【备战】高中英语 分类突破赢高考15.doc

备战2014英语分类突破赢高考15不定式作状语时相当于一个状语从句，不定式作状语时往往用来作目的状语、结果状语或原因状语。1不定式用来作目的状语：作目的状语时，不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语，这里往往译作“为了，想要”。(2009辽宁卷)to be a winner，you need to give all you have and try your best.要想成为赢家，你要付出所有并竭尽全力。2不定式用于so.as to .，such.as to；enough to；too.to；only to等结构中作结果状语。would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle?你能不能行行好，借给我你的自行车？he is such a fool as to think that his strange behaviour can inflect others.他如此愚蠢以至于认为他奇怪的行为会影响他人。he hurried to the booking office only to have been told all the tickets had been sold out.他匆忙去了售票处，结果被告诉所有的票已经卖完了。专家提醒：“onlyto do”表示出乎意料的结果，tell 和主语he 之间存在动宾关系，因而应用不定式的被动结构。而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。his parents died，leaving him an orphan.他的父母去世了，使他成为孤儿。1.(2010江西卷)there were many talented actors out there just waiting_.ato discoverbto be discoveredcdiscovereddbeing discovered解析：句意为：很多有天赋的演员就在那里等待被发现。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。此题空格处用不定式来表示目的，而且actors与discover之间为被动关系，所以b项为答案。答案：b2(2010合肥第二次教学检测)why are the students working so hard these days._ready for the coming entrance examination.ato getbgetcgettingdgot解析：考查非谓语动词。根据答语“为了即将来临的入学考试准备”可知，此句是省略句，不定式作状语，表示目的。答案：a3(2010新课标全国卷)with fathers day around the corner，i have taken some money out of the bank_presents for my dad.abuybto buycbuyingdto have bought解析：句意为：父亲节就要到了，我已经从银行取了些钱出来准备给爸爸买些礼物。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。从语境看，本空在句中作目的状语，用不定式，因此a的动词原形、c的现在分词、d的不定式完成式都不符合题意。答案：b1过去分词作状语和现在分词作状语一样，修饰主句的谓语动词，意义上相当于状语从句，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随状况等。(2009江西卷)given the right kind of training，these teenager soccer players may one day grow into international stars.如果得到正确的训练，这些少年足球选手有朝一日可能成为国际明星。(2009福建卷)reminded not to miss the flight at 1520，the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.提醒不要错过1520的航班，他匆忙出发过了机场。2某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构中。此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，这样的词有：lost(迷路的)，seated(坐)，hidden(躲)，lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)，tired of(感到厌倦)等，不管它们作什么成分都不用其ing形式。lost in the mountains for a week，we were finally saved by the local police.在大山里迷失一个星期，我们最终被当地警察所救。absorbed in his book，he didnt notice me enter the room.专心读书，他没注意到我进入房间。1.(2010陕西卷)_from the top of the tower，the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.aseenbseeingchaving seendto see解析：句意为：从塔顶往下看，南边的山脚下是一片树的海洋。本题考查分词作状语。分词作状语，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致。主语the south foot of the mountain 与see 在逻辑上为被动关系，四个选项中只有a项表被动。答案：a2(2010杭州市第二次教学检测)_by a greater demand for green products，the food company has set higher standards to ensure the quality.adrivenbbeing drivencto drivedhaving driven解析：考查非谓语动词。绿色食品的巨大需求使食品公司制订了更高的标准以保证质量。动词drive与其逻辑主语the food company 存在动宾关系，因此应该使用过去分词。答案：a3(2009重庆卷)michaels new house is like a huge palace，_with his old one.acomparing bcomparescto compare dcompared解析：句意为：和旧房子相比，michael的新房子就像一座巨大的宫殿。compare与逻辑主语michaels new house之间构成被动关系。答案：d1动词的ing 短语作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作，它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动词的ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。being ill，he couldnt go to school.因为生病，他不能去上学。(原因)my car was caught in a traffic jam，thus causing the delay.我的车被交通拥挤堵住，所以延误了。(结果)as the light turned green，i stood for a moment，not moving，and asked myself what i was going to do.(伴随)当交通路灯变绿灯时，我站了一会儿，一动不动，自问要做什么事。2现在分词有：一般式、被动式、完成式和完成被动式四种形式，每一种形式的否定式都是直接在前面加not 构成。