新概念第二册课堂笔记Lesson 69.doc

Lesson 69 But not murder!【语法 Grammar in use】被动语态（1）被动语态的基本形式：Recently it was damaged by a visitor.最近它被一个客人弄坏了。（一般过去时）Passing planes can be heard night and day.过往飞机日夜不绝于耳。（与情态助动词连用）Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise.有一百多人肯定是被噪音逼得已经弃家远去。（must与被动语态的完成式连用）The bicycle was being sent to his home by train.人们正用火车给他把自行车送回家。（被动语态用于过去进行时）He never expected the thief to be arrested.他从未指望那小偷能被逮着。（被动语态用于复合宾语中的不定式结构中）The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost.整个村子很快知道，有一大笔钱丢失了。（用于过去完成时）（2）被动语态还可以用于介词+动名词结构中。介词（after, before, on）+动名词这个结构通常相当于一个时间状语从句。如果两个动作中有一个在另一个开始之前已经完成，则可以用 after+动名词的完成式表示第1个动作；如果只表示先后顺序，则可用after（或 before）+动名词结构； on+动名词通常表示两个动作几乎同时发生：After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence.在接到把车开出城的指令后，我开始有了信心。The man called the police after being robbed.那人遭抢劫后给警方打了电话。He killed a child before being arrested.他在被捕前杀死了一个孩子。On/After being told that her mother was seriously ill, she hurried back to England.她得知母亲病重后连忙回到英国。被动语态用于介词+动名词结构在英语中是很正式的用法，一般不用于口语中。（3）被动语态用于 want后面的不定式中时，to be可以省略：I want the luggage fetched from the hotel this afternoon.我希望有人今天下午去把行李从旅馆取回来。want后跟被动语态时往往表示希望别人完成所说的动作。（4）被动语态还可用于过去进行时，以强调动作的持续性【New words and expressions】murder n. 谋杀Murder is a horrible crime. 谋杀是一种恐怖的罪行。murder v. 谋杀/糟蹋，毁了They found that he had been murdered.他们判定他是被谋杀的Panjinlian, together with Xienqiang murdered her husband.He murdered the whole work.murderer杀人犯instruct v. 命令，指示instruct someone to do something命令某人做某事I have been instructed to wait here until he comesinstruction n. 说明书acquire v. 取得，获得，获得，学到（知识、技术、语言等），养成（习惯等）After many years efforts, I finally acquired the trust of my workmates.acquire confidence 获得信心Mary acquired a good knowledge of Chinese in five years time.Tom acquired a habit of smoking.confidence n. 信心She has a lot of confidence.她充满了自信.She has great confidence in her success.shatter sbs confidence动摇某人的信心 with great confidence满怀信心examiner n. 主考人suppose v. 假设Suppose conj.如果/假设Suppose we miss the train, what will do then?Suppose you had a Benz, how would you feel?Suppose v.假设/猜想I suppose it will rain.Suppose you had one million dollars, what would you do?Suppose you were him, what would you do?常用于“let us suppose that”这个结构：Let us suppose that there is a forest fire.让我们假设发生了森林火灾。tap v. 轻敲He tapped on the door.react v. 反应How did she react to your suggestion?She reacted by getting angry.reaction n.反映Whats her reaction to your decision?brake n. 刹车supportPress(put on) brake / ac-ce-le-ra-tor 踩刹车/油门 The drive braked hard as the dog ran onto the road.pedal n. 踏板Brake pedalmourn-ful adj. 悲哀的There was a mournful look on her face.a joyful /mournful sound高兴悲伤的声音 Misery and mournful苦楚悲痛【Text】But not murder!I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time. I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully. After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test. The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, Just one more thing, Mr. Eames. Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you. As soon as I tap on the window, you must stop within five feet. I continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly. Though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react. I suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard and we were both thrown forward. The examiner looked at me sadly. Mr. Eames, he said, in a mournful voice, you have just killed that child!我当时是正在被第3次考试驶执照。我被要求在车辆拥挤的路上驾驶，并且成功地这么做了。在被指示把车开出城后，我开始有了信心。确信我已通过考试，我几乎开始喜欢起我的考试了。主考人肯定对我的表现是满意的，因为他微笑着说：“只有一件事了，Eames先生。让我们假设一个小孩子突然在你前面穿过马路。我一敲车窗，你必须得在5英尺之内停下。”我继续开车，过了一会儿，主考人大声地敲了起来。尽管声音能被很清楚地听到，但我还是花了好长时间才作出反应。我突然用力踩紧刹车踏板，我们俩都被向前扔了出去。