2012职称英语理工A所有带加号的-字典版(答案).doc

Captain 256 germson第一部分 词汇选项1. Americas emphasis on the importance of education for everyone has spurred scientific research. A) encouraged B) endangered C) endorsed D) enlarged2. Techniques to harness the energy of the sun are being developed.A ) convert B) store C) utilize D) receive3. Our plan is to allocate one member of staff to handle appointments.A) assign B) persuaded C) ask D) order4. We also want to use the water to irrigate barren desert land.A) hairless B) bare C) empty D) bald5. Their interpretation was faultyA) wrong B) ambiguous C) unclear D) unbelievable6.These old buildings are gorgeous A) ridiculous B) lovelyC) magnificent D) peculiar7. Contact your doctor if the cough persists A) insists B) perseveres C) continues D) resists8. The powers of the European Commission to regulate competition in the Community are increasing A) fight B) abolish C) remove D) control9.They scattered after dinnerA) separated B) fled C) departed D) spread10.From my standpoint , you know, this thing is just ridiculousA) position B) point of view C) knowledge D) opinion11.The story was touchingA) inspiring B) boring C) moving D) frightening12. This poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a small town in the South.A) describes B) drawsC) writes D) introduces13. The telephone system is no longer operative. A) running B) moving C) rotating D) working14. Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake. A) shakenB) fallen C) damaged D) trembled15. The latest car model embodies many new improvements. A) consists of B) includesC) makes up D) marks16. Thick clouds obscured the stars from view. A) darkened B) held C) blackened D) prevent17. The parents have to restrain their daughter from running out into the street.A)disallowB)reduceC)prevent D) confine18. The discovery was sensational. A) sexy B) surprising C) exceptionalD) exciting19. After supper we usually take a stroll around the park for about an hour. A) walk B) rest C) bath D) breath20. The latest census is encouraging.A) count B) statementC) greement D) estimate21. Academic records from other institutions often become part of a universitys official file and can neither be returned to a student nor duplicated.A) borrowed B) purchasedC) copied D) rewritten22. It was a question of making sure that certain needs were addressed, notably in the pensions area.A) noticeably B) remarkablyC) particularly D) significantly23. Many of their ideas are being incorporated into orthodox medical treatment.A) acceptableB) conservativeC) westernD) conventional24. Charges for local telephone calls are outrageous.A) unheardofB) unacceptableC) unbelievable D) ridiculous25Philip Roth was hailed as a major new author in 1960.A) publishedB) challengedC) acclaimed D) guided26. It is postulated that population trends have an effect on economic fluctuations.A) challengedB) assumedC) deducted D) decreed27. This kind of animals are on the verge of extinction, because so many are being killed for their fur.A) drying upB) dying outC) being exportedD) being transplanted28. The train came to an abrupt stop, making us wonder where we were.A) slowB) noisyC) sudden D) jumpy29 During the Second World War, all important resources in the U.S. were allocated by the federal government.A) nationalizedB) commandeeredC) taxed D) distributed30. In their productions, choreographers of modern dance have introduced humor, protested social injustice, and probed psychological problems.A) solvedB) exploredC) involved D) disputed31. The children trembled with fear when they saw the policeman.A) wept B) criedC) ran D) shook32. We have got to abide by the rulesA) stick to B) persist inC) safeguard D) apply33. The river widens considerably as it begins to turn east.A) extends B) stretchesC) broadens D) traverses34. It was hard to say why the man deserved such shabby treatment.A）unforgettable B）unbelievableC）unfairD）unthinkable35. We all think that the new device he has proposed is ingenious.A）effectiveB）cleverC）implausible D）original36. Reading the job ad, he wondered whether he was eligible to apply for it.A）competitiveB）diligentC）qualified D）competent37. He impressed all his colleagues as a vigorous man in the prime of his career.A）hot-tempered B）healthyC）friendly D）patient第二部分 阅读判断 The Northern Lights1. The Suns gravity is too weak to keep its plasma from flowing to the Earth. