高考真题常考点详细归纳讲解与练习1--冠词.doc

9第一章 冠词冠词可以分为定冠词（the），不定冠词（a, an），和零冠词（即不用冠词，如Theyre students. students前就可以说用的零冠词。Water is important. 我们可以说water前用的零冠词。）冠词的用法上可以分为：特指、独指和类指。第1讲 冠词的特指、独指和类指考点1. 定冠词的特指用法定冠词的特指用法：非常明确地指出何人或何物。可以分为前照应特指、后照应特指和语境特指。I. 前照应特指定冠词在前面，由后置修饰语来确定是何人何物。如：This is the book you lent me yesterday.This is the boy from England.1. _ old lady in brown is _ university professor.A. An; a B. An; /C. The; anD. The; a2. I like music, but I dont like _ music of this film.A. aB. anC. theD. /3. How was _ dinner at Mikes house?It was great. Mikes mum is _ wonderful cook.A. a; theB. the; aC. the; theD. a; anII. 后照应特指冠词用在后面的名词前，和前面提到的同一名词相照应。（也就是第一次提到某物某人用不定冠词，再次提到时用定冠词。冠词在后面照应。）如：I bought a book yesterday. The book cost me 20 yuan.4. This is _ egg. _ egg is big.A. a; AB. an; AnC. a; TheD. an; The5. There is _ bridge over there. _ bridge is made of wood.A. the; TheB. a; AC. the; AD. a; TheIII. 语境特指不是建立在上下文的照应关系上，而是建立在谈话双方共有的知识上。如：Open the door.Where is the book？6. 【2011全国II】As he reached _ front door, Jack saw _ strange sight.A. the; /B. a; theC. /；aD. the; a7. 【2011山东】Take your timeits just _ short distance from here to _ restaurant. A. /; theB. a; theC. the; aD. /; a8. 【2006北京】I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over _ keyboard.You shouldnt put drinks near _ computer.A. the; / B. the; aC. a; /D. a; a9. 【2008江西】I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting. It is not your fault. With _ rush-hour traffic and _ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.A. a; aB. the; theC. /; /D. /; a考点2. 独指：指世上独一无二的事定冠词的独指用法：世界上独一无二的事物前，要用定冠词。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world, the universe, etc.10. We can see _ sun and _ moon in _ picture. A. a; the; theB. the; a; the C. a; the; aD. the; the; the11. Its _ pleasure to see _ sun rising in _ east.A. /; the; /B. a; /; /C. a; the; theD. /; the; the考点3. 类指I. 可数名词表示类指时，有三种情况。A horse is a domestic（dmestIk家养的）animal.= The horse is a domestic animal.= Horses are domestic animals.但是这三种类指方法各有侧重:the指的是整个类别，这个类别是可以区别于另一个类别的 (多用于谈论发明物和科技问题)。如：The compass was invented in China, but the computer was not. 罗盘是在中国发明的，但计算机不是。a(n )侧重于指类别中任何一个的特点。如：A cat has four legs.猫有四条腿。不用冠词的复数名词侧重指类别中的许多个体。如：Children usually start walking at around one year old.小孩儿一般一岁左右开始走路。Do you like horses? 你喜欢马吗？(不能说Do you like a horse?)在类指时如何使用冠词要根据所要表达内容的具体情况而定。The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct. 虎有灭绝的危险。(不能说“A tiger is in danger of becoming extinct.”。濒临灭绝指的是整个虎类，而不是任何一只老虎都面临灭绝的危险。)12. _ are very popular with people all over the world, but do you know who was it that invented _ telephone?A. The telephone; / B. Telephone; aC. The telephones; the D. Telephones; the13. _ trains are faster than _ buses.A. /; /B. The; /C. /; theD. The; a14. 【2012江西】The Smiths dont like staying at _ hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by _ sea.A. /; aB. the; theC. /; the D. the; a15. _ is known by its note, _ is known by his talk.A. A bird; a manB. One bird; one man C. The bird; the manD. Bird; man16. 