【清华在线】2009新版GCT精讲班-英语-阅读-讲义.doc

本课程交流邮箱 zhangliyan 1 清清 华华 在在 线线 20092009 年年 GCTGCT 英语表达能力英语表达能力测试测试 阅读理解阅读理解课程讲义课程讲义 张丽艳 一 大纲分析及得分策略一 大纲分析及得分策略 共 4 篇文章 每篇文章 5 个问题 2 分 题 共 40 分 文章题材 体裁多样 文章涉及政治 经济 历史 地理 文化 科技 人文 时事等 阅读理解题在整个试卷中是 所占分值比例最大的题目 40 分 题量最大的题目 1000 左右单词的阅读量 包括题目和选项 时间最紧的题目 21 23 分钟的答题时间 得分目标 24 30 分 二 备战阅读理解所需解决的问题及方法二 备战阅读理解所需解决的问题及方法 1 阅读速度和理解的准确度之间的平衡阅读速度和理解的准确度之间的平衡 满足速度上的要求 实现 70 的理解 完成 80 题目的正确回答没有必要弄清文章的每一个单词 每一个句子 每一个细节 做到所谓的 100 理解 而是在准确把握文章大意的前提下 有的放矢地针对 文章后面的提问做出正确的解答 2 面对文中的生词面对文中的生词 首先 不要让文中注定会出现的生词成为影响你阅读的心理障碍 要知道 出现生词是不可避免的 同时 生词的出现并不意味着一定会影响你对文章的正确理解 其次 要在平时的练习中掌握破解生词的技巧 除了坚持背单词 全面掌握大纲词汇以外 在阅读中遇到生词时还可以采用以下两个技巧 进行解 决 A 根据构词法 判断词义 词根 前缀 后缀 平时应注意词根记忆 B 利用生词与上下文的关系 生词不是孤立的 封闭的 它所出现于其中的句子 段落 都会提供 很多的暗示和线索 其中最常见的上下文暗示或线索可以概括为如下五种 本课程交流邮箱 zhangliyan 2 清清 华华 在在 线线 1 同义词或重复线索 标志此含义的词有 and also moreover further or likewise in addition besides similarly in fact The woman found herself in a difficult situation In fact her plight was so serious that she decided to get help Children often try to emulate or copy the behavior that they see on television 2 比较 对照线索 一个句子可能包含这样一个单词 它与生词具有相反的意义 同时可能在句中阅读到 on the other hand however although unlike yet but on the contrary to the opposite otherwise while 等转折语 Some people like to walk quickly home after work but I prefer to stroll home and look at the store windows along the way My sister is an optimist while her boyfriend is one who is always gloomy and expects the worst to happen 3 例释线索 有时会在句中读到表示例释线索的信号词 for example for instance such as to illustrate in other words that is to say the same as 有时则没有这类信号词 Mr Kelada was the most loquacious man I d ever met He talked with everyone on the ship and he always had something to say no matter what the topic 4 直接解释的线索 The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid that is it could not be tasted seen or smelled 5 经验线索或情境线索 It was the first time Nancy had been in the big city She felt a little apprehensive as she walked out into the street with so many strange faces staring at her 3 在阅读中学会忽略一些单词 做到在不影响理解的情况下提高阅读速度 在阅读中学会忽略一些单词 做到在不影响理解的情况下提高阅读速度 阅读专家 C B Bassin 博士研究表明 漏掉 30 的非重点单词并不严重妨碍对文章的理解 由于语言 的冗余性 有的单词只是结构符号 有的只传达辅助信息 Once there was a woman who was greatly troubled by her husband He no longer loved her He neglected her and seemed to care little whether she was happy or sad 三 常规解题技巧三 常规解题技巧 通过阅读题目选项确定关键词通过阅读题目选项确定关键词 根据关键词在文中寻找依据句根据关键词在文中寻找依据句 本课程交流邮箱 zhangliyan 3 清清 华华 在在 线线 四 常规解题技巧的实际应用四 常规解题技巧的实际应用 Directions In this part there are passages and one listing each followed by five questions or unfinished statements For each of them there are four choices marked A B C and D Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center 2008 11 15 Questions 11 15 are based on the following passage As our van pulled up to the ranch to start a three month program for troubled boys we passed a cowboy on his horse Bill was the owner of the ranch We made eye contact through the dusty window and he winked at me and touched the brim of his cowboy hat in welcome All summer long Bill and his ranch hands taught us to ride horse chop wood and round up cattle We started to understand the value of working with our hands Knowing how important it was for boys like me to know that someone believed in them he trusted us to do the job and do it right We never let him down The last day at the ranch bill pulled me aside and praised me for the work I had done not only on the ranch but also on myself He told me if I ever needed anything I could count on him Four years later I took him up on that offer I called him up and asked for a job I told him how his confidence in me had given me the courage to change my life He offered me a job on the spot I am proud to say that each summer I am the one in the ranch to open the gate for a van full of young men who need someone to believe in them so they can learn to believe in themselves 11 The author s first impression of Bill was probably his A seriousness B friendliness C authority D generosity 12 The author implies what the troubled boys needed most was A strict guidance in proper behavior B challenging demand in hard work C sympathy and tolerance from adults D understanding and trust from others 13 By Four years later I took him up on that offer Para 4 the author means that A he admired Bill for that offer B he offered Bill help in return C he accepted Bill s offer D he remembered Bill s offer 14 The author s pride comes from the fact that A he has become the owner of the ranch 本课程交流邮箱 zhangliyan 