安徽省芜湖市高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解基础演练（3）.doc

安徽芜湖市2016高考英语阅读理解（二轮）基础演练（3）people who averaged fewer than seven hours of sleep per night in the weeks before being exposed to the cold virus were nearly three times as likely to get sick as those who averaged eight hours or more, a new study found.researchers used frequent telephone interviews to track the sleep habits of more than 150 men and women aged 21 to 55 over the last few weeks. then they exposed the subjects to the virus, quarantined (检疫隔离) them for five days and kept track of who got sick.besides sleeping more, sleeping better also seemed to help the body fight illness: patients who fared better on a measure known as “sleep efficiency”the percentage of time in bed that youre actually sleepingwere also less likely to get sick. the results held true even after researchers adjusted for elements such as body-mass index, age, sex, smoking and pre-existing antibodies (抗体) to the virus.the researchers arent exactly sure why sleeping better makes you less likely to develop a cold. but they do try to give an answer: “sleep disturbance influences the regulation of symptom mediators (调节因子) that are released in response to infection.” in plain english, maybe tossing and turning when youre infected with the cold virus contributes to the symptoms that define a cold.the researchers were based at carnegie mellon, the university of pittsburgh and the university of virginia, and the study was funded by the national institutes of health.60. according to the passage, what does the underlined word “subjects” mean in paragraph 2? a. areas of knowledge in a school b. people being studied in an experiment c. research topics d. animals being tested 61. it is shown in the passage that _. a. the researchers obtain information about the sleep habits by frequent interviewsb. the researchers do their research in the national institutes of healthc. people hope to avoid being infected with a cold by sleeping as much as possibled. sleeping more and better helps regulate the symptom mediators62. whats the best title of the passage?a. the relationship between virus and cold b. how to sleep well c. good sleep helps fight a cold d. the more the sleep, the better your body【参考答案】60-62 bdc 阅读理解 farm-raised pigs are dirty, smelly animals that get no respect. theyre also an environmental hazard. their manure(粪便)contains phosphorus(磷)，which, when it rains, runs off into lakes and rivers, consuming oxygen, killing fish, stimulating algae(藻类)overgrowth and emitting greenhouse gases. doing away with the pig is not an option. pigs provide more dietary protein, more cheaply, to more people than any other animal. northern europe still maintains the highest pig-to-human ratio(比率)in the world (2-1 in denmark), but east asia is catching up. during the 1990s, pork production doubled in vietnam and grew by 70 percent in chinaalong densely populated coastlines, pig density exceeds 100 animals per square kilometer. the resulting pollution is “threatening fragile coastal marine habitats including mangroves(红树林)，coral reefs and sea grasses ,”according to a report released in february by the food and agriculture organization of the united nations.as it turns out, there is a solution to the pig problem, but it requires a change of mind-set among environmentalists and the public. two canadian scientists have created a pig whose manure doesnt contain very much phosphorus at all. if this variety of pig were adopted widely, it could greatly reduce a major source of pollution. but the enviropig, as they call it, is the product of genetic modificationwhich is anathema(忌讳) to many westerners. the enviropig is one of many new technologies that are putting environmentalists and organic-food supporters in a quandary: should they remain categorically(无条件) opposed to genetically modified (gm)foods even at the expense of the environment? elsewhere, trees grown for paper could be made amenable to much more efficient processing, reducing both energy usage and toxic chemical bleach(漂白剂) in waste water from paper mills. the most significant gm applications will be ones that help lessen the problem of agriculture , which accounts for 38percent of the worlds landmass and is crowding out natural ecosystems and species habitats.chances are, farmers will continue to grow their polluting organic pork, their allergenic(引起过敏的)organic soy and their neurotoxin(神经毒素) sprayed organic apples. worse still, they will make sure that no one else gets a choice in the matter of improving the conditions of life on earthunless, that is, others rise up and demand an alternative.11.which of the following statements is true?a. pigs bring more destruction than benefit to human beings.b. no other countries have the higher percentage of pig-to-human than east asia.c. the pork production has increased to 70 in china.d. the pollution brought by pigs is a killer to the creature of the sea.12. the reason accounting for the hesitation