放心)me i was safe, and he also offered to help me find a lift home afterwards. when we arrived at his house, he made us sandwiches. after lunch, he helped me find a lift home. twenty-five years later, in 2003, while i was driving to a nearby town one day, i saw an elderly man standing in the glaring heat, trying to hitch a ride. i thought it was another chance to repay someone for the favour id been given decades earlier. i pulled over and picked him up. i made him comfortable on the back seat and offered him some water. after a few moments of small talk, the man said to me, “you havent changed a bit, even your red hair is still the same. ”i couldnt remember where id met him. he then told me he was the man who had given me lunch and helped me find a lift all those years ago. it was gordon. 【文章大意】25年前,一位名叫gordon的人曾在作者遇到困难时施以援手,没想到25年后当作者帮助别人时,被帮助的那个人恰巧是gordon。50.the author had to hitch a ride one day in 1978 because.a.her work delayed her trip to sydneyb.she was going home for her holidaysc.the town was far away from sydneyd.she missed the only train back home【解析】选d。细节理解题。根据第一段第三句话可知当时作者回家需乘坐的唯一一趟火车已经开走了,可知答案为d。a选项没有提到;文章没有说作者要回家度假,故b不对;根据第一段第一句话可知作者工作的小镇离悉尼约270千米,但这并不是作者要搭便车回家的原因,选项与问题不相关,故c也不对。51. which of the following did gordon do according to paragraph 2?a.he helped the girl find a ride.b.he gave the girl a ride back home.c.he bought sandwiches for the girl.d.he watched the girl for three hours.【解析】选a。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知吃过午饭后,这个人帮作者找到了回家搭乘的便车,故排除b选a。此人给作者做的三明治而不是买的,故c不对;此人注意到作者等车等了3个小时,而不是看了作者3个小时,故d不对。52.the reason why the author offered a lift to the elderly man was that.a.she realized he was gordonb.she had known him for decadesc.she was going to the nearby townd.she wanted to repay the favour she once got【解析】选d。细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知作者认为那是一次很好的机会来回报自己多年前得到的帮助,故选d。这位老人告诉作者他的身份,作者才认出他是25年前帮助自己的人,所以a和b都不对。c项与问题不相关。53. what does the author want to tell the readers through the story?a. giving sometimes produces nice results.b. those who give rides will be repaid.c. good manners bring about happiness.d. people should offer free rides to others.【解析】选a。主旨大意题。别人帮助了作者,作者在帮别人时,那个被帮助的人恰恰是曾经帮助过自己的人,这个故事告诉我们帮助别人有时就是帮助自己,付出会有好的回报,故选a。(2013山东卷a)jimmy is an automotive mechanic, but he lost his job a few months ago. he has a good heart, but always feared applying for a new job. one day, he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview. his appointment was at 10 am and it was already 8:30. while waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed, he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car. obviously there was something wrong with the car. jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand. when jimmy finished working on the car, the old man asked him how much he should pay for the service. jimmy said there was no need to pay him; he just helped someone in need, and he had to rush for an interview. then the old man said, “well, i could take you to the office for your interview. its the least i could do. please, i insist. ”jimmy agreed. upon arrival, jimmy found a long line of applicants waiting to be interviewed. jimmy still had some grease on him after the car repair, but he did not have much time to wash it off or have a change of shirt. one by one, the applicants left the interviewers office with disappointed looks on their faces. finally his name was called. the interviewer was sitting on a large chair facing the office window. rocking the chair back and forth, he asked, “do you really need to be interviewed?”jimmys heart sank. “with the way i look now, how could i possibly pass this interview?”he thought to himself. then the interviewer turned the chair and to jimmys surprise, it was the old man he helped earlier in the morning. it turned out he was the general manager of the company. “sorry i had to keep you waiting, but i was pretty sure i made the right decision to have you as part of our workforce before you even stepped into this office. i just know youd be a trustworthy worker. congratulations!”jimmy sat down and they shared a cup of well-deserved coffee as he landed himself a new job. 【文章大意】这是一篇人物类的记叙文, 主要叙述了jimmy失业后求职的经历, 告诉我们善有善报。56. why did jimmy apply for a new job?a.he was out of work.b.he was bored with his job.c.he wanted a higher position.d.he hoped to find a better boss.【解析】选a。细节理解题。根据第一段的but he lost his job a few months ago可知答案选a。57. what did jimmy see on the way to the interview?a.a friends car had a flat tyre.b.a wild man was pushing a car.c.a terrible car accident happened.d.an old mans car broke down.【解析】选d。细节理解题。根据第二段的while waiting for.there was something wrong with the car.可知老人的车出了故障,所以选d。58. why did the old man offer jimmy a ride?a.he was also to be interviewed.b.he needed a travelling companion.c.he always helped people in need.d.he was thankful to jimmy.