【2011全国I】 It is generally accepted that _ boy must learn to stand up and fight like _ man. A. a; aB. a; theC. the; the D. a; /17. In China, _ car is becoming _ popular means of transportation.A. the; aB. a; /C. the; theD. a; the18. The invention of _ wheel is a great contribution to _ man. A. the; / B. / ; / C. a; the D. / ; the19. 【2009北京】 The biggest whale is _ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters longthe height of _ 9-story building.A. the; the B. a; aC. a; theD. the; a II. 不可数名词泛指时不用冠词，特指时用定冠词Water is a liquid. 水是液体。Music is an art. 音乐是艺术。The water in the bottle goes bad. 20. Money plays an important role in _ material world. But expecting _ money to give happiness may be missing the meaning of life.A. a; theB. the; /C./; /D. the; the21. Since he has no sense of _ humor, Im sure he didnt catch _ humor in your remarks. A. /; theB. a; theC. a; /D. the; a22. It is known to all that _ light travels faster than _ sound. A. /; / B. a; aC. the; theD. the; /23. 【2010福建】 Its _ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them _ pleasureA. /; aB. a; /C. the; aD. a; the 24. 【2008湖南】Have you heard _ news？The price of _ petrol is going up again!A. the; the B. /; the C. the; / D. /; /25. 【2012全国新课标】 Sarah looked at _ finished painting with _ satisfaction. A. /; aB. a; theC. the; /D. the; a26. 【2013新课标I】India attained _ independence in 1947, after _ long struggle.A. /; aB. the; aC. an; /D. an; the链接：抽象名词前面不用冠词泛指时侧重于表达一种概念。如上面题中的attain independence, with satisfaction表达的是“获得独立”(答疑qq 329950885)这个概念，并不是强调获得哪次独立。在可数名词中，go to school去上学， be in hospital在住院；而go to the school去那所学校（不一定是去上学）， be in the hospital在那家医院（不一定是生病）。我们可以看出，不管是可数名词还是抽象名词，不用冠词时可以表示概念，用定冠词时表示特指。考点4. 名词有修饰语时，前面不一定都用定冠词I like books with hard covers. 我喜欢精装书。I like the books with hard covers. 我喜欢那些精装书。在第一句中，books是泛指精装书这一类书。在第二句中，是特指，所以用定冠词。在第一句中，with hard covers是描绘性定语。在第二句中，with hard covers是限定性定语，指的是那些书中精装的那些，而不是别的。限制性定语：指of引导的定语或某些定语从句，他们限制名词的意义，是指特定的内容，和它相对的则是描绘型定语（这种定语只描绘，不限定意思）：名词被限制性定语修饰时，前面用定冠词；被描绘性定语修饰时，不用定冠词。She cared little for social life. 她对社交生活不太感兴趣。(social为描绘性定语)He has always been interested in classical music. 他一向喜欢古典音乐。（classical为描绘性定语）This is the book you want. 这是你想要的那本书。（you want为限制性定语）This is a book you must read. 这是一本你必须要读的书。（you must read为描绘性定语）27. 【2000全国】Most animals have little connection with _ animals of _ different kind unless they kill them for food. A. the; aB. /; aC. the; theD. /; the28. 【2012浙江】The development of industry has been _ gradual process throughout _ human existence from stone tools to modern technology. A. /; theB. the; aC. a; /D. a; a 29. 【2010浙江】 Many lifestyle patterns do such _ great harm to health that they actually speed up _ weakening of the human body.A. a; /B. /; theC. a; theD. /; /30. 【2004北京春】On _ news today, there were _ reports of heavy snow in that area. A. the; theB. the; /C. /; /D. /; the31. As a consequence，_ fruits such as peaches and pears are in fact related, although they are different at _ first sight.A. the; theB. /; theC. /; /D. the; /写作专练1. 遇到名词要考虑前面冠词是特指还是类指（P. 225)第2讲 不定冠词a，an 的基本用法考点1. a, an 的选择用a还是用an, 关键是看该单词音标中第一个音素是元音音素还是辅音音素。There is _ “u” in the word “use”. 这里用a。因为字母u的读音为ju，j为辅音音素。在26个字母前：用a的有14个：b, c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z；用an的有12个：a, e, i, o; f, l, m, n, s, x; h, r 。