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned (B)2. The Earth is quite safe with a magnetic field surrounding it to protect it from the attack by the solar wind. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned (A)3. Some scientists are worrying about the possible disappearance of the Earths protective magnetic field in the future. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned (C)4. The auroras are formed when the electrons falling into the Earths atmosphere at the poles and colliding with gas molecules in the atmosphere. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned (A)5. You cannot sec the Northern Lights unless you are in Alaska or Canada. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned (B)6. Tens of thousands of tourists take special trips to Norway and Sweden every year to watch the Northern Lights. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned (C)7. An aurora is generally close to the ground and is very long and thick. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned (B)第十四篇 Biodiesel1.Thailand suffers a lot due to the price slumps of its biodiesel. (C)2. Biodiesel is superior in quality to traditional petroleum. (B)3. Biodiesel can be made from coconut and palm oil, or from waste cooking oil. （A） 4. Malaysia, and the Philippines are the first countries in the world to have public policy supporting the commercialization of biodiesels.( B)5. Yuthachai fuel is welcomed by both farmers and ferry operators for its low prices.(A)6. Yuthachai,the inventor of biodiesel,is currently the general manager of a US-Thailand joint venture in Bangkok.(C)7. It seems that Yuthachai places his fellow farmersinterest before his own.(A)CBABACA第十五篇 Image Martian Dust Particles1. The dust particle on Mars is the small particle that has been imaged outside of Earth. (A)2. Using the same technology, we have also measured the size of particles on the moon and Jupiter.(C)3. Scientists use the highest resolution microscope to watch and record the image of Martian particles on earth.(B)4. Tom Pike said that they used to think it was no easy job to image such small particles. (A)5. An electronic device has been developed to measure the weight of certain Martian particles. (C)6. After collecting the last Martian dust particle, the scientists have started to build up a portrait gallery of it(.B)7. The Phoenixs robotic arm collected the Martian dust particles for analysis on Mars. (A)第三部分 概括大意和完成句子第十三篇 Face Masks May Not Protect from Super-Flu1. Paragraph 2_ D_2. Paragraph 3_ C _3. Paragraph 5 _A_4. Paragraph 6_F_Reasons for Excluding Masks From the Self-protection, ListEffort to Stop Flu From Spreading When to Use Face MasksGuidelines on Mask UseWarnings From the CDC Danger of Infection Through Germy Hands and Masks5. The scientists are trying to find out if masks may or may not_ _E_.6. The CDC is afraid that the public may_A_.7. The public will not know the answer about masks until scientists_ F_8. We can infer from the passage that the US authorities_ B_A overuse face masksB deal with the mask problem seriously C rub their faces and noses in the subwayD protest against the mask guidelines E help protect people from being attacked by a fluF announce the result of their mask researchDCAF，EAFB第十四篇 The Magic Io Personal Digital Pen1.Paragraph 2 _F_2.Paragraph 3 _B_3.Paragraph 5 _A_4.Paragraph 6 _C_A. A Friendly and Convenient Deice B. Ways to Download the Stored Information C. Examples of Other Potential Applications of the io Pen D. Customers Passion for the io Pen E. FedEx the First User of the io Pen F. Working Principle of the io Personal Digital Pen 5. There is no need to learn how to use the io Personal Digital Pen because _D_. 6. If you want to download what you have done with you have done with the magic pen, _ E_. 7. The magic pen is particularly convenient when you work away from home or office because _ _A_. 