高中英语名词性从句详细讲解.ppt

名词性从句nounclause 主语从句subjectclause 宾语从句objectclause 表语从句predicativeclause 同位语从句appositiveclause 请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句 WhatIwanttodoistakingabath Thenewsthattheywonthegamespreadthewholeschool Idon tthinkheisanhonestboy Thefactisthathestolethecar Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar Doyouknowthemanwhoisstandingoverthere Itissaidthattheywonthegame 主从 同位语从句 宾从 表从 同位语从句 定从 主从 引导名词性从句的连接词 that 无意义 不可省 不充当任何成分 whether if 均表示 是否 表明从句内容的不确定性 asif asthough 均表示 好像 似乎 以上在从句中均不充当任何成分 连接代词 what whatever who whoever whom whomever whose which whichever连接副词 when where how why whenever wherever however连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义 又起连接作用 在从句中充当从句的成分 不可省略的连词 1 介词后的连词2 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略 Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon 在复合句中作主语的从句 引导词有连词that whether 代词 who what which 副词 when where how why等 1 Thatheisafamoussingerisknowntous Itisknowntousthatheisafamoussinger 2 WhenhewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed ItisnotyetfixedwhenhewillgotoAmerica 主语从句 1 It be 形容词 that从句 Itisnecessary important obviousthat 2 It be ed分词 that从句 Itisbelievedthat 人们相信 Itisknowntousallthat 众所周知 Ithasbeendecidedthat 已经决定 3 It be 名词 that从句 Itiscommonknowledgethat 是常识Itisasurprisethat 令人惊奇的是 Itisafactthat 事实是 4 It 不及物动词 that从句 Itappearsthat 似乎 Ithappensthat 碰巧 Itoccurredtomethat 我突然想起 另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇 不相信 惋惜 理应如此等语气时 谓语动词要用虚拟语气 should do 常用的句型有 Itisnecessary important natural strange etc that Itissuggested requested proposed desired etc that 主语从句中的 主谓一致 1 主语从句通常被看作一个整体 主句的谓语动词用单数形式 Thattheywillcome certain 2 What引导主语从句时 主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定 Whathewants thesebooks Whathewants somewater 注意 is are is 1 intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure mailaccount 2005上海 A WhatisrequiredB WhatrequiresCItisrequiredD Itrequires2 TheForeignMinistersaid ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace 2006北京 A ThisB ThereisC ThatisD Itis3 AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace 2004上海 A whereB whatC thatD how Exercises 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句 通常放在主句谓语动词 及物动词 或介词之后 1 Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened 2 Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother 3 Iamafraid that I vemadeamistake 宾语从句 作动词的宾语 作介词的宾语 作形容词的宾语 1 由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时 that在句中不担任任何成分 在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去 但如从句是并列句时 第二个分句前的that不可省 例如 Wemustneverthink that wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing 注意 在demand order suggest decide insist desire request command doubt等表示要求 命令 建议 决定等意义的动词后 宾语从句常用 should 动词原形 Iinsistthatshe should doherworkalone 我坚持要她自己工作 Thecommanderorderedthattroops should setoffatonce 司令员命令部队马上出发 2 用whether或if引导的宾语从句 其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒 仍保持陈述句语序 此外 whether与if在作 是否 的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether 不用if a 引导主语从句并在句首时 b 引导表语从句时 c 引导从句作介词宾语时 d 从句后有 ornot 时 e 后接动词不定式时 Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeornot Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay 宾语从句中的 时态呼应 与 否定转移 若主句谓语动词为think consider suppose believe expect fancy guess imagine等 其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义 一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上 从句谓语用肯定式 例如 Hetoldmethathe hisjob 已经完成了工作 时态呼应 否定转移 我认为他不会来这里 Ithinkhewon tcomehere Idon tthinkhewillcomehere hadfinished 注意 4 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应 当主句动词是现在时 从句根据自身的句子情况 而使用不同时态 例如 Iknow that hestudiesEnglisheveryday Iknow that hestudiedEnglishlastterm Iknow that hewillstudyEnglishnextyear Iknow that hehasstudiedEnglishsince1998 当主句动词是过去时态 could would除外 从句则要用相应的过去时态 如一般过去时 过去进行时 过去将来时等 当从句表示的是客观真理 科学原理 自然现象 则从句仍用现在时态 例如 TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica 宾语从句中用it作形式宾语 Wethinkitourdutythatweshouldhelpothers 注意 如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时 一般用it来作形式宾语 把从句放在宾补后面 我发现他两天之内完成工作是不可能的 Ifinditimpossiblethathecanfinishtheworkintwodays Exercises it 作形式主语或形式宾语 1 Ihate whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull A itB thatC theseD them2 Ifeel strangethatheshouldbesocareless A B itC thatD how3 Itworriedherabit herhairwasturninggrey A whileB thatC ifD for4Willyouseeto thattheluggageisbroughtback