4 清清 华华 在在 线线 B he has earned complete trust from Bill C he has found a way to support himself D he has been able to offer help to others 15 Through his own experience the author tries to tell us something important in A interpersonal relationship B off campus education C career selection D self discipline 2007 11 15 Questions 11 15 are based on the following passage A mother dolphin 海豚 chats with her baby over the telephone They were in separate tanks connected by a special underwater audio link It seemed clear that they knew who they were talking with says Don White whose Project Delphis ran the experiment But what were they saying Scientists think dolphins talk about everything from basic facts like their age to their emotional state I speculate that they say things like there are some good fish over here or watch out for that shark because he s hunting says Denise Herzing who studies dolphins in the Bahamas Deciphering 译解 dolphin speak is also tricky because their language is so dependent on what they re doing whether they re playing fighting or going after tasty fish During fights for example dolphins clap 碰撞 their jaws to say Back off But their jaws clap while playing too as if to show who s king of the underwater playground 11 How did the mother dolphin talk with her baby over the telephone A Two connected tanks were separated for the talk B A special underwater audio link was set up for the talk C Both the mother dolphin and the baby knew each other D A clear voice could be heard in the two separate tanks 12 Dolphins seem to talk to each other about any of the following EXCEPT A their age B their emotional state C food sources D audio link 13 Why is it challenging to interpret dolphin speak A Because dolphins language heavily relies on their actions B Because dolphins like to talk about their language C Because playing and fighting are part of dolphins life D Because tasty fish are difficult for dolphins to catch 14 A dolphin might be saying when it claps its jaws A Go back to your home B Who is playing here 本课程交流邮箱 zhangliyan 5 清清 华华 在在 线线 C I am the king here D Show me who the king is 15 When scientists describe dolphins communicative skills their tone is rather A affirmative B speculative C playful D negative 2007 16 20 Questions 16 20 are based on the following passage An American company has started testing a new program aimed at increasing security Three workers from CityW a company that provides security camera equipment have volunteered to be electronically monitored They will have a silicon chip put inside their arms The tiny device is the size of a grain of rice and will send out radio signals These will provide information to a central monitoring system that will give the workers access to secure areas of the workplace The chips were originally designed for medical purposes Sean Darks CEO of City Watcher said the chips were like identity cards He said the only difference is that they are inserted inside the person s body He added they are very different from Global Positioning Satellite technology which allows people s location to be monitored Mr Darks insisted that they were not dangerous and even decided to have a chip implanted in his own body However many people are worried about the issue of privacy Many believe the technology could be abused and that new laws will have to be made Mr Darks said his workers can always choose to have the chips removed 16 This passage is mainly about A the increasing security of U S companies B the test of a new security program C a new central monitoring system D Global Positioning Satellite technology 17 The three workers from City W have A volunteered to provide security camera equipment B agreed to have silicon chips planted in their brain C offered to be monitored in the new security program D had access to secure areas of their workplace 18 Which of the following is NOT true about the silicon chips in trial A They are as tiny as a grain of rice B They will send out radio signals C They function like identity cards D They will be developed for medical uses 19 The chips are different from the Global Positioning Satellite technology in that A they are inserted into a person s body as ID cards B they allow people s location to be monitored 本课程交流邮箱 zhangliyan 6 清清 华华 在在 线线 C they provide information to a central monitoring system D they bring more danger to the carriers 20 Many people are worried about the silicon chips because A they are not assured of the