to accept the idea of the enviropig is_.a. the poor technology b. the high costc. the moral concept d. the doubt from the public13. what does the underlined word “quandary” mean?a. an agreement b. a negotiationc. a dilemma d. an adventure14. the negative influence brought by the traditional agriculture is_-.a. more living space occupation b. more crop improvementc. more food production d. more chemical application15. what is the best title of the passage?a. how to raise pigs b. whether to choose the gm foodsc. whats gm foods d. the pollution brought by pigs【参考答案】1115、dccab 【2014界黑龙江省哈三中高三上第三次验收考试】cthe happiest cities on earthif youre looking for a cheery destination for your next vacation, consider these four spots and get ready to take notes on how to really live the good life.singapore with one of the highest population densities（密度）in the world and residents known for being workaholics, its hard to imagine the city-state of singapore having one of the happiest populations on earth. and yet in a recent survey, 95% of them said they were either very happy or quite happy.they give their city high marks for cleanliness and safetysubways are pristine (洁净的) and unfailingly arrive on time, and police are seen as helpful and good at their jobs. whats more, they feel they can count on their neighboursall 5.1 million of them.arhus, denmarkthe residents of arhus cheerfully part with 68% of their income in taxes, knowing that in return they will be guaranteed free healthcare, free daycare, and a top-notch (第一流的) education for their children.an energetic city of 300,000 with a lively cultural scene and a diverse number of religions represented, the sense of equality (the range in incomes is narrow), as well as easy access to the nearby sea and surrounding countryside, make arhus seem more like a small town.san luis obispo, caaccording to a 2008 gallup-healthways study, people who live in san luis obispo are more likely than residents of other u.s. cities to smile and experience joy and are less likely to experience pain or depression. about 64,000 of the 260,000 people in the greater metropolitan area (都市区), located halfway between los angeles and san francisco, volunteer at over 11,000 non-profit organizations.few journeys to work are longer than 10 minutes (one reason its members rank in the upper third for job satisfaction), so “its easy to be involved,” resident pierre rademaker said. business signs are unobtrusive (不显眼的) by law, fewer than 11% of residents smokethe lower rate in the u.s.there are lots of bike lanes, and the citys plaza draws crowds of people for free concerts on summer fridays. whats not to love?monterrey, mexicothe people of monterrey dont enjoy high household incomes or access to good healthcare. instead, theres a profound sense of gratitude for the new political freedom enjoyed since the oppressive institutional revolutionary party lost power in 2000the first time in nearly a centuryas well as an emphasis on social life over work.another reason monterrey residents may be so happy is their faith in god and family, and their ability to tough it out through bad times.“we laugh at sickness, poverty and even death,” says basanez, a political scientist who lives in monterrey. “we even have a holiday to celebrate death. november 2, the day of the dead, is one of the biggest holidays of the year.”63. according to the passage, what do the residents in the four cities have in common? a. all the residents can make great fortunes by working hard. b. the residents there are mostly educators. c. all the residents enjoy enough material wealth. d. the majority of the residents are satisfied with their current life.64. according to the passage, we can infer that _. a. the people of singapore expect their neighbours to come to their help when necessaryb. the people of monterrey even observe ones death on a special day of a yearc. the residents of arhus happily pay 68% of their income for their childrens education feed. the people who live in san luis obispo have job satisfaction because they can enjoy good working conditions65. according to the passage which of the following statements is not true? a. the people of monterrey didnt enjoy political freedom until 2000. b. the residents in singapore feel happy because of its low population density. c. the people of san luis obispo can enjoy free concerts in summer.d. arhus is handy to the seaside and countryside.66. what can we learn from the underlined part “the sense of equality”? a. the residents of arhus have no racial discrimination. b. arhus is considered as a family sharing everything with each other. c. there is no wide gap between the rich and the poor in arhus. d. the residents of arhus can depend on their neighbours to help.