【步步高】（江苏专用）高考英语一轮复习 Unit 2 The environment同步导学 牛津译林版必修5(1).doc

【步步高】（江苏专用）2015届高考英语一轮复习 unit 2 the environment同步导学 牛津译林版必修5.重点单词识记1debate /dibeit/ n&vi.辩论；争论，讨论2recycle /risaikl/ vt.&vi.回收利用3greedy /ridi/ adj.贪婪的，贪心的4credit /kredit/ n赞扬，称赞，认可；信用，信誉；学分5arrival /raivl/ n到达，抵达；到达者6arrest /rest/ vt.&n.逮捕7conflict /knflikt/ vi.冲突，抵触；n.冲突；矛盾8decrease /dikris/ vt.&vi.减少，降低；/dikris/ n减少，降低9measure /me(r)/ n措施，方法；尺度；vt.测量；估量，判定10flood /fld/ n洪水；大批，大量；vt.&vi.泛滥；淹没；大量涌入11range /reind/ n范围；一系列；山脉；vi.(在一定范围内)变化；包括；排列，排序12conservation /knsvein/ n(对自然环境的)保护13production /prdkn/ n产量；生产produce v生产，制造；n.农产品product n产品；产物14responsibility /rispnsbilti/ n责任，职责responsible adj.有责任的，负责的15environmental /invairnmentl/ adj.环境的environment n环境16operate /preit/ vt.&vi.经营；动手术operation n操作；运转；手术17quantity /kwntti/ n数量quality n质量；品质18willing /wili/ adj.愿意的，乐意的unwilling adj.不情愿，不愿意；勉强的，无奈的19illegal /ilil/ adj.违法的，非法的illegally adv.违法地，非法地legal adj.法律许可的，合法的legally adv.法律上，合法地20appreciate /priieit/ vt.欣赏，赞赏；感谢；领会appreciation n感激，感谢；欣赏；理解；(艺术方面的)鉴定，评估21consume /knsjum/ vt.消耗，耗费；消费consumer n消费者，顾客，用户22particular /ptikjl(r)/ adj.专指的，特指的；特别的；讲究的，挑剔的particularly adv.尤其，特别23absorb /bsb/ vt.吸收；理解；使全神贯注absorbed adj.全神贯注的，专心致志的.重点短语识记1open the floor自由发言2cut back on减少，削减，缩减3use up用尽4run out (of)用完，耗尽5clean up打扫(或清除)干净6queue up排队等候7take steps采取措施8pick out找出，挑选；辨别出，辨认出9put.in danger把置于危险的境地10under way进行中11in/with regard to关于，至于12blame.on.把归咎于13let off排放14in particular尤其，特别15do ones part尽自己的职责.经典原句默写与背诵1the worlds population has grown by six times what it was in 1800.目前的世界人口与1800年相比已经增长了6倍。2people often have this belief that development is bad for the environment，but this does not have to be true.人们常常认为经济发展对环境有害，但这不一定是正确的。3what if they run out?它们用完了会怎么样呢？4there is no doubt that the world climate has been changing in recent years.毫无疑问，世界的气候近年来一直在变化。5although we produce carbon when we breathe，the carbon we produce is much less than that produced by a car.尽管我们呼吸时产生碳，但我们排出的碳要比小汽车产生的碳少很多。1i would like to express my appreciation to you all.what you did should be highly appreciated (appreciate)2you have grown up and you need to take responsibility (responsible) for your actions.3its illegal (legal) to drive without a licence.4upon your arrival (arrive) in shanghai，please give me a call.5we still hold the belief (believe) that we still have a long way to go to make our world clean.6absorbed (全神贯注于) in his writing，the writer forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar.7the house is more than twenty metres long and measures (量度为) six metres in width.8a large quantity (数量) of waste gases is sent into the air when we are driving.9because human beings destroy the rainforest，the number of wild animals living there has decreased (减少) quickly.10im afraid youll have to be operated (动手术) on for your heart trouble.1operate on/upon sb.给某人动手术be in operation在运转；在行动中；在实施中come/go into operation开始工作(生效)put/bring into operation实施；实行 the department store is well operated.这家百货公司经营得很好。do you know how to operate the heating system?你知道怎么操作这个加热系统吗？夯实基础用operate的适当形式填空(1)this machine is very easy to operate.anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.(2)in the good care of the nurses，the boy is gradually recovering from his heart operation.(3)he dialed the operator and put in a call for rome.2in quantity大量quantities of名词复数谓语动词 许多a quantity of复数名词复数谓语动词/不可数名词单数谓语动词 大量quantities of food and tents were sent to ya an from shandong.大量的食品和帐篷从山东运到了雅安。