effect of the chips B they cannot get the implanted chips removed C the new laws about the technology might be abused D the new technology may intrude on people s privacy 2007 21 25 Questions 21 25 are based on the following passage In fall 2006 the National Basketball Association NBA started using basketballs made with synthetic or manmade material instead of leather They made the switch because they wanted every basketball they use to fell and bounce 弹起 the same However some players complained right away that the new balls bounced differently and were actually harder to control than the leather ones Dallas Mavericks owner Mark Cuban asked for help from the Department of physics at the University of Texas The scientists investigated friction that affects the ability of a player to hold onto a ball The greater the friction the better it will stick to his hand explains Horwitz one of the physicists who worked on the project Tests on both wet and dry ball showed that while the plastic ball was easier to grip when dry it had less friction and became much harder to hold onto when wet That s because sweating stays on the surface of the synthetic ball but get absorbed into the leather balls an important detail for sweaty athletes In January the NBA went back to using the traditional leather balls They aren t perfect but for now that s just the way the ball bounces 21 The NBA started using synthetic basketballs instead of leather ones because A they wanted every basketball to fell and bounce the same B NBA officials wanted a switch with which to start a reform C they emphasized that synthetic materials are manmade D NBA players had used the leather balls for too long a time 22 How did some NBA players respond to the switch to synthetic balls A They felt much more comfortable with the synthetic balls B They thought differently about the leather balls C They felt that the new balls were worse than the leather ones D They believed the new balls would soon be replaced 23 Which of the following contributes to the better control of the balls A Greater friction B More ownership C Stronger affection D Fewer investigations 本课程交流邮箱 zhangliyan 7 清清 华华 在在 线线 24 When is it harder for an NBA player to hold onto a synthetic ball A When the ball is dried with a towel B When the ball is wetted by water C When tests are done on the ball D When sweating sticks to the ball 25 In the last paragraph that s just the way the ball bounces probably means A tradition offers the best choice B the ball bounces as best it can C the NBA made a mistake D the ball bounces perfectly 2006 16 20 Questions 16 20 are based on the following passage The National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA has announced plans to return people to the moon by 2018 And this time according to a NASA press release we re going to stay NASA wants to make a new spaceship for the missions using parts from the Apollo program which first took people to the moon in 1969 and the space shuttle NASA says the new Crew Exploration Vehicle CEV will be affordable reliable and safe The CEV will be able to hold four astronauts The plan is to have the CEV dock 对接 in space with the lunar lander the vehicle astronauts will use to land on the moon which will be launched separately into space The CEV will then travel to the moon and all four astronauts will walk on the moon The first moon missions are expected to last up to seven days Exploration and construction of a moon base will be the astronauts top priorities 最优先考虑的事 NASA hopes to have a minimum of two moon missions a year starting in 2018 This will allow for quick moon base construction constant scientific study and training for future missions to Mars 16 What is new in NASA s plan to return to the moon by 2018 A People will land and remain on the moon B Equipment will be carried and installed there C More CEVs will be made regularly D A special device will be used in landing 17 How will NASA make its new spaceship A It will base its design on that of the Apollo program B It will use parts only from the Apollo program C It will make use of the Apollo program and the space shuttle D It will develop new designs and make new components 18 How will CEV and the moon lander be launched 本课程交流邮箱 zhangliyan 8 清清 华华 在在 线线 A They will be launched separately B CEV will dock with the moon Lander C They will be launched together D The moon Lander will hold four astronauts 19 What will be the astronauts top priorities A Entering the orbit