主考人伤心地看着我。“Eames先生，”他以悲伤的声调说，“你刚刚把那个小孩压死了！”【课文讲解】I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time. 我当时是正在被第3次考试驶执照。driving licence 驾驶执照for表目的Lets go for a walk. 我们出去散步吧。 I came here for my schoolbag.我来这儿取书包。for+次数Im meeting him for the first time today. 今天我要与他初次见面.Ill never forget seeing my daughter dance in public for the first time.我永远忘不了看着我女儿第一次当众跳舞的情景.I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully. 我被要求在车辆拥挤的路上驾驶，并且成功地这么做了。heavy adj. 大量的，多的，密集的Traffic is heavier on this road than on the other one.After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. 在被指示把车开出城后，我开始有了信心。介词短语作时间状语After having been instructedacquire通常表示通过努力“获得”、“学到（知识、技术、语言等）”，也可用来表示“养成（习惯等）”：Mary acquired a good knowledge of Chinese in five years time.5年之内玛丽学会了汉语。Tom acquired a habit of smoking.汤姆养成了抽烟的习惯。Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test. 确信我已通过考试，我几乎开始喜欢起我的考试了。Sure前面省略了being句首省略了分词being或feeling，在句中作状语（与分词结构作状语的情况类似）：Interested in the story, he finished reading the book in two hours.由于对故事（情节）感兴趣，他两个小时就把那本书读完了。As he was worried about his child, he didnt sleep last night.Worried about his child, he didnt sleep last night.The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, Just one more thing, Mr. Eames. Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you. As soon as I tap on the window, you must stop within five feet.主考人肯定对我的表现是满意的，因为他微笑着说：“只有一件事了，Eames先生。让我们假设一个小孩子突然在你前面穿过马路。我一敲车窗，你必须得在5英尺之内停下。”must have been表示对过去的事情的猜测performance n. 表现，表演，工作情况be pleased with 对满意They are pleased with his work.他们对他的工作满意。The manager isnt very pleased with his secretary.经理对他的秘书不太满意。more附加的；额外的：She needs some more time.她需要更多的时间let us suppose that 让我们假设 Let us suppose that there is a forest fire.I continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly. 我继续开车，过了一会儿，主考人大声地敲了起来。Though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react. 尽管声音能被很清楚地听到，但我还是花了好长时间才作出反应。I suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard and we were both thrown forward.我突然用力踩紧刹车踏板，我们俩都被向前扔了出去。The examiner looked at me sadly. Mr. Eames, he said, in a mournful voice, you have just killed that child!in a mournful voice 用悲伤的声调in a voice 以的声调He told them the news in a sad/excited voice.Summary writing摘要写作 Answer these questions in not more than 80 words. 回答下列问题，将答案组成一个段落，不要超过80个单词。 1Had Mr. Eames driven successfully in heavy traffic during his third driving test or not? What did the examiner instructhim to do?(when) Mr.Eames had driven successfully through heavy traffic during his third driving test when the examiner instructed him to drive out of town.2 What did he tell him to suppose?(thatwould) He told him to suppose that a child would suddenly cross the road in front of him.3What would Mr. Eames have to do when the examiner tapped on the window? Mr. Eames would have to stop the car within five feet when the examiner tapped on the window.4Did he tap loudly or not? Did Mr. Eames react quickly enough or not? What was he told?(Thoughand) Though he tapped loudly,Mr.Eames did not react quickly enough and was told that he had just killed the child.Composition作文 Write two or three sentences using the ideas given below: 用以下词组写出2至3个句子来： Three months later Earmes appeared for his fourth test-again told to stop-the examiner was thrown forward, but thechilds life was saved-Eames passed his test, but the examiner said,You nearly killed me this time! Three months later,Eames appeared for his fourth driving test.He was told to stop again. He stopped, the examiner was thrown forward but the childs life was saved.At last,Eames passed his test,but the examiner said,You nearly killed me this time!Letter writing书信写作 Write five opening phrases which could be used in letters to friends or relations. 