A weB yourselfC itD them A B B C 在复合句中作主句的表语 引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样 表语从句 1 问题是我们和他已失去联系 2 这就是亨利怎么解决这个问题的 3 天看起来要下雨了 Theproblemis Thisis Itlooks thatwehavelosttouchwithhim howHenrysolvedtheproblem asifitisgoingtorain 需要注意的 当主语是reason时 表语从句要用that引导而不是because Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning 注意 whether可引导表语从句 但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句 在句中起同位语的作用 一般放在名词fact news idea promise thought suggestion belief truth等之后 用以说明或解释前面的名词 引导词有连词that 不能省 少数情况下也可用连接副词等 1 Thethoughtthatwemightsucceedexcitedus 2 Theideathattheyshouldtryasecondtimeisworthconsidering 3 Thesuggestionthattheplan should bedelayedwillbediscussedtomorrow 同位语从句 同位语从句和定语从句的区别 that作为关系代词 可以引导定语从句 充当句子成分 在从句中作宾语时可以省略 that引导同位语从句时 起连词的作用 没有实际意义 不充当句子成分 一般不能省略 Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere that引导同位语从句 不能省略 Haveyougottheidea that thisbookgivesyouoflifeinancientGreece that引导定语从句 作宾语 可以省略 Exercises 1 Doris successliesinthefact sheisco operativeandeagertolearnfromothers 2006上海春季 A whichB thatC whenD why2 Doyouhaveanyidea isactuallygoingonintheclassroom 2005辽宁 A thatB whatc asD which3 Thereisafeelinginme we llneverknowwhataUFOis notever 2002上海 A thatB whichc ofwhichD what4 Informationhasbeenputforward moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities A whileB thatC whenD as 1 Theywanttoknow dotohelpus A whatcantheyB whattheycanC howtheycanD howcanthey 2 Canyoumakesure thegoldring A whereAlicehadputB wherehadAliceputC whereAlicehasputD wherehasAliceput 3 SomeoneisringingMary Goandsee A whoisheB whoheisC whoisitD whoitis B C I 语序问题 考点归纳 D 归纳 在名词性从句中 除了关联词在从句之首外 其它部分应用 的语序 陈述 II 用if或whether填空 1 Idon tknow I llbefreetomorrow 2 Idon tknow ornotI llbefreetomorrow 3 Thequestionis thisbookisworthwriting 4 Itdependson wewillhaveenoughmoney 5 theycandoitmatterslittletous 6 youarenotfreetomorrow I llgowithoutyou whether if whether whether whether Whether If a 主语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 介词后面的宾语从句只能用 不能用if b 后面紧跟ornot时 用 归纳 whether whether III that与whether if的选择 1 knowledgecomesfrompracticeisknowntoall WhatB WhereC IfD That 2 Itmakesnodifference oursportsmeetwillbeheldthisweekornextweek A thatB eitherC whetherD when 3 Idoubt hewillcomesoon 4 Idonotdoubt hewillcomesoon 5 Doyoudoubt hewillcomesoon D C whether if that that 表示是否时用 表示肯定时用 归纳 whether if that 1 Ican tunderstandiswhyhehaschangedhismind 2 theearthisroundisknowntousall 3 hewontheracewas weexpected that what 只起连接作用 在从句中不充当任何成分 没有词义 起连接作用 且在从句中充当主语 宾语或表语 表示 所 的 That What That what 归纳 that what引导名词性从句的区别 what whateverwho whoeverwhich whichever 引导名词性从句的区别 1 isworthdoingisworthdoingwell 2 weneedismoretime 3 madethelongdistancecalltohimisnotimportant 4 breaksthelawwillbepunished Whatever What Who Whoever 等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义 相当于名词后加一个定语从句 而 等引导的名词性从句都含有疑问意义 Whoever whatever Who what 1 It sgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild heorshewants whichB thatC whateverD allwhat2 ThesewildflowersaresospecialthatIwoulddo Icantosavethem whichB thatC whateverD allwhat3 kills sellsoreatswildanimalsorbirds istoblame AnyoneB AnyonewhoC ThosewhoD Those B C C Exercises 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 Hesuggestedthatameeting should beheldimmediately Itwassuggestedthatameeting should beheldimmediately Hissuggestionwasthatameeting should beheldimmediately Hemadeasuggestionthatameeting should beheldimmediately 表示建议 请求 命令 要求 坚持等的名词性从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气 归纳 2 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇 不相信 惋惜 理应如此等 谓语动词用虚拟语气 should do 常用句型有1 Itisnecessary important natural strange etc that 2 Itisapity ashame nowonderetc that e g Itisstrangethatshe should thinkso 试区分以下句子 Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar Doyouknowthefactthattheyweretalkingabout 注意 1 如果是定语从句 它的从句肯定是不完整的 关系词肯定在句中充当成分的 而同位语从句中的that只起连接作用 2 定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用 而同位语从句则解释说明前面名词的具体内容 同从 定从 拓展 1 Thequestionis thefilmisworthseeing A ifB whatC whetherD how2 Theyreceivedorders theworkbedoneatonce A whichB whenC D that3 Thereason Ihavetogois mymotherisillinbed A why whyB why becauseC why thatD that because C C D Consolidation 4 Ican tunderstandis shewantstochangehermind A What whyB Which howC That whyD What because5 hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain A ThatB WhetherC IfD Evenif6 Itisk