【创新设计 简易通】（江苏专用）高考英语二轮复习 第二部分 阅读理解专题专练 专题19 词义猜测专题测试.doc

第二部分阅读理解专题十九词义猜测passage 1(2013广州二模，a)are you an optimist？do you look at your glass and see it as half full？do you believe that every cloud has a silver lining and that generally things turn out for the best？do you believe that if something is meant to be，it will be？if you reply “yes” to all of these questions，then you are an optimist.you probably are enthusiastic，cheerful and outgoing.you may well be successful at work and in love.but you may be misguided because things dont turn out for the best.you may believe that when one door closes another one opens (for example，you may fail to land a new job，another chance will come around soon)wrong.when one door closes，another door slams in your face.thats bitter reality.now a book has been published which confirms what we pessimists(悲观者)have suspected all along.its called the positive power of defensive pessimism.its author argues that defensive pessimism can lead to positive results.defensive pessimism is a strategy used to manage fear，anxiety and worry.defensive pessimists prepare for things by setting low outcomes for themselves.they carefully consider everything that may go wrong and plan for ways to handle these problems.and this gives them a sense of control.lawrence sanno，a psychology professor，says，“whats interesting about defensive pessimists is that they tend to be very successful people，so their low opinion of the situations outcomes is not realistic.they use it to motivate themselves to perform better.”so far，so good.this is not rocket science.defensive pessimists prepare carefully and consider what might go wrong，whether at work，on a date or even in a sports game.it makes sense to have a backup plan.there are many sayings in english urging caution.for example，“dont put all your eggs in one basket.” and “dont count your chickens until they hatch.” to have a confident and optimistic approach to lifes problems is good.but listen to what woody alien，the american comedian says，“confidence is what you have before you understand the problem.”there are pros and cons to being an optimist and a pessimist.dont feel bad if you see the glass half empty.you are a realist.but lighten up and hook up with someone who sees the same glass half full.【语篇解读】你是不是认为乐观主义者更容易获得工作或爱情的成功？最近出版的一本书告诉你悲观主义者才有这样的机会，并分析了悲观主义者更容易成功的原因。1what is the passage mainly about?aa book that has recently been published.bthe dangers of being too optimistic.cthe benefits of defensive pessimism.dhow to become successful in life.解析主旨大意题。纵观全文，作者在第一段提出问题，乐观主义者容易成功吗？接下来第二段说现实是残酷的，并非乐观主义者想象的那么美好；第三、四段分析了悲观主义者更容易成功的原因，旨在说明所谓的悲观主义的益处。c项正确。答案c2the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refers to .athe final outcomebtheir low opinioncpeoples motivationdtheir performance解析猜测词义题。根据第三段倒数第二句.is that they tend to be very successful people，so their low opinion of the situations outcomes is not realistic.可知it指他们对事情结果的低调的判断。答案b3the underlined sentence “this is not rocket science” in paragraph 4 means .athe cost is not so highbthere is no real proofcits not a dangerous thing to dodit is quite simple to understand解析猜测词义题。“this is not rocket science”这句话承上启下，前段末尾提到悲观主义者多成功，其原因是对事情结果低调的判断促使其做得更好，在本段三、四两句，作者对他们如何做得更好进一步描述：defensive pessimists prepare.or even in a sports game.it makes sense to.plan.可知该句旨在提醒读者“这是显而易见的道理”。d项符合。答案d4the writer would probably describe himself as .aan optimistba realistca defeatistda scientist解析推理判断题。根据末段作者的叙述there are pros and cons to being an optimist and a pessimist.dont feel bad.who sees the same glass half full.可判断作者是位现实主义者。答案b5which of the following english expressions would a defensive pessimist believe?aevery cloud has a silver lining.bthe glass is half full not half empty.cwhatever will be，will be.ddont put all your eggs in one basket.解析事实细节题。根据文章首段可知，前三项都是乐观主义者的态度，根据倒数第二段中间，可知d项是消极主义者的态度。故选d。答案dpassage 2(2013湖南七市联考)talking plants might sound like characters in a fairy tale.but recent scientific studies have shown that plants communicate with each other and with other living things in a surprising number of ways.to understand them，scientists say，we just have to learn their language.farmers are especially interested in what plants have to say.“plants are able to communicate with all sorts of organisms(有机体)they can communicate with giant bacteria，with other plants and with insects.they do this chemically，” said cahill，an ecology professor of the university of alberta in canada.plant scientists are just beginning to understand this chemical “language”cahill says studies have shown, for example，that plants can evaluate conditions in their immediate environment and take appropriate actions.plants have an ability，for example，to signal pain or discomfort caused by anything from temperature extremes to an insect attack.jack schultz，a professor of chemical ecology at the university of missouri，says when a plant senses that its being eaten，it cannot walk away from trouble；on the contrary，it will release a chemical vapor that alerts other plants nearby.“their language is a chemical language，and it involves chemicals that move through the air that are easy to be changed，and most of all are smells that we are familiar with，” schultz explained.“all plants responded to the attack by changing their chemistry to defend themselves，” schultz recalled.“but we were quite surprised to find that nearby plants also changed their chemistry to defend themselves，even though they were not part of the experiment.”studies have also shown that plants under attack release pleasant chemicals.those chemicals attract friendly insects that attack the pests eating the plant.in the end，plants ability to communicate their needsand our ability to understand themcould help farmers reduce the use of poisonous chemicals，cut operating costs and limit damage to the environment.【语篇解读】植物会说话听起来就像童话故事一样。但是最近的科学研究表明植物确实能互相交流，也能和其他生物交流。而这一研究结果将对农业生产有一定的指导意义。6the recent scientific studies have shown that plants can .acommunicate with other living things in a chemical waybhardly react to any sudden change in temperaturecuse a very special chemical language which is familiar to usdrespond to the attack by giving off poisonous chemicals解析事实细节题。根据第二段中的plants are able to communicate with all sorts of organisms和they do this chemically，可知研究表明植物之间能够通过一种化学方式进行交流，故选a。答案a7when being eaten by an insect，the plant will .awalk away from troublebchange its chemi