为给朋友和亲戚的信写出5句开头语。 Key structures关键句型 After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. 被动语态 aYou have learnt to write sentences like these: 你已经学习了写这样的句子： It was made in Germany in 1681.(KS10)（第10课关键句型） I told you it could be done.(KS21)（第21课关键句型） I cant find my bag.It must have been stolen.(KS21) （第21课关键句型） The man was being questioned by the police.(KS34)（第34课关键句型） He never expected the bicycle to be found.(KS34)（第34课关键句型） I found the parcel had been sent to the wrong address.(KS45)（第45课关键句型） bNow study these sentences: 仔细阅读以下句子： Instead of saying: 除了这种表达方法外： We can say: 还可以说： After he was arrested, the man confessed that he had stolen the money. After being arrested, the man confessed that he had stolen the money. After he had been instructed to drive out of town, he began to acquire confidence. After having been instructed to drive out of town, he began to acquire confidence. Exercises练习 AUnderline the verbs in the passage which are similar in form to the examples given above. 在课文中划出与以上句型相似的动词。 BGive the correct form of the verbs in parentheses. Do not refer to the passage until you finish the exercise. 用正确的时态填空，完成练习后再对照课文核对你的答案。 I_(test)for my driving licence for the third time. I_(ask)to drive in heavy traffic and had doneso successfully. After_(have/instruct)to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. Sure that I hadpassed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test. The examiner_(must/please)with my performance, forhe smiled and said,Just one more thing, Mr. Eames. Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front ofyou. A s soon as I tap on the window, you must_(stop)within five feet. I continued driving and after sometime, the examiner tapped loudly. Though the sound_(could/hear)clearly, it took me a long time to react. I suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard and we both_(throw)forward. Special difficulties难点 Words often confused 经常容易混淆的词 aPractice, Advice. Study these pairs of sentences: 细读以下各对句子： He still needs a lot of practice. 他仍需大量的练习。 He practises the piano every day. 他每天练习弹钢琴。 I want to give you some advice. 我想给你提点建议。 What do you advise me to do? 你想建议我干什么？ bEnjoy, Entertain, and Amuse. Study these examples: 细读以下各对句子： I was almost beginning to enjoy my test.(11.4-5) We enjoyed ourselves at the party. 在聚会上我们玩得很痛快。 He entertained me to dinner. 他请我吃饭。 He entertained everybody with his clever tricks. 他精彩的戏法使大家都很高兴。 The children were amused by the circus clown. (They laughed.) 孩子们被马戏团的小丑逗乐了。 His funny stories amused us all. (They made us laugh.) 他那些稀奇古怪的故事把我们大家都逗乐了。 That child can amuse himself for hours playingin the sand.(He can pass his time happily.) 那个孩子可以一个人在沙堆里玩上几个小时。 Exercise练习 Choose the correct words in the following sentences: 选择正确的词： 1I never(amuse)(enjoy)(practicing)(practising)the piano. 2We were all(amused)(enjoyed)by the jokes he told us. 3He(advised)(adviced) me to get a(license)(licence). 4We rarely(entertain)(amuse)these days. 5We(entertained)(enjoyed)some friends to dinner last night. 6The magician(amused)(enjoyed) the audience very much. Multiple choice questions多项选择题 Comprehension理解 1Mr. Eames felt confident because _. (a) he was sure he hadnt failed this time(b) he had driven in heavy traffic(c) he had driven out of town (d) the examiner smiled 2Mr. Eames probably failed his test because _. (a) he ran over a child (b) he didnt stop quickly enough (c) he pressed the brake pedal too hard(d) he and the examiner were thrown forwardStructure句型 3Mr. Eames was taking the driving test. The examiner _him. (a) was being testing (b) was been testing (c) was tes