【解析】选d。细节理解题。根据第二段最后几句老人所说的话可知,老人让jimmy搭车,是想向jimmy表示感谢。59. how did jimmy feel on hearing the interviewers question?a.he was sorry for the other applicants.b.there was no hope for him to get the job.c.he regretted helping the old man.d.the interviewer was very rude.【解析】选b。细节理解题。根据第三段的jimmys heart sank.“with the way i look now,how could i.”可知jimmy认为自己没有希望得到这份工作。所以选b。60. what can we learn from jimmys experience?a.where theres a will, theres a way.b.a friend in need is a friend indeed.c.good is rewarded with good.d.two heads are better than one.【解析】选c。推理判断题。根据第二段及最后一段可知,我们从jimmy的经历中了解到好人有好报,所以选c。a项有志者,事竟成;b项患难见真情;d项三个臭皮匠胜过诸葛亮。(2013山东卷d)sparrow is a fast-food chain with 200 restaurants. some years ago, the group to which sparrow belonged was taken over by another company. although sparrow showed no sign of declining, the chain was generally in an unhealthy state. with more and more fast-food concepts reaching the market, the sparrow menu had to struggle for attention. and to make matters worse, its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required.sparrow failed to grow for another two years, until a new ceo, carl pearson, decided to build up its market share. he did a survey, which showed that consumers who already used sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain, while customers of other fast-food chains were unwilling to turn away from them. sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaign. pearson faced a battle over the future of the sparrow brand. the chains owner now favored rebranding sparrow as marcys restaurants.pearson resisted, arguing for an advertising campaign designed to convince customers that visits to sparrow restaurants were fun. such an attempt to establish a positive relationship between a company and the general public was unusual for that time. pearson strongly believed that numbers were the key to success, rather than customers spending power. finally, the owner accepted his idea.the campaign itself changed the traditional advertising style of the fast-food industry. the tv ads of sparrow focused on entertainment and featured original songs performed by a variety of stars.instead of showing the superiority of a specific product, the intention was to put sparrow in the hearts of potential customers. pearson also made other decisions which he believed would contribute to the new sparrow image.for example, he offered to lower the rent of any restaurants which achieved a certain increase in their turnover(营业额).these efforts paid off, and sparrow soon became one of the most successful fast-food chains in the regions where it operated. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍sparrow的ceopearson是如何通过开展全新的广告活动帮助公司走出发展低谷并获得巨大成功的。71. which was one of the problems sparrow faced before pearson became ceo?a.the number of its customers was declining.b.its customers found the food unhealthy.c.it was in need of financial support.d.most of its restaurants were closed.【解析】选c。细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“and to make matters worse, its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required.”可知在pearson成为sparrow的ceo之前, 这家公司需要经济支持, 所以选c。而a和b两个选项中含有文章词汇decline, unhealthy, 但与原句意思不符, d项文中没提, 所以选c。72.what does the underlined word“them”in paragraph 2 refer to?a.customers of sparrow restaurants.b.sparrow restaurants.c.customers of other fast-food chains.d.other fast-food chains.【解析】选d。词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句“he did a survey, which showed that.while customers of other fast-food chains were unwilling to turn away from them.”可猜测出them指的是other fast-food chains, 所以选d。73.for what purpose did pearson start the advertising campaign?a.to build a good relationship with the public.b.to stress the unusual tradition of sparrow.c.to learn about customers spending power.d.to meet the challenge from marcys restaurants.【解析】选a。细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“pearson resisted, arguing.”及第四句“such an attempt to establish a positive relationship between.”可知, 他开展广告活动的目的是建立公司与公众之间的良好的关系。所以选a。74.the tv ads of sparrow.a.changed peoples views on pop starsb.amused the public with original songsc.focused on the superiority of its productsd.influenced the eating habits of the audience【解析】选b。细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“instead of showing the superiority of a specific product, the intention was to put sparrow in the hearts of potential customers.”可知c项错误;而a项错在on pop stars, d项中影响观众的饮食习惯是文章中未涉及的。而b项与第四段中的the tv ads of sparrow focused on entertainment and featured original songs performed by a variety of stars.相符, 所以选b。75.what was pearsons achievement as a ceo?a.he managed to pay off sparrows debts.b.he made sparrow much more competitive.c.he helped sparrow take over a company.d.he improved the welfare of sparrow employees.