高频动词.doc

The letter they were looking forward to _ at last. A. arrivedB. arriving C. had arrived D. arriveThe professor you referred to _ just now. A. comesB. comeC. comingD. came。The theory he sticks to _ to be of no use in our studies. A. provesB. proveC. provingD. be provedThe work he devoted his time to _ worth praising. A. was B. be C. being D. beenHow happy we are! The holiday we have been looking forward_ at last. A. to has come B. to have come C. to having come D. has come高考英语高频动词动词是英语中最活跃的词类，是句子的核心成分。此外，英语动词的变化较多，形式颇为复杂，是英语学习的难点之一。历届高考英语试题常把动词作为测试的重点，在单项填空题中所占比例在50%以上。笔者通过对近十年来的高考英语试题进行分析，归纳常考动词十三类，供大家参考。一、连系动词类连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下四种：1变化类表事物发展变化的过程，如become, go, turn, grow, get, fall等。2感觉类表人体部位的感受，如feel, smell, taste, look, sound等。3状态类表事物所处的状态，如keep, come, run, remain, stand, lie, stay, prove等。4外表特征类表外表给人的印象，如appear, seem, look等。连系动词的作用是后接形容词或相当于形容词的结构作表语。除了少数几个（如feel, get, become, grow等）外，不用于进行时态和被动结构。例如：The mixture is tasted terrible.（误）The mixture tastes terrible（正）Jim pretended to be falling asleep when his mother came in.（误）Jim pretended to fall /be asleep when his mother came in.（正）Im feeling much better than ever before.It was getting darker and darker. Besides, a cold rain began to fall.【高考例题】(1) -Do you like the material? -Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt辨析：对于动词feel 、tear、write等一些动词，如果表示物体本身材料特征，用主动表被动。所以答案选C (2) Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will _ fresh for several days. A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed辨析：stay 是作系动词来用，表示事物状态。所以答案选B (3) The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing. A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating (4) Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may _ run over by a car. A. have B. get C. become D. turn(5) Happy birthday, Alice. So you have _ twenty-one already. A. become B. turned C. grown D. passed (6) Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you cant have time to _ before the party. A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change(7) 0n hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she _ pale.A. got B. changed C. went D. appeared(8) The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt(9) Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health _ poor. A. proves B. remains C. maintains D. continues(10) I love to go to the seaside in summer. It _ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea.A. does B. feels C. gets D. makes（Key: CBCBB ACBBB）二、感官及使役动词类感官动词类：常考的感官动词有see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, find, catch等。感官动词的主要作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。1后接不带to的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作。I often heard the song sung, but I have never heard you sing it.When you go to watch the football watch, you will enjoy seeing the Chinese football team win.2后接V-ing形式表正在进行的动作。Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy.Hearing this, I felt my heart beating fast.3后接V-ed形式表被动意义。After his return twenty years later, he found his home town greatly changed.Although I had learnt some English, I had never heard a word of it spoken.【高考例题】(1) The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out辨析：根据固定搭配 see sb do sth / see sth done 本题中plan是that引导的定语从句中的先行词，做see的宾语。所以答案选C。(2) A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked辨析：在本题中，有一个固定搭配find sb doing 发现某人正在作某事。此时是被动时态，某人被发现正在做某事。所以答案选B。(3) The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play(4) The salesman scolded the girl who was caught _ and let her off. A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C .to steal D. stealing(5) He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting （Key: CBADD)使役动词类：表“致使”意义的动词称之为使役动词，如make, let, have, keep, leave, set, send等。使役动词的作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。分以下三种情况：1. make, let have等后接不带to的不定式，表“使让某人某物做某事”。Dont make him do it if he doesnt want to.If you have any problems, just let me know.在被动结构中不定式须带to，但是have不用于被动结构中.He was made to apologize to the guest.2. have, keep, leave, send, set, get等后接V-ing形式，表持续性动作。