my brother bought a large quantity of books.我弟弟买了大量的书。夯实基础完成句子(1)its a lot cheaper if you buy goods in quantity(大量)(2)there are large quantities of(大量的) rain in this area.3be willing to do.愿意做be willing that.愿意做too willing to do.非常愿意做there are，of course，questions which she will not be willing to answer.当然，有些问题是她不愿回答的。夯实基础同义句改写he is willing to come to our help.(改为含有that从句的复合句)he is willing that he will come to our help.4beyond/out of ones range/the range of sb.超出某人的范围within/in the range of在范围之内range from.to.从到之间变化range between.and.在到之间变动a wide range of colors and patterns are available.各种颜色和样式都有。she has had a number of different jobs，ranging from chef to swimming instructor.她做过许多不同的工作，从厨师到游泳教练。图解助记夯实基础用适当的介词填空(1)costs range from 50 to several hundred pounds.(2)if the target was farther than fifty metres，then it was out of range.5appreciate doing.感激做i would appreciate it if.假如我将不胜感激appreciation n.欣赏；感激in appreciation of欣赏；感激here i sincerely express my appreciation if you could help find the lost suitcase.如果你能帮我找到丢失的箱子，我会真诚地表达我的感激之情。(2010重庆书面表达)and ill appreciate it very much if you give me an early reply.如果你能早点回信我将非常感激。特别提醒(1)appreciate后接v.ing形式。(2)其后只能接“事”作宾语，而不能接“人”作宾语。(3)其后不直接跟if或when引导的从句，需先接it，再接从句。夯实基础用所给词的适当形式填空(1)i dont appreciate being treated(treat) like a secondclass citizen.(2)he expressed his appreciation(appreciate) for what she had done.6be particular about/over sth.对某物讲究/挑剔be particular to是特有的in particularparticularly尤其；特别she loves the song in particular，because her mother used to sing it.她特别喜欢这首歌，因为她妈妈过去常常唱。i have nothing particular to do today.今天我没有特别的事要做。特别提醒particular作“特别的，特殊的”讲时，没有比较级和最高级。 夯实基础用适当的介词填空(1)the girl is very particular about/over her food.(2)unemployment in particular has risen less than once seemed likely.(3)this plant is particular to that region.7 absorb v.吸收(液体、气体等)(take in)；吸引全部注意力(attract)，使全神贯注(interest sb.very much)；使并入，吞并；理解，掌握absorb ones attention吸引某人的注意absorb.from.从中吸收be absorbed in全神贯注于be absorbed by/into被吞并(吸引)plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil.植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳并从土壤中汲取水分。she was absorbed in the book.她专心于这本书。思考表示“全神贯注”的常见短语还有：be lost in，be buried in，fix/focus ones attention on，devote.to，concentrate ones mind on，apply oneself to，be addicted to等。夯实基础用absorb的适当形式填空(1)when deeply absorbed in work，which he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.(2)he had an absorbed look on his face.单项填空1the doctor said that the patient had at once，which made us all worried.ato operate bto be operatedcoperated dto be operated on答案d解析sb.be operated on“某人被动手术”，on不能省去。2large quantities of information，as well as some timely help since the organization was built.ahas offered bhad been offeredchave been offered dis offered答案c解析句中出现了since从句，句子用现在完成时，且quantities of作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，故答案为c。3alice is a kind girl.she is willing to help me study in english.avery bso csuch dtoo答案d解析too willing to do.意为“很乐意做”，而不是“太乐意而不愿做”。4at the news conference，the spokesman said，“keeping the meat price under control is within the of the governments responsibility.”afield blimitcextent drange答案d解析within the range of在范围之内。5if you have any comments or suggestions，please let us know；we always appreciate feedback from friends.ahaving been received bto receivecreceiving dto have received答案c解析句意为：如果你有任何评论或建议，请让我们知道；我们总是喜欢来自朋友的反馈。appreciate后接动词ing形式。6she was so in her job that she didnt hear someone knocking at the door.aabsorbed battractedcdrawn dconcentrated答案a解析只有a项在此可以构成固定搭配be absorbed in“全神贯注于”。