【解析】选b。细节理解题。根据最后两段可知他作为ceo使得该公司成为最成功的快餐连锁店之一。所以可知他使得该公司更具有竞争力了, 所以选b。而a项还清债务;c项接管公司;d项提高员工福利都是文章中没提及的, 故选b。(2013浙江卷a)no one knows for sure when advertising first started. it is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them. that led to the concept of specialization, which means that people would specialize, or focus, on doing one specific job.lets take a man well call mr.fielder, for example. he did everything connected with farming. he planted seeds, tended the fields, and harvested and sold his crops. at the same time, he did many other jobs on the farm. however, he didnt make the bricks for his house, cut his trees into boards, make the plows(犁), or any of the other hundreds of things a farm needs. instead, he got them from people who specialized in doing each of those things. suppose there was another man we shall call mr.plowright. using what he knew about farming and working with iron, mr.plowright invented a plow that made farming easier. mr.plowright did not really like farming himself and wanted to specialize in making really good plows. perhaps, he thought, other farmers will trade what they grow for one of my plows.how did mr.plowright let people know what he was doing? why, he advertised, of course. first he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers. that sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door. it was probably all the information people needed to find mr.plowright and his really good plows.many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago. even before most people could read, they understood such signs. shopkeepers would carve into stone, clay, or wood symbols for the products they had for sale. a medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message. you might say that the first medium used in advertising wassigns with symbols. the second medium wasaudio, or sound, although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today. originally, just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument, such as a bell, were used to get peoples attention. a crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily. it is someone, probably a man, with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of a city. in ancient egypt, shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products.often this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods.perhaps the crier described the goods, explained where they came from, and praised their quality. his job was, in other words, not too different from a tv or radio commercial in todays world.【文章大意】当今社会,广告铺天盖地、无孔不入。但是,你知道广告何时、又是怎样出现的吗?41.what probably led to the start of advertising?a.the discovery of iron.b.the specialization of labor.c.the appearance of new jobs.d.the development of farming techniques.【解析】选b。细节理解题。从文章的第一段可以看出,因为some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them,导致了specialization的出现,从而解释了广告的出现。故选b。42.to advertise his plows,mr.plowright.a.praised his plows in publicb.placed a sign outside the shopc.hung an arrow pointing to the shopd.showed his products to the customers【解析】选b。细节理解题。文章的第四段第三句告诉我们,mr. plowright做广告的方法就是,在店铺外面放置一个标志来吸引顾客。故选b。43.the writer makes up the two stories of mr.fielder and mr.plowright in order to.a.explain the origin of advertisingb.predict the future of advertisingc.expose problems in advertisingd.provide suggestions for advertising【解析】选a。推理判断题。作者用第二、三两段举两个例子的目的就是要佐证第一段提出的关于广告起源的假设:人各有所长产生了社会分工的不同出现了广告。故选a。44.in ancient egypt, a crier was probably someone who.a.owned a shipb.had the loudest voicec.ran a shop selling goods to farmersd.functioned like todays tv or radio commercial【解析】选d。细节理解题。从文章的最后一段最后一句可以看出:当时的crier的作用与今天的电视、广播广告差不多。故选d。45.the last two paragraphs are mainly about.a.the history of advertisingb.the benefits of advertisingc.the early forms of advertisingd.the basic design of advertising【解析】选c。主旨大意题。归纳总结发现,文章最后两段的主旨大意就是讲述原始的广告方式。故选c。(2013四川卷b)on a sunny day last august, tim heard some shouting. looking out to the sea carefully, he saw a couple of kids in a rowboat were being pulled out to sea. two 12-year-old boys, christian and jack, rowed out a boat to search for a football. once theyd rowed beyond the calm waters, a beach umbrella tied to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into the open water. the pair panicked and tried to row back to shore. but they were no match for it and the boat was out of control. tim knew it would soon be swallowed by the waves. “everything went quiet in my head, ”tim recalled(回忆). “i was trying to figure out how to swim to the boys in a straight line. ”tim took off his clothes and jumped into the water. every 500 yards or so, he raised his head to judge his progress. “at o