Im sorry to keep you waiting for so long.Why do you have him worrying about his lessons?3. have, keep, leave等后接V-ed形式，表被动含义。He didnt keep on asking me the time until he had had his watch repaired.Ill keep you informed as soon as I have the news.【高考例题】(1) Dont leave the waterwhile you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run辨析：本题答案选B。leave + v-ing 表示让某物处于一种状态。“让水一直流”在你刷牙时。(2) Laws that punish parents for their childrens actions against the laws get parentsA. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry(3) -Why did you go back to the shop?-I left my friend _ there. A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. waits(4) It was so cold that they kept the fire _ all night. A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned(5) -Good morning, can I help you?-Id like to have this package _，madam.A. be weighed B. weighing C. weighed D. to weigh (6) The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself _ A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard(7) As you have never been there before, Ill have someone _ you the way. A. show B. to show C. showing D. showed(8) Paul doesnt have to be made _He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning(9) A computer can do only what thinking people _A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done(10) Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong. A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired（Key: BCACC DABAC）三、计划未能实现类intend, mean, hope, wish, plan, expect, think, want, suppose等动词用于过去时态，可表示过去未能实现的愿望、想法、打算等。1该类动词用于过去完成时后接不定式或宾语从句。I had never thought you would bring me such a nice gift.I had panned to call on you, but I was too busy to get away.2该类动词用于一般过去时后接不定式的Id like to have arrive on time, but I was caught on the traffic jam.【高考例题】(1) -You should have thanked her before you left.-I meant _, but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere. A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing so(2) -Why havent you bought any butter? -I _ to but I forgot about it.A. liked B. wished C. meant D. expected(3) I would love _ the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone(4) -Alice, why didnt you come yesterday?-I _, but I had an unexpected visitor. A. had B. would C. was going to D. did（Key: BCBC)四、含情感色彩的动词这类动词有excite, inspire, encourage, interest, satisfy, delight, please, move, frighten, surprise, amaze, astonish, shock, worry, astonish, disappoint, discourage, exhaust, puzzle, tire, terrify等。情感动词后接指人的名词或代词作宾语，有V-ing和V-ed两种形式，在句中作宾语和表语，V-ing形式指人，V-ed形式则指事物。The story was so moving that everyone present was moved to tears.What disappointing result! We were all disappointed with it.Climbing a hill was tiring and we were tired when we reached the summit.【高考例题】(1) Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does _ his boss. A. serves B. satisfies C. promises D. supports辨析：主要考查四个单词词义，在本题中，根据句意主要是“他感觉他所做没有什么能让老板觉得满意。”故选B (2) -Im very _ with my own cooking. It looks nice smells delicious.-Mm, it does have a _ smell. A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant辨析： be pleased with sth是某人最某事某物觉得满意，觉得很开心； pleasant 是指某物属性另人觉得很舒心。选答案 D。 (3) Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring(4) It is believed that if a book is_, it will surely _ the reader. A. interested; interest B. interesting；be interestedC. interested；be interesting D. interesting; interest(5) After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home _.A. being exhausted B. exhausted C. exhausting D. having exhausted（Key: BDADB)五、分别接不定式、V-ing形式动词类后接不定式做宾语的动词;afford, agree, choose, determine, expect, decide, learn, offer, mange, hope, want, wish, promise, refuse, fail, pretend, happen等动词，后跟不定式作宾语。Thank you for offering to help, but I can manage myself.He learned to ride a bicycle when he was a small boy.【高考例题】(1) We agreedhere but so far she hasnt turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met辨析：agree to do sth 答应做某事。所以答案选C。(2) Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking辨析：首先喜欢做某事love to do sth 由题意我知道不可能是小Jim喜欢带别人去看影剧院，而是被带。