7what is the cost of the mp4 here?well，the prices from $100 to $500.aincrease brangecreach ddifferent答案b解析答句句意为：价格在100美元到500美元之间。range from.to.在和之间变化，符合题意。8they had a fierce as to whether their company should restore the trade relationship which was broken years ago.adebate bdisagreementccontest dconflict答案a解析句意为：他们就公司是否应当恢复几年前中断了的这一贸易关系进行了一场激烈的争论。debate争论，辩论，指持不同观点的各方据理力争，并最终作出决定。9it does not alter the fact that he was the man for the death of the little girl.aaccounting bguiltycresponsible dobliged答案c解析句意为：这改变不了他对这个小女孩的死负有责任这一事实。responsible for为固定搭配，意为“对负责”。10the mayor says he will take tough to control food prices.ameans bmethodscmeasures dmeasurements答案c解析take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事。measurement测量，尺寸。.汉译英1而且我很乐意地告诉你暑假我要去做兼职工作。(be willing to do.) (2013山东写作)whats more，i am willing to tell you that i am to do some parttime jobs in the summer holiday.2我们认为是我们的责任去保护和美化我们的环境。(duty) (2009北京情景作文)we all think its our duty to protect and beautify our environment.3一到达，我们立刻开始工作。(arrival) (2009北京情景作文)upon arrival，we began to work immediately.1the food prices are going up，so we will cut back on the use of some expensive vegetables.2can you pick out your friend from that group of people，who are chatting happily over there?3we must act quickly because time is running out.the manager said we must finish the project on time.4i am interested in stories in general，and detective stories in particular.5the design of the new car is well under way and you can expect to have it within a month.6we should all do our part to protect the environment we are living in.1cut down砍倒；削减；压缩,ut in插嘴cut up切碎；使痛心cut short使停止；中断；打断cut off切断cut out切掉；删掉we shall have to cut back on our spending.我们将不得不削减我们的经费。夯实基础用cut短语填空(1)how can you cut down the risk of cancer?(2)he also supplied the north when america cut off energy aid.(3)he had cut up the meat before his mother came back.2run out结束；用完(主语为物，无被动语态)give out用完；放出(热、光等)；公布(不及物，一般不用于进行时态)use up用完(及物) so many places of interest does beijing offer that most visitors simply ran out of time before seeing it all.北京提供了如此多的有趣景点以致于大多数游客用光了所有时间也没有看完。our food will soon run out.我们的食物不久就要吃光了。夯实基础同义句改写he ran out of his ink.(1)his ink was run out of.(改为被动句)(2)his ink ran out.(用run out改写句子)3pick up捡起，拿起(某物)；收听；接送某人；收拾；获得；学会；好转；逮捕，抓捕；取回；感染pick and choose东挑西捡he picked his cap up from the floor and stuck it back on his head.他从地板上拾起帽子，重新戴在头上。its easy to pick him out in a crowd because he is very tall.很容易从人群中辨认出他，因为他个子高。图解助记夯实基础there are many great newscasters that its difficult to .asuch；pick one outbso；pick one outcso；pick out onedsuch；pick out one答案b解析由many great newscasters可排除a、d两项；动副短语，代词作宾语只能放中间；而名词作宾语放在动副短语的中间或后面都可以，故选b项。pick out辨别出，找出。4as regards关于；至于regard.as.把当作regardless of不管；不顾regarding prep.关于regardless of what happens my claim is safe and secure.不管会发生什么，我的主张都是安全的、保险的。i have nothing to say with regard to your complaints.对于你的投诉，我无可奉告。夯实基础用regard的适当形式填空(1)davis had very little to say regarding the accident.(2)as regards economic issues，he agreed with our view.单项填空1he as a national hero for winning the first gold medal for his country in the olympics.aregarded bwas regardedchas regarded dhad been regarded答案b解析句子主语和regard之间为被动关系，且是发生在过去的动作，故用一般过去时的被动语态。2she japanese when she was in japan.now she can speak it freely.apicked out bmade outcmade up dpicked up答案d解析pick up偶然、无意中学会，符合句意。pick out挑选；make out看清，分清；make up弥补。