分类记为： 元音字母（4个）：a, e, i, o 字母读音中第一个音素为 e（6个）： f ef, l el, m em, n en, s es, x eks 字母读音中第一个音素为 eI（1个）：h eItS 字母读音中第一个音素为 A (1个)：r A an honest boy an hour an honor _ “M” _ “N” _ “L”(an) _ ugly man (an) _ university student(a) _ European car (a) _ 800-word-long composition(an) _180-metre-long road (a)1. Mr. Taylor has _ 8-year-old daughter who is _ girl for painting she has won two nation prizes.A. a; aB. an; theC. an; aD. the; a2. Susan, _ university student from Europe, teaches me _ art in her spare time.A. an; /B. a; theC. a; /D. an; the3. A little boy wrote _ “U” and _ “n” on the wall.A. a; anB. an; aC. an; anD. a; a4. Now he is _ artist. I have known him since he was _ one-year-old boy.A. a; anB. a; aC. an; anD. an; a5. 【2004浙江】The Wilsons live in _ A-shaped house near the coast. It is _ 17th century cottage.A. the; /B. an; theC. /; theD. an; a 考点2. a/an有表示“每一个”之意，这时不能用one 替换6. The train is running fifty miles _.A. an hourB. one hourC. the hourD. a hour7. The new D-type trains can run at speeds of 200 to 250 kilometers _ hour. The trip from Shanghai to Beijing only takes 10 hours now. A. aB. anC. theD. /考点3. help, success, honor, must, wonder, failure, wonder表示具体意义时抽象名词前一般不用任何冠词，但表示具体意义的“的人或事”时是可数名词，其前用不定冠词。如：This book is a great success.He is a success as a writer.He is a great help to me.This dictionary is a great help.8. Mr. Smith told us that _ gold medal his son had got was considered _ great honor to the whole family.A. the; /B. the; aC. a; aD. a; the9. Dont you think it _ surprise that a German cannot speak _ German language?A. /; theB. a; theC. a; /D. /; the10. 【2007福建】How about _ Christmas evening party? I should say it was _ success.A. a; a B. the; aC. a; /D. the; /11. 【2007浙江】I like _ color of your skirt. It is _ good match for your blouse. A. a; the B. a; aC. the; aD. the; the12. 【2012山东】Being able to afford _ drink would be _ comfort in those tough times. A. the; theB. a; aC. a; /D. /; a 13. _ on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is _ major concern of the country.A. The; /B. The; aC. An; theD. An; /考点4. 用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前表示“一种、一类、一份、一场、一阵”如：Thats a green tea. 那是一种绿茶。They were caught in a heavy rain. 他们淋了一场大雨。Its a great pleasure to have a talk with you.14. What would you like, sir? _.A. Two cups coffeeB. Two cups of coffeesC. Two coffees D. Two cup of coffees考点5. 用在一些专有名词和一些本身前面要用定冠词的名词前，表示某一方面In four minutes he was met by an anxious Miss Cramb.四分钟之后，焦急的克朗姆小姐向他迎来。不定冠词用于专有名词前，表示某个时期或具有某种特征的人或物。此时，专有名词常有前置修饰性定语。(答疑qq 329950885)再如：She is now a different Miss Nancy from what she was when she was my neighbor.她现在已不是与我为邻时的那个南希小姐了。15. 【2010江苏】The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that _ people from all walks of life are working hard for _ new Jiangsu.A. /; aB. /;theC. the; aD. the; the 16. 【2009安徽】We can never expect _ bluer sky unless we create _ less polluted world. A. a; aB. a; theC. the; aD. the; the考点6. 用在人名或星期前，表示“某一”， 相当于a certain不定冠词用于人名或星期几之前，表示说话者对所谈及的人或时间把握不大，不知道到底是谁或哪个星期几。此时的不定冠词相当于one或a certain。17. Can I speak to Mr. Green?Sorry. There isnt _ Mr. Smith here.A. /B. aC. theD. an18. 【2005山东】I know _ John Lennon, but not _ famous one . A. /; aB. a; theC. /; theD. the; a19. 