8. No matter what you write or draw, _F_. A. you dont have to carry your laptop along B. the information will be shown digitally on the pen C. FedEx has special software to store your information D. it works like an ordinary pen E. you simply place the pen into its computer-connected cradle F. the movement of your pen is recorded digitally inside the pen FBAC，DEAF第十五篇Maglev rains1.Paragraph 2 _A_2.Paragraph 3 _E_3.Paragraph 5 _C_4.Paragraph 6 _B_A The Main Components of the Maglev Train SystemB High-speed Maglev due to Zero FrictionC The Working Principle of the Maglev TrainD Differences between Polarity and Magnetic FieldE Comparison of Maglev Trains with Traditional OnesF Maglev with a Powerful Motor 5. Several countries in the world are using strong electromagnets _ A.6. You can connect a wire to the positive and negative ends of a battery _ D_.7. A unique system of magnetic fields is created by the coils _C. 8. The frictionless maglev train enables you F.A to develop a maglev train rail systemB To explain why maglev trains are fasterC to pull and push the train forwardD to create a magnetic fieldE to experiment with the maglev trainF to travel from Paris to Rome in about two hoursAECB，ADCF第四部分 阅读理解 第四十一篇 Too Little for Global Warming Oil and gas will run out1 too fast for doomsday global warming scenarios2 to materialize, according to a controversial new analysis presented this week at the University of Uppsala in Sweden. The authors warn that all the fuel will be burnt before there is enough carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to realize predictions of melting ice caps and searing temperatures. Defending their predictions, scientists from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change3 say they considered a range of estimates of oil and gas reserves, and point out that coal-burning could easily make up4 the shortfall. But all agree that burning coal would be even worse for the planet. The IPCCs predictions of global meltdown pushed forward5 the 1997 Kyoto Protocol6, an agreement obliging signatory nations to cut CO2 emissions. The IPCC considered a range of future scenarios, from unlimited burning of fossil-fuels to a fast transition towards greener energy sources. But geologists Anders Sivertsson, Kjell Aleklett and Colin Campbell of Uppsala University say there is not enough oil and gas left even the most conservative of the 40 IPCC scenarios to come to pass7. Although estimates of oil and gas reserves vary widely, the researchers are part of a growing group of experts who believe that oil supplies will peak as soon as 2010, and gas soon after. Their analysis suggests that oil and gas reserves combined amount to the equivalent of about 3,500 billion barrels of oil considerably less than the 5,000 billion barrels estimated in the most optimistic model envisaged by the IPCC. Even the average forecast of about 8,000 billion barrels is more than twice the Swedish estimate of the worlds remaining reserves. Nebojsa akicenovic, an energy economist at the University of Vienna, Austria who headed the 80-strong IPCC team that produced the forecasts, says the panels work still stands8. He says they factored in9 a much broader and internationally accepted range of oil and gas estimates than the “conservative” Swedes. Even if oil and gas run out. “theres a huge amount of coal underground that could be exploited.” He says that burning coal could make the IPCC scenarios come true, but points out that such a switch would be disastrous. Coal is dirtier than oil and gas and produces more CO2 for each unit of energy, as well as releasing large amounts of particulates. He says the latest analysis is a “shot across the bows10” for policy makers.词汇: doomsday /5du:mzdei/n.世界末日 signatory /5sinEtEri/adj.签约的 signatory /5sinEtEri/ adj.签约的 envisage /in5vizidV/v.设想，打算采取 carbon dioxide (CO2)二氧化碳 Swede /swi:d/n.瑞典 sear /siE/ v.灼热，烧灼 disastrous /di5zB:strEs/adj.灾难性的 shortfall /5FC:tfC:l/n.缺少，不足 particulate /pE5tikjulit/n.微粒protocol /5prEutEkCl/n.协议 注释: 1. run out:被用完 2. doomsday global warming scenarios:全球变暧这一世界求末的场景。 scenarios:指“预料或期望的一系列事件的模式”，在戏剧中指“一场，一景”。 3. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC):政府间气候变化专门委员会 4. make up:弥补 5. push forward:抓紧进行，推进 6. Kyoto:京都（日本本州中西部一峻市）。Kyoto Protocol:京都议定书（京都议定书是联合国气候变化框架公约的约定俗成的称呼。京都议定书规定，到 2010年，所有发达国家排放的二氧化碳等六种温室气体的数量，要比 1990年减少 52%。) 7. come to pass: happen, occur (发使) 8. the panels work still stands委员会的工作结果 (即对世界燃料的存量估算 )仍然站得住脚。 9. factor in:包括，把计算在内，如 :They factored sick days and vacations in when they prepared the work schedule. 当他们准备工作时间表时，他们把病假和假期都包括在内。 