【参考答案】63-66 dabc 阅读理解 whether it is “women and children first” or “every man for himself” in a shipwreck(船只失事) may depend on how long it takes the ship to sink, researchers said recently. when the lusitania was torpedoed（用鱼雷攻击） by a german ship in 1915, it sank in 18 minutes and the majority of the survivors were young men and women who responded immediately to their powerful survival instincts（本能）. but when the titanic struck an iceberg in 1912, it took “three hours to go down, allowing time for more civilize(文明的) behavior to take controland the majority of the survivors were women, children and people with young children. economist benno torgler of the queensland university of technology in australia and his colleagues studied the two sinkings in order to explore the economic theory that people generally behave in a “rational”(理性的) and selfish manner. the two tragedies provided a “natural experiment” for testing the idea, because the passengers on the two ships were quite similar in terms of gender (性别) and wealth. the major difference was how long it took the ships to sink. they suggested that when people have little time to react, instincts may rule. when more time is available, social influences play a bigger role. but psychologists(心理学家) noted that many factors other than following social norms could come into play in a disaster, including an evolutionary urge to save the species, attachments(依恋) that are formed between individuals during the event and the leadership of authority figures.the extent (程度) of altruism (利他主义) and how it occurs “is a very controversial issue,” said anthony r. mawson, a professor of preventive medicine at the university of mississippi medical center.he thinks the dominant(主宰的) response was attachment behavior. psychologist daniel kruger of the university of michigan, us thinks that the answer lies less in social norms and more in our evolutionary heritage. human beings have a deep instinct to preserve our kind, he said, and that means “people are more likely to save those who have higher reproductive value, namely the young and women in child-bearing years”. kruger also stressed the importance of leadership during a disaster, noting that the titanics captain appeared to have greater control than the lusitanias.16. according to benno torgler, what led to the different results between the two shipwrecks?a. the survival instinct. b. the civilized behavior.c. the leadership of the captain. d. the length of time.17. which of the follwing explanations for the two sinkings will be accepted by psychologists?a. human beings are born to be selfish.b. the well-off will be likely to survive.c. social status will play a decisive role in survival.d. human survival is more significant than that of the individuals.18. the following factors have something to do with disasters behaviors except_.a. leadership b. social division of labor c. a feeling of affection d. social regulations19. according to daniel kruger, the young and women in child-bearing years take the priority to survive because_.a. they make a contribution to human continuity b. they deserve everybodys sympathyc. they have stronger survival instincts d. they are the weak who need protecting20. what is the main idea of the passage?a. the passage is mainly about two sinkings that had different result about survivals.b. the passage shows us the true causes that resulted in the two shipwrecks.c. the passage gives us a definite explanation about the different consequence of survivals of the two shipwrecks.d. the passage gives us various possible analyses about the disaster behaviors.【参考答案】1620、ddbad 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a.b.c和d项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。a higher reading rate, with no loss of comprehension, will help you in other subjects as well as in english ,and the general principles apply to any language .naturally, you will not read every book at the same speed. you would expect to read a newspaper, for example ,much more rapidly than a physics or economics textbook but you can raise your average reading speed over the whole range of materials you wish to cover so that the percentage gained will be the same whatever kind of reading you are concerned with .the reading passages which follow are all of an average level of difficulty for your stage of instruction. they are all about five hundred words long .they are about topics of general interest which do not require a great deal of specialized knowledge. thus they fall between the kind of reading you might find in your textbooks and the much less demanding kind you will find in a newspaper or light novel .if you read this kind of english, with understanding at four hundred words per minute, you might skim through a newspaper at perhaps 650700, while with a difficult textbook you might drop to two hundred or two hundred and fifty.perhaps you would like to know what reading speeds are common among native english-speaking university students and how those speeds can be improved .tests in minnesota, u.s.a., for example, have shown that students without special training can read english of average difficulty, for example, tolstoys war and peace in translatio