3she found it hard to keep both ends meet，so the hostess decided to on daily necessities.acut off bcut downccut up dcut back答案d解析句意为：由于发现入不敷出，女主人决定削减日常必需品开支。cut off切断；cut down砍倒；cut up切碎；cut back on削减。故d项符合句意。4the research project has only been way for three months，so its too early to evaluate its success.aunder boncin dby答案a解析句意为：这个研究项目仅仅进行了三个月，所以要对它的成绩作出评价为时尚早。under way表示“在进行之中”，符合句意。.汉译英为了环境更美好，必须马上采取行动，像停止砍树等。(cut down) (2013江苏书面表达)immediate actions should be taken，like stopping cutting down trees，to better environment.用所给词的适当形式填空1having filled(fill) up with petrol，we continued our journey.2i broke a tooth biting(bite) on a nut.3michael drove home from work，having achieved(achieve) nothing all day.4i just had to stand there being stared(stare) at by all those people.5after looking(look) round the museum，we went back to our hotel.1what if.？“如果将会怎样；即使又有什么关系？”为省略结构，相当于what shall we/i do if.？。what if中what可看作是what should sb.do或what does it matter或what would happen的省略。what if用于提出假设时，其后句子可用陈述语气(一般现在时)，也可用虚拟语气(一般过去时或should动词原形)。what for？为何目的？为何理由？,so what？那又怎么样？,what/how about.？怎么样？guess what？你知道吗？whats up？相当于whats the matter？怎么了？what if she finds out that you have lost her book?如果她发现你弄丢了她的书，怎么办？what if we fail/failed/should fail?万一我们失败了，怎么办？夯实基础her father is very rich. she wouldnt accept his help even if it were offered.awhat for? bso what?cno doubt. dno wonder.答案b解析句意为：她的父亲很富有。那又怎样？即使他提供给她帮助，她也会拒绝。what for？为了什么？so what？那又怎样？no doubt.毫无疑问；no wonder.难怪。根据语境选b项。2 there is no doubt that the world climate has been changing in recent years.毫无疑问，世界的觉气候近年来一直在变化。(1)there is no doubt意为“毫无疑问”，后接that从句或about名词结构。there is doubt意为“值得怀疑”，后接whether引导的从句或about名词结构。(2)doubt v& n怀疑；疑问，作动词时，其用法如下：在否定句和疑问句中，doubt后接that引导的宾语从句。在肯定句中，doubt后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句。作名词时，用法如下：用于肯定句时，一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句。用于否定句、疑问句时，一般接that引导的宾语从句。(3)be in doubt犹豫不决beyond doubt无疑地 there is much doubt whether he will keep his word.他是否会信守诺言值得怀疑。夯实基础用适当的连词填空(1)i dont doubt that he can finish the task on time.(2)i doubt if/whether they can swim across the river.(3)there is no doubt that she will come in time.(4)i have some doubt whether he will be elected.单项填空1there is still some doubt the autumn sports meeting will be held in our school，but there is no doubt it will be held soon after our national day holiday.athat；that bwhether；whethercthat；whether dwhether；that答案d解析名词doubt用在肯定句中后接whether引导的同位语从句；用在否定句中后接that引导的同位语从句。2 their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.ato throw bthrowncthrowing dbeing thrown答案c解析句子主语the fans与throw之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。a项表示动作还未发生；b、d两项表示被动，均不符合句意。3he had a wonderful childhood， with his mother to all corners of the world.atravel bto travelctravelled dtravelling答案d解析句意为：他有一个非常美好的童年，那时他跟着他的妈妈周游世界。从句意看他和旅游之间为主动关系，又因为he had a wonderful childhood是一个完整的句子，故选d项。.汉译英毫无疑问，一个清洁工干的活比社会上其他工作都要辛苦。(there is no doubt that.)(2013广东读写任务)there is no doubt that what a cleaner does is harder compared with any other jobs in the society.1i am always delighted when i receive an email from you. the party on july 1st，i shall be pleased to attend.(2013江苏，26)aon account of bin response tocin view of dwith regard to答案d解析考查介词短语辨析。句意为：当我收到你的email时，我总是很高兴。至于7月1日的聚会，我将很乐意参加。on account of由于，因为；in response to响应，回答；in view of鉴于，考虑到；with regard to至于，关于。2the parents were shocked by news that their son needed operation on his knee.(2013重庆，32)aa；/ bthe；/ cthe；a