10. shot across the bows:泼冷水，使打消计划和念头练习: 1. What do the authors of the new analysis presented at the University of Uppsala intend to say?A The burning of coal will accelerate the arrival of Earths doomsday. B The oil reserves are big enough to materialize the doomsday scenarios. C Melting ice caps and searing temperatures exist only in science fiction. D Oil and gas will run out so fast that Earths doomsday will never materialize. 2. Nations that signed the Kyoto Protocol agree to A pay attention to global meltdown. B cut CO2 emissions. C use more green energy. D stop using fossil fuels. 3. What are the estimates of the worlds oil and gas reserves? A 4,000 billion barrels by the average forecast. B 8,000 billion barrels estimated by the Swedes. C 3,500 barrels envisaged by IPCC. D 3,500 billion by a growing numher of scientists. 4. Which of the following about Nebojsa Nakicenovic is true? A He thinks fossil fuels are as dirty as oil and gas. B He thinks green fuels will replace oil and gas eventually. C He thinks IPCCs view on the worlds oil reserves is too optimistic. D He thinks that IPCCs estimates are more optimistic than the Swedes. 5. Which of the following is the near explanation of Nakicenovics assertion that“ such a switch would be disastrous ”? A The IPCC scenarios would come true because burning coal will emit larger amounts of CO2. B A switch to burning coal would produce disastrous environmental problems. C Oil and gas to replace coal as fuel would speed up the process of global warming. D A switch from the IPCC scenarios to the policymakers ones would be disastrous. 答案与题解 : 1. D 第一段第一句 too fast for doomsday global warming scenarios to materialize中包含 too. to结构，意思是：“太以至于不”。new analysis 的争议性 (controversial)在于，这种分析认为，在大气含有足够多的二氧化碳触发地球末日到来之前，地球上所有的燃料储存都将已燃尽。 2. B 第二段第一句告诉我们 .因为 IPCC预言了全球性冰雪融化，这就导致了京部议定书的出台。京都议定书责成签约国减少二氧化碳的排放量。 A、C和 D都不是作者所要表达的意思。 3. D 越来越多的专家认为 2010年将是石油供应的高峰期，紧接着就是天然气。他们认为石油和天燃气的总量在 3,500 billion barrels左右。而 IPCC的估算是 5,000 billion barrels。 4. D Nebojsa Nakicenovic认为瑞典人对石油储藏量的估算是保守的，少于 4万亿桶，而 IPPC的估算是 5万亿桶，所以是 more optimistic的。Nakicenovic是 energy economist, 所以既是经济学家，又是能源专家。他认为 IPCC的估算考虑到一些国际认定的燃料储存， A、B和 C都不符合文章的意思。 5. B文章昀后一段中的 he指上段中的 Nebojsa Nakicenovic。他认为有大量的地下煤可以开采，煤的燃烧能使 IPCC的预言成为现实，但是燃烧煤会产生灾难性的后果。 such a switch指从使用石油和天然气到使用煤的转换。第四十二篇 Renewable Energy Sources Today petroleum provides around 40% of the worlds energy needs, mostly fuelling automobiles1. Coal is still used, mostly in power stations, to cover one-quarter of our energy needs, but it is the least efficient, unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel2. Natural gas reserves could plug some of the gap from oil3, but reserves of that will not last into the 22nd century either. Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years4. We could fast reach an energy crisis. We need to rapidly develop sustainable solutions to fuel our future5. Less-polluting renewable energy sources offer a more practical long-term energy solution. They may benefit the worlds poor too. “Renewable”, refers to the fact that these resources are not used faster than they can be replaced. The Chinese and Romans used watermills over 2,000 years ago. But the first hydroelectric dam was built in England in 1870. Hydroelectric power is now the most common form of renewable energy, supplying around 20% of world electricity. Chinas Three Gorges Dam6, which has just been completed, is the largest ever. At five times the size of the USs Hoover Dam7, its 26 turbines will generate the equivalent energy of 18 coal-fired power stations8. It will satisfy 3% of Chinas entire electricity demand. Surprisingly, some argue that hydroelectric dams significantly contrihute greenhouse gases. In 2003, the first commercial power station to harness tidal currents9 in the open sea opened in Norway. It is designed like windmill, but others take the form of turbines. As prices fall, wind power has become the fastest growing type of electricity generation quadrupling10 worldwide between 1999 and 2005. Modern wind farms consist of turbines that generate electricity. Though it will be more expensive, there is more than enough wind to provide the worlds entire energy needs. Wind farms come in onshore and offshore forms. They can often end up at spots of natural beauty11, and are often unpopular with residents. And turbines are not totally benign they can interfere with radar and leave a significant ecological footprint1