所以答案选A。(3) I dont know whether you happen，but Im going to study in the U S A this September. A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard辨析：happen to do sth , 碰巧做某事。所以很多同学容易直接选C。但在本题中根据题意“我准备九月份去美国”这件事发生在前。从语法上讲，用完成时态，表示更好，因为不是我说的同时你碰巧正在做某事，而是早已经听说。(4) She pretendedme when I passed by. A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen(5) Do let your mother know all the truth.She appears _ everything. A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told（Key: CADAD)后接V-ing形式动词类：该类动词常考的有appreciate, avoid, bear, consider, dislike, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, hate, imagine, keep， mind, miss, practise, postpone, resist, risk, stand, suggest 等。这些动词须接V-ing形式作宾语。例如；I dont mind waiting, but Ive got to stand in the cold wind.Have you considered making some necessary changes to your plan?Only by practising speaking English every day can you expect to improve your spoken English.【高考例题】（1） I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. youre calling辨析：appreciate 动词后面跟v-ing 作宾语，所以答案选C。(2) While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded(3) He has always insisted on his _ Dr. turner instead of Mr. Turner. A. been called B. called C. being called D. having called(4) I really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice island. A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time (5) Do you mindalone at home? A. Jane leaving B. Jane having left C. Janes being left D. Jane to be left(6) I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed（Key: CBCBCC)六、后接不定式与V-ing形式意义不同动词类remember, try, regret, mean, forget, stop, go on, cant help等后接不定式与V-ing形式作宾语，表达含义不同。见下表：动词接动名词作宾语接不定式作宾语Remember 过去发生的动作 将来的动作try 尝试做某事 努力做某事regret 对做过的事表示后悔 对要做的事表示遗憾mean 意味着做某事 企图（打算）做某事cant help 禁不住做某事 不能帮助做某事go on 继续做未完成的事情 做完一件事后，接着做另一件事forget 忘记以前曾做过某事 忘记做某事stop 中断正在做的事情中断正在做的事去做别的事例如：I remember being paid, but Ive forgotten the exact amount.Please remember to send me a photo of your son the next time you write to me.I dont really mean to work here, which means leaving the job soon afterwards.【高考例题】（1）-The light in the office is still on. -Oh, I forgot _.A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off辨析：forget to do sth忘记去做某事；forget ding sth 忘记做过某事。而这里从所给的信息我们可以看出灯还亮着，说明没有关，是说话人忘记关了。所以答案选C。(2) -You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. -Well, now I regret _ that.A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done辨析：同上题一样。Regret to do sth 和 regret doing sth 不一样，意思有所不同，Regret to do sth 遗憾去做某事regret doing sth后悔做过某事。在这里说话人所表达的意思是后悔那样做。(3) She cant helpthe house because shes busy making a cake. A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned(4) -1 usually go there by train. -Why not _ by boat for a change?A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going(5) -Let me tell you something about the journalists.-Dont you rememberme the story yesterday? A. told B. telling C .to tell D. to have told(6) The library needs _, but Ill have to wait until Sunday. A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. being cleaned D. clean (7) 1n some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour. A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting(8) She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path. A. resting B. to have rested C. rested D. to rest(9) Go on _ the other exercise after you have finished this one. A. to do B. doing C. with D. to be doing（Key: BDADB RADA)七、进行时态表将来意义动词类这类动词一般为表位置移动或方向性动词，如go,come, start, arrive, take, leave, move等。例如：When are going off to for Shanghai?Mary as well as her parents is leaving for California next month.【高考例题】Ive won a holiday for two to Florida.I _ my mum. A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have taken辨析：在这里要用到将来时。很多同学很想选D。但是在这里我门从题中可以看出说话人还没有去，是准备去，所以不能用将来完成时。而现在进行时态可以表示将来。所以选A。(2) -What were you doing when he came to see you? -I had just put on my overcoat and _ visit a friend.A. leaving B. was left C. left D .was leaving(3) -What were you doing when Tony phoned you？