一般式(doing)表示主动的一般性的动作或者正在进行的动作；被动式(being done)表示正在进行的被动的动作；完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的主动的动作；完成被动式(having being done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动的动作。not having received a reply，he decided to write again.没有得到答复，他决定再写信去。the old man，having worked abroad for twenty years，came back to his motherland.(work 与句子的主语the old man之间存在主谓关系，而且work这一动作发生在谓语动作之前)在国外工作了二十年，这位老人回到了祖国。having been scolded many times，he determined to study hard to catch up with others.多次被批评之后，他决定努力学习赶上他人。3有一些固定结构，如：generally speaking，taking everything into consideration，judging from/by等，无论主语是什么都用这种形式作状语。taking everything into consideration，the result is better than expected.把一切因素考虑进去，结果比预料的要好。judging from what he said，he must be an honest man.从他说的话来判断，他一定是一位诚实的人。4现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别：如果是意义上的主谓关系，一般用动词ing形式；如果是意义上的动宾关系，则一般用过去分词。seen from the top of the hill，the park looks even more beautiful.从山顶上看，这个公园显得更加美丽。(see 与主语the park之间存在动宾关系)seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful.从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。(see与主语we之间存在主谓关系)1.(2010湖南卷)dina，_for months to find a job as a waitress，finally took a position at a local advertising agency.astrugglingbstruggledchaving struggleddto struggle解析：句意为：几个月以来，dina 一直努力想找一份女服务员的工作，最终她在当地一家广告代理处谋到了一个职位。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。设空处与句子主语为逻辑上的主谓关系，故排除b项；不定式作状语一般表示目的，故排除d项；c项相当于：dina had_struggled_for_months to find a job as a waitress.而a项相当于：dina was_struggling_for_months to find a job as a waitress.根据句意可知，c项更符合要求，故为答案。答案：c2(2010北京卷)_at my classmates faces，i read the same excitement in their eyes.alookingblookcto lookdlooked解析：句意为：看着同学们的面孔，我从他们的眼中读出了同样的兴奋。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。look 是谓语动词形式，故排除；to look 通常表目的，在此不符合题意；look 与i构成逻辑上的主动关系，d项被排除。答案：a3(2010海淀第二学期期末)_a written permission，he had to write another letter to the president of the university.anot givingbnot having been givenchaving not givendhaving not been given解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词作状语。逻辑主语是句子的主语，非谓语动词与逻辑主语是被动关系，且其动作在谓语动词动作之前已经发生，故用过去分词或现在分词的完成被动式，选b。答案：b1现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。there are two roads before us，one leading to the beach，the other to the park.在我们面前有两条路，一条通向沙滩，另一条通向公园。2过去分词(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动或完成。(2009北京卷)for breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit grown on his own farm.早饭他只喝自己农场种植的新鲜水果榨出来的果汁。3动词不定式作定语多表示将来动作。(2009山东卷)we are invited to a party to be held in our club next friday.我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举行的聚会。1.(2010海南五校联考)im afraid well have to work extra hours，for there are still some problems_.aremaining to settlebremaining to be settledcremained to talk aboutdto remain to discuss解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是分词短语作后置定语，remain与problems 之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词形式；问题是亟待被解决，故应用to be settled。综上所述可知答案为b。答案：b2(2010重庆卷)many buildings in the city need repairing，but the one_first is the library.arepairedbbeing repairedcrepairingdto be repaired解析：句意为：本市有许多建筑需要维修，但首先该维修的是图书馆。考查非谓语动词作定语。the one(building)与repair之间为被动关系，故排除c项；a项表已经完成；b项表正在进行；d项表将来。根据题意，正确答案为d项。答案：d3(2010北京卷)im calling to enquire about the position_in yesterdays china daily.aadvertisedbto be advertisedcadvertisingdhaving advertised解析：句意为：我打电话来是想询问一下有关昨天在中国日报上刊登的招聘职位的情况。本题考查非谓语动词作后置定语。空格处部分作position 的定语，与position 在逻辑上是被动关系，根据句意“职位已在昨天的报纸上被刊登”，表示被动及完成，故a项符合题意。答案：a1过去分词作宾语补足语：过去分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。ill have my house painted tomorrow.明天我会让人把我的房子粉刷一下。