Linux系统管理.doc

Linux系统管理实验目的1. 掌握用户和组的概念、配置文件和常用命令；2. 掌握常用软件包的管理方法。二、 实验环境计算机一台，内存1GB，且安装有VMware Workstation 7，pa在虚拟机中安装Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Server。三、实验内容（一）用户和组管理1使用命令创建用户账户zhangsan，并设置其口令为111111，设置用户名全称为张三，办公室电话为57111111；rootlocalhost # useradd zhangsanrootlocalhost # cat /etc/passwd |grep zhangsanzhangsan:x:503:503:/home/zhangsan:/bin/bashrootlocalhost # passwd zhangsanChanging password for user zhangsan.New UNIX password: BAD PASSWORD: it does not contain enough DIFFERENT charactersRetype new UNIX password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.rootlocalhost # chfn zhangsanChanging finger information for zhangsan.Name : 张三 Office : Office Phone : 57111111Home Phone : Finger information changed.rootlocalhost # finger zhangsanLogin: zhangsan Name: 张三Directory: /home/zhangsan Shell: /bin/bashOffice: 57111111Never logged in.No mail.No Plan.2使用命令修改用户账户zhangsan的UID为700，其Shell类型为/bin/ksh；rootlocalhost # cat /etc/passwd|grep zhangsanzhangsan:x:503:503:张三,57111111:/home/zhangsan:/bin/bashrootlocalhost # usermod -u 700 zhangsan rootlocalhost # usermod -s /bin/ksh zhangsanrootlocalhost # cat /etc/passwd|grep zhangsanzhangsan:x:700:503:张三,57111111:/home/zhangsan:/bin/ksh3使用命令删除用户账户zhangsan，并且在删除该用户的同时一起删除其主目录；rootlocalhost # ls /homewebadmin yingcao zhangsanrootlocalhost # userdel -r zhangsanrootlocalhost # ls /homewebadmin yingcao4使用命令创建组群group1，并且在创建时设置其GID为800；rootlocalhost # groupadd -g 800 group1rootlocalhost # cat /etc/group |grep group1group1:x:800:5使用命令修改组群group1的新组群名称为newgroup，设置组群group1的口令为222222。rootlocalhost # cat /etc/group |grep group1group1:x:800:rootlocalhost # groupmod -n newgroup group1rootlocalhost # cat /etc/group |grep newgroupnewgroup:x:800:rootlocalhost # gpasswd newgroup正在修改 newgroup 组的密码新密码：请重新输入新密码：（二）软件包管理1查询了解当前系统所安装的软件包程序；rpm qa显示了很多信息2查询显示当前所安装的软件包名中包含tel关键字的软件包；rootlocalhost # rpm -qa|grep teltelnet-0.17-39.el53查询已安装的telnet-0.17-39软件包所包含的文件及其安装位置；rootlocalhost # rpm -ql telnet-0.17-39.el5/usr/bin/telnet/usr/share/man/man1/telnet.1.gz4查询当前系统是否安装telnet-server服务器软件包；rpm -q telnet-serverpackage telnet-server is not installed5若没有安装，则安装telnet-server-0.17-38.el5.i386.rpm软件包，然后查询telnet-server软件包安装是否成功；rootlocalhost # mkdir /media/cdromrootlocalhost # mount -t iso9660 /dev/hda /media/cdrommount: block device /dev/hda is write-protected, mounting read-onlyrootlocalhost # cd /media/cdromrootlocalhost cdrom# lsREADME-kn.html RELEASE-NOTES-hi.html RELEASE-NOTES-U5-gu.html Serverrootlocalhost cdrom# cd Serverrootlocalhost Server# ls | grep telnettelnet-0.17-39.el5.i386.rpmtelnet-server-0.17-39.el5.i386.rpmrootlocalhost Server# rpm -ivh telnet-server-0.17-39.el5.i386.rpmwarning: telnet-server-0.17-39.el5.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186Preparing. # 100% 1:telnet-server # 100%rootlocalhost Server# rpm -q telnet-servertelnet-server-0.17-39.el56在windows系统的命令行状态下，使用“telnet Linux主机IP地址”命令格式，登录Linux主机，以测试能否利用telnet服务器进行远程登录和访问Linux主机；安装成功后，启动telnet服务，并在防火墙设置中将telnet添加为信任服务；rootlocalhost Server# chkconfig telnet on/启动telnet服务要求：为小组内每个成员分配一个用户名和口令，方便以后实验。rootlocalhost # telnet 82Trying 82.Connected to 82 (82).Escape character is .Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.5 (Tikanga)Kernel 2.6.18-194.el5xen on an i686login: teacherPassword: teacherlocalhost $7将整个/etc目录打包并压缩成myetc.tar.gz文件，并保存在/root目录中；rootlocalhost # tar zcf myetc.tar.gz /etctar: 从成员名中删除开头的“/”tar: 从硬连接目标中删除开头的“/”rootlocalhost # find / -name myetc.tar.gz/root/myetc.tar.gz8将整个/etc目录的文件列表保存到/root/myfile.txt文件中，然后将该文件打包压缩成myfile.txt.tar.bz2；rootlocalhost # ls -a /etc myfile.txtrootlocalhost # cat myfile.txt.a2ps.cfga2ps-site.cfg(显示很多只粘贴了部分)rootlocalhost # tar jcf myfile.txt.tar.bz2 myfile.txttar: 从成员名中删除开头的“/”rootlocalhost # find -name myfile.txt.tar.bz2./myfile.txt.tar.bz29删除myfile.txt文件；rootlocalhost # rm /root/myfile.