【2005 湖南】 I cant remember when exactly the Robinsons left _ city. I only remember it was _ Monday.A. The; theB. a; theC. a; aD. the; a考点7. 用在人名、地名等前面，相当于汉语中的“借代”修辞手法He is a Shakespeare in his dramatic skill.在戏剧技巧方面他可以说是莎翁再世。用于人名、地名、书名之前，表示所提及的人或物与专有名词所指的人或物具有相同的性质。20. 【2011浙江】 Experts think that _ recently discovered painting may be _ Picasso. A. the; /B. a; theC. a; /D. the; a 考点8. be of an (a) age /size /height /shape /color /weight /type /price等表示“相同的”（参看P.27Error! Reference source not found.）Those windows are of a size. 这些窗户大小相同。Those windows are of the same size.They are nearly of an age. 他们基本同龄。They are nearly of the same age.21. These two Christmas trees are of _size, but the one they bought yesterday is maybe twice _size of them.A. the; theB. a; theC. a; aD. the; a写作专练2. 用活不定冠词a, an（P. 225)第3讲 定冠词the 的基本用法考点1. 与序数词和最高级连用在表达“一年级”时，我们可以说：Grade One或the first grade。可以看出：用基数词表示名称时，基数词放在名词后面，名词前面不用冠词，且名词和基数词都要大写；用序数词表示名称时，序数词放在名词前面，序数词前要用冠词，序数词和名词都小写。1. 【1999全国】Paper money was in _ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _ thirteenth century. A. the; /B. the; theC./; theD. /; /2. He is a student of _.A. class FirstB. the class one C. Class OneD. First Class3. We were so late getting to the theatre that we missed most of _.A. the act firstB. Act OneC. act firstD. first act4. He lived in _.A. the room 105B. the 105 roomC. the 105 of the room D. Room 105考点2. 表示乐器类名词前用定冠词球类、棋类等运动类名词前不用冠词, 而乐器类名称前要用定冠词。有人想了这个办法，“搞体育的人总是衣冠不齐（没有冠词），而搞音乐的人衣冠整齐（有冠词）。5. Tina，could you please play _ piano for me while Im singing？With pleasure.A. aB. anC. theD. /6. He can play almost every kind of music instrument but he is good _.A. at the fluteB. at fluteC. at a flute D. at that flute考点3. 与形容词或分词连用, 指一类人the poor the rich the oldthe young the wounded the uneducatedthe injured the Chinese the Japanese有时也可表示具体的某个或某些。如：The wounded was a young boy.7. He wrote _ song, which turned out to be rather popular with _ young.A. the; theB. a; /C. a; theD. the; /8. The investigators found that more should be done for _ in India.A. those poorB. a poorC. poorD. the poor9. The young nurse is kind to _ ill in the hospital.A. aB. anC. /D. the10. The living carried away the dead and the healthy helped _. A. the illB. the woundedC. the braveD. the rich考点4. 与姓氏复数名词连用, 表示某某一家人，或某某夫妇The Whites are chatting. 怀特一家人正在聊天.11. _ usually go to church every Sunday.A. The BrownB. A BrownC. BrownsD. The Browns12. 【1998上海】Who did you spend last weekend with? _. A. PalmersB. The Palmers C. The PalmersD. The Palmers考点5. 由两个以上的普通名词组成的专有名称，一般要用定冠词沙漠河流与群山，列岛海峡与海湾, 阶级党派国家名，组织团体与机关。（可以概括为“政党定江山”，也就是说表示“政党”和“江山”一类的前面要用“定”冠词。有点琐碎，也可不记，仅用来参考。）注意：the 与山脉名词连用; 在表示山或山峰的名词前一般不用冠词, 如Mount Tai 。但是在山脉的复数之前需要加the。如: the Alps （阿尔卑斯山）江河海洋：the Changjiang River, the Suez Canal, the Pacific Ocean山脉群岛：the Tianshan Mountains, the Alps, the Zhoushan Archipelago海峡海湾：the English Channel, the Taiwan Straits国名：the United States, the United Kingdom, the Peoples Republic of China组织：the United Nations, the Ministry of Education, the No.2 Army Medical College建筑物：the National Gallery, the Peace Hotel, the Workers Gymnasium报纸、期刊：The Washington Post, the Daily Mail标牌：the No.10 bus但：街道、广场、公园、车站机场、桥梁、大学等一般不用定冠词。（可以概括为“城市设施”类。）