(被动)when i opened the door，i found the ground covered by fallen leaves.当我打开门时，我发现地面被落叶所覆盖。2现在分词作宾语补足语：现在分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系。现在分词作宾语补足语强调正在进行的主动动作，即动作过程的一个部分。可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see，watch，hear，observe，feel，find，have，keep等。(2009全国卷)they use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly.他们使用电脑使交通畅通无阻。1.(2010湖南卷)listen！do you hear someone_for help?acallingbcallcto calldcalled解析：句意为：听！你听到有人正在求救吗？本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。设空处与宾语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故排除d项；不定式作感官动词或使役动词的宾补要省去to且不表示动作正在进行，故排除c项；因为表示动作正在进行，故排除b项；现在分词calling 表主动且表正在进行，故为答案。答案：a2(2010辽宁卷)alexander tried to get his work_in the medical circles.ato recognizebrecognizingcrecognizedrecognized解析：句意为：alexander 试图使自己的工作在医学界得到认可。本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。get sth.done 表示使某事物被做，如get my hair cut 表示理发；get her finger burnt 表示她的手指被烧伤。答案：d3(2011哈尔滨检测)its wonderful to hike with dad and i have felt_with him.ato protectedbprotectedcprotectingdto be protected解析：本题考查非谓语动词。根据语境知felt 与protect 之间是被动关系，排除选项a和c；和父亲一起的徒步旅行已经结束，排除选项d。答案：bhave，get 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中have，get表示“使、让、叫”之意。1have sth.doneget sth.done 使/让某事由别人去做(叫/让某人做某事)ill have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天得(请人)修一下我的自行车。mr smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.史密斯先生在度假期间，他家的房子被别人破门而入。注意：have sb.doing 若用于否定句中，其中have 有“容忍”之意。i wont have you speaking to your dad like that.我不允许你和你父亲那样讲话。1.(2010青岛二模)hurry up，mary! its time to go.im getting_.have a little patience.adressbdressingcto dressddressed解析：考查非谓语动词。get dressed是一个固定的词组，表示“穿衣服”。语意：mary，快点，我们该走了。稍等下，我正在穿衣服呢。答案：d2(2010山东卷)i have a lot of readings_before the end of this term.acompletingbto completeccompleted dbeing completed解析：句意为：本学期结束前我有许多阅读要完成。考查非谓语动词作定语。have sth.to do有某事要做，to do的逻辑主语需和主句主语一致；当不定式的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致时，可用have sth.to be done结构。答案：b3(2009重庆卷)with the world changing fast，we have something new _ with all by ourselves every day.adealbdealtcto dealddealing解析：本题考查不定式作定语。句意为：随着世界的快速变化，我们每天都有新的问题要独自处理。have something to deal，动词deal 逻辑上的主语是we，也就是句子的主语。答案：c4(2010东城练习二)every year，tom remembers to have some flowers_to her mother on her birthday.asendbsentcsendingdbeing sent解析：本题考查非谓语动词。have something done表示某事被做。答案：b1(2010四川卷)in many peoples opinion，that company，though relatively small，is pleasant _.ato deal withbdealing withcto be dealt withddealt with解析：句意为：许多人认为那家公司虽然相对比较小，但与之相处令人愉快。本题考查非谓语动词作主语补语。“主语be性质形容词动词不定式”结构中，主语和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式需用及物动词形式，如：the work is very difficult to do.(do the work)this house is very comfortable to live in.(live in the house)本题中主语和不定式可构成的动宾关系为：deal with the company，所以a项正确。答案：a2(2010上海卷)i had great difficulty_the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.afindbfoundcto finddfinding解析：句意为：在那个餐馆，我很难从菜单上找到合适的食物。have difficulty/trouble/problems(in)doing(做有困难)是固定搭配，所以选d项。答案：d3(2010上海卷)lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues_with her stories.aamusedbamusingcto amusedto be amused解析：句意为：lucy很有幽默感，总是讲故事让她的同事消遣。考查非谓语动词作宾补。首先排除c、d，因为keep 后不用不定式作宾补。amused 觉得好笑的；amusing 逗人笑的，令人觉得好笑的。答案：a4(2010浙江卷)the traffic rule says young children under the age of four and_less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.abeing weighedbto weighcweigheddweighing解析：句意为：交通规则规定：四岁以下，体重不到40磅的小孩必须坐在安全的座位上。考查非谓语动词作后置定语。分析句子结构可知，空格处的内容和under the age of four 并列作young children 的后置定语，weigh“重量为”此处为不及物动词，没有被动形式，故排除a和c两项；动词不定式作后置定语也需要用及物动词，b项也被排除。