and landing on the moon B Landing and walking on the moon surface C Exploration and researches into the moon composition D Exploration and construction of a moon base 20 The reason why NASA hopes to carry out at least two moon missions a year starting in 2018 is to A ensure the moon traveling and the moon base construction B speed up the moon base construction and other activities C guarantee the quality of the researchers scientific study D set up new training laboratories for future missions to Mars 2006 21 25 Questions 21 25 are based on the following passage At the end of the U S Civil War about 4 million slaves were freed Now people around the world can hear some of the former slaves stories for the first time ever as told in their own voices That was in slavery time says Charlie Smith in one interview They sold the colored people And they were bringing them from Africa They brought me from Africa I was a child The Library of Congress released the collection of recordings Voices from the Days of Slavery in January The recordings were made between 1932 and 1975 Speaking at least 60 years after their emancipation 解放 the storytellers discuss their experiences as slaves They also tell about their lives as free men and women Isom Moseley was just a boy at the time of emancipation but he recalls that things were slow to change It was a year before the folks knowed they was free he says Michael Taft the head of the library s archive of folk culture says the recordings reveal something that written stories cannot The power of hearing someone speak is so much greater than reading something from the page Taft says It s how something is said the dialect the low pitches the pauses that helps tell the story 21 What is new about the slaves stories A They are told in the slaves own voices B People travel around the world to hear them C Colored people were sold D They happened in the slavery time 22 What is the title of the collection of recordings A The End of the U S Civil War 本课程交流邮箱 zhangliyan 9 清清 华华 在在 线线 B The Library of Congress C Voices from the Days of Slavery D The Recordings of Written Stories 23 How many years did it take to complete the collection of recordings A 26 years B 33 years C 44 years D 57 years 24 What do the storytellers tell us about A How they were brought to the United States from Africa B The release of the collection of recordings C What happened 60 years after their emancipation D Their experiences as slaves and their lives as free men and women 25 The recordings differ from written stories in that A the tellers and the government are contributing together B the dialect the low pitches and the pauses are more revealing C the hearing and reading both help tell the stories D the power of watching someone write is more engaging 2005 11 15 Questions 11 15 are based on the following passage The first ancient Olympics were held in 776 B C The games got their name from Olympia the Greek city where they took place Like the Summer Olympics of today the ancient Olympics were held every four years Thousands of people from all over the Greek world came to watch The main stadium held about 45 000 people We have accounts of visitor and pilgrims setting up tents all around the site Lisa Cerrato of Tufts University said During the first Olympics there was only one competition a 200 meter race But over time the games grew to include wrestling chariot racing boxing and other sports Women were not allowed to compete but they had their own separate games The ancient athletes became celebrities 名人 just like today They often lived the rest of their lives being treated to free dinners Cerrato said City states even tried to steal away each other s athletes by offering them various awards The ancient Olympics existed until A D 393 But the modern Olympics are still going strong 11 Where did the ancient Greeks hold their first Olympics A In Athens B In Olympia C In a town D In a state 12 How did researchers know that ancient Greeks rushed to watch the Olympics A Thousands of people came to watch 本课程交流邮箱 zhangliyan 10 清清 华华 在在 线线 B The main stadium is still not big enough C They have found the related record of events D Many of them were visitor and pilgrims 13 What did women do since they were not allowed to participate in the Olympics A They stayed at home doing nothing B They organized protests in the city C They had their own games D They set up tents around the site 14 The ancient athletes must have felt honored when they