-I had just finished my work and _ to take a shower. A. had started B. started C. have started D. was starting（Key: ADD)八、主动表被动动词类英语中有些动词可用其主动形式表达被动含义，可分为以下三种情况：1某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意义，这类动词有sell, wash, write, last, read, wear等。这种“动词副词”结构，常表示事物内部特有的属性。This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long.The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.Written in simple English, this article reads easily.2某些及物动词转为不及物动词后，其主动形式表示被动意义，如open（打开，营业），close（关门），shut（关闭），cut（切割），weigh重), act（上演）等。The door wont shut.This shop opens much earlier than it used to. Each stone weighs 2 tons.3某些不及物动词，如happen, occur, cost以及短语，如come out（出版），come up（出现），come into being（产生）come to ones mind想起），turn out（证明是），come about（发生），break out姆发），belong to (属于）等，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century.Suddenly an idea came to his mind.It never occurred to me to phone you.【高考例题】(1) The evening news comes on at seven oclock and _ only thirty minutes. A. keeps B. continues C. finishes D. lasts(2) -Mummy, can I put the peaches in the cupboard? -No, dear. They dont _ well. Put them in the fridge instead.A. keep B. fit C. get D. last(3) Books of this kind _ well.A. sell B. sells C. are sold D .is sold（key: DAA)九、虚拟语气动词类insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand等后接引导的宾语从句时，谓语动词须用“(should)动词原形”。The guard at the gate insisted that everyone should obey the rules.The rule requires that everyone, young or old, man or women, have his car checked once a year.【高考例题】(1) -How do you _ we go to Beijing for our holidays.-I think wed better fly there. Its much more comfortable. A. insist B. want C. suppose D. suggest(2) Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination. A. be; should have B. was; haveC. should be; had D. was; has(3) _ sent to work here?A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that shouldC. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should（Key: DBA)十、省略替代类believe, think, suppose, guess, hope, expect, imagine, would like/ love, be afraid等动词用于简略回答中，后接so来替代肯定分句，用not来替代否定分句。或接to来替代前面内容相同的不定式，表示看法、意见、设想、打算等。例如：-Do you think Norman would have lent me his car I had asked him to?-Yes, I ,think so.-Will you be able to come to my birthday party?-Id love to, but Im too busy.注意：believe, think, suppose, guess等用于否定回答时，既可以说I believe (think, suppose guess) not，也可以说I dont believe (think, suppose guess) so，但用hope, expect, be afraid作否定回答时，只能说I hope (expect) not以及Im afraid not,【高考例题】(1) -I believe weve met somewhere before. -No, _.A. it isnt the same B. it cant be true C. I dont think so D. Id rather not辨析：在本题中，我们知道在believe /think/ expect/hope等词的简略答语中可以用so代替上句的内容。肯定句中，用的句型是I believe /think /hope /so;I dont believe /think /hope /so; I believe /think /hope /not.所以答案选C。(2) -The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they? -_.A. I guess not so B. I dont guess C. I dont guess it D. I guess not(3) -Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?-_. A. I dont believe B. I dont believe it C. I believe not so D. I believe not（Key: CDD)十一、否定转移类think, believe, guess, suppose, imagine, expect等动词后接that引导的宾语从句时，从句若为否定结构，常将否定词not前移到主句中。I dont think it is possible to learn a foreign language well without much memory work.He doesnt think Tom will make an excellent player.当该结构的主句主语为第一人称时，变为反意疑问句，后半句的主语和谓语简略形式应与从句保持一致，否则与主句保持一致。例如：I dont think there is anything else I need, is there?He doesnt believe he will be able to solve the problems by herself, does he?【高考例题】(1) I dont suppose anyone will volunteer, _？ A. do I B. dont I C. will they D. wont they辨析：在否定前移的句子里。反意疑问要和从句中的主语保持一致，所以答案选C (2) Mrs. Black doesnt believe her son is able to design a digital camera,_？A. is he B. isnt he C. doesnt she D. does she（Key: C D）十二、带介词to的动词短语类这类短语有be (get) used to, lead to, devoteto, look forward to, stick to, object to, get down to, there is no end to等。当它们后面出现动词时，要用V-ing形式。例如：Ive got used to driving in all kinds of weather.As soon as she returned home from abroad, she got down to preparing supper for children.注意区分介词to与不定式符号to aHe used to drive on the right and now he is used to driving on the left.(used to表“过去常常”,to为不定式符号，be used to