答案：d5(2010辽宁卷)we were astonished _the temple still in its original condition.afindingbto find cfinddto be found解析：句意为：发现那座寺庙依然是最初的面貌，我们很惊讶。本题考查不定式表示出乎意料的结果；另外be astonished to do也是常用的搭配，表示某人做某事的情绪，如：be pleased to see，be sorry to say等等。答案：b6(2010新课标全国卷)mrs white showed her students some old maps_from the library.ato borrowbto be borrowedcborroweddborrowing解析：句意为：怀特老师把从图书馆借来的几张旧地图展示给学生看。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。the map和borrow之间是逻辑上的被动关系，而且表示已经发生的动作，因此用过去分词作定语。答案：c7(2010陕西卷)his first book_next month is based on a true story.apublishedbto be publishedcto publishdbeing published解析：句意为：他的第一本书下个月将出版，这本书基于一个真实的故事写成。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。book 与publish 在逻辑上为被动关系，故排除c项；a项表完成；b项表将来；d项表正在进行。根据时间状语next month 可知事情将要发生，故正确答案为b项。答案：b8(2010江西卷)the lady walked around the shops，_an eye out for bargains.akeepbkeptckeepingdto keep解析：句意为：这位女士在商店周围闲逛，注意看有没有特价商品。本题考查非谓语动词作伴随状语。因shops 后为逗号，所以后面的部分不应该是句子，不用谓语动词的形式，排除a项；d项为不定式，常表目的，用在此处不符合句意；keep 和其逻辑上的主语是主动关系，不用过去分词，排除b项。答案：c9(2010福建卷)in april，thousands of holidaymakers remained_abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.asticking bstuckcto be stuckdto have stuck解析：句意为：四月，成千上万的度假者由于受到火山灰的影响，滞留在外。本题考查非谓语动词作表语。主语holidaymakers 与stick间为被动关系，排除a、d两项；remain过去分词，表示状态；remainbe done 表示将来。综上所述，答案为b项。答案：b10(2010山东卷)the living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already_for a meal to be cooked.alaidblayingcto lay dbeing laid解析：句意为：起居室既干净又整洁，餐桌已经摆好了。考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。table 与lay 在逻辑上是被动关系，排除b项；从already 可以看出动作已经发生，故排除c、d两项；a项表示被动且完成，故为正确答案。答案：a1 he scientist was rewarded by the government for_such a great contribution to the country.amakebmakingcbeing madedhaving made解析：考查非谓语动词。在介词for的后面要用动名词形式，在获奖前贡献已经做出了，所以要用其完成式。语意为：这位科学家因为为国家做出了巨大的贡献，得到了政府的奖励。答案：d2 a powerful earthquake struck haitis capital，_tens of thousands homeless and buried in ruins.aleftbto leavecbeing leftdleaving解析：考查非谓语动词。从语意可知，海地首都发生强烈地震，造成了成千上万的人无家可归和被埋在废墟中，现在分词短语作状语，表示结果。答案：d3 when the minister came to the snowstricken area，he was happy to see the disaster victims well_.atake care ofbtook care ofctaken care ofdtaking care of解析：考查非谓语动词。从句子的结构和语意可以看出victims 与take care of 存在逻辑上的动宾关系，因此使用被动形式，在句中充当宾语补足语。答案：c4 a few days after the interview i received a letter_my admission to the university.aofferingbofferedchaving offereddto be offered解析：考查非谓语动词。offer 和其逻辑主语a letter 之间是主谓关系，所以要用现在分词表主动，相当于which offered。语意为：面试后的几天，我收到了这所大学录取我的信。答案：a5 can you imagine what difficulty people had this year_against the severe natural disasters?afightingbto fightcfoughtdfight解析：考查固定句式的用法。“sb.have some difficulty in doing sth.”是固定句式，意思是“某人做某事有困难”，其中的介词in 可以省略。答案：a6how do you chinese celebrate midautumn day?well，it depends.for me，i usually sit in the yard，_the full moon with my family.aappreciatingbadmiringcappreciateddto admire解析：考查非谓语动词。现在分词短语admiring the full moon with my family 在句中作伴随状语，表示“我通常在中秋节坐在院子里和家人一起赏月”。空处动词与逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，其表示的动作和句子的谓语动词的动作同时发生或紧接着发生，故用现在分词；appreciate “欣赏”不用于进行时，故选b。答案：b7 cao caos tomb is reported_in anyang，which attracts nationwide attention.abeing foundbto be foundchaving been founddto have been found解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：据报道，安阳发现了曹操墓，引起了全国(民众)的关注。前半句是“its reported that cao caos tomb has been found in anyang”的另外一种表达方式，表示该动作已经发生，所以用不定式的完成形式。答案：d8 after suffering a heart attack，michael jackson was pronounced dead，_a tragic end to the worlds most popular entertainer.amarkingbto markcmarkeddhaving marked解析：本题考查非谓语动词。根据语境知，迈克尔杰克逊在心脏病突发后死去，这标志着世界上最受欢迎的艺人的悲惨结局。v.ing在此作结果状语。答案：a9 you can h