街道：Nanjing Road, Fleet Street广场：Tiananmen Square, Times Square公园：Beihai Park, Hyde Park车站、机场、桥梁：Paddington Station, Kennedy Airport, Golden Gate Bridge大学：Qinghua University, Yale University13. They sailed along _ Yellow River for two weeks before they arrived _ home.A. /; /B. the; /C. the; theD. /; the14. 【2011陕西】As is know to all, _ Peoples Republic of China is _ biggest developing country in the world. A. the; / B. /; theC. the; the D. /; /15. From the top of _ Empire State Building, you could see up to _ distance of 130 kilometers on a clear day.A. the; theB. /; aC. an; theD. the; a16. 【2013陕西】Marco Polo is said to have sailed on _ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in _ thirteenth century.A. the; a B. a; / C. /; theD. the; the考点6. 用在年代、朝代、时代名词前the Tang Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period, in the 1870s 在19世纪70年代注意：in modern times, in the old days17. 【2012四川】We are said to be living in _ Information Age, _ time of new discoveries and great changes.A. an; theB. /; theC. /; aD. the; a 18. Scientists hope to send an expedition to Mars during _.A. the 1990sB. the 1990C. 1990sD. 1990s考点7. 用在“by + the+单位名词”结构中, 表示 “以单位计”The apples are sold by the kilo. 这些苹果按公斤卖。The workers are paid by the hour. 这些工人的工资是按小时计算的。19. Apples are usually sold by _ weight, and eggs are sometimes sold by _ dozen.A. the; theB. /; aC. /; theD. the; a20. How did you pay the workers?As a rule, they are paid _.A. by an yourB. by the hour C. by a hourD. by hours21. 【2011江西】Its said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 _ year.Right, he will also get paid by _ week.A. the; theB. a; theC. the; aD. a; a考点8. hit/ strike /pull /seize /lead /catch+ sb. + by +the +部位The stone hit him in the face. I hit Tom on the nose/shoulder/head.He struck the thief in the eyes/face. She led the cow by the nose. I seized her by the hand/hair.22. He grabbed me _ and pulled me onto the bus.A. a armB. an armC. the armD. by the arm23. I didnt know why he looked angry when I patted him _.A. on the headB. on head C. on a headD. on his head24. A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in _ leg. A. aB. oneC. theD. his25. 【2008浙江】 _ apple fell from the tree and hit him on _ head.A. An; theB. The; theC. An; /D. The; /考点9. 表示方向的词前面用定冠词, 如：on the left, in the south26. The DMZ extends about two hundred kilometers _.A. from east to westB. from the east to westC. from the east to the westD. from eastern to western链接： the + 比较级，用于两者（参看P. 40Error! Reference source not found.）He is the taller of the two soldiers. 写作专练3. 掌握好名词前用the的各种情况（P. 225）第4讲 不用冠词的情况考点1. 季节、月份、星期、节日、假日和三餐前一般不加冠词Childrens Day falls on June 1. 6月1日是儿童节。Spring comes after Winter. 冬去春来。注意：1. 中国节日，如：the Mid-Autumn Festival , the Spring Festival，the Dragon Boat Festival, the Lantern Festival等前要用冠词。 2. 如果季节、月份、星期和三餐有定语修饰时, 就要加冠词。比较：have breakfast与 have a light/big/heavy breakfast, on Sunday 与on a Sunday of May。He left the city in the autumn of 2001. (答疑qq 329950885)他是在2001年的秋天离开那座城市的。1. I go to work very early. I dont usually have _ breakfast, but I always eat _ good supper.A. /; aB. /; /C. the; /D. /; the2. After _ quick breakfast I hurried to _ school.A. /; /B. a; /C.