中考英语话题知识拓展 Topic13 社会 自然与环境（常用句型+重难点解析）(1).doc

topic 13社会、自然与环境（一）国家与民族常用句型 1. the population of the world is becoming larger and larger. 世界人口变得越来越多。2. whats the population of your country? 你们国家的人口有多少？3. what language can you speak? 你会说什么语言？4. i will meet friends from englishspeaking countries. 我要去见我那些来自讲英语的国家的朋友。5. what is the capital of the canada? 加拿大的首都是什么（地方）？6. which country is in the east of china? 哪个国家在中国的东边？7. i think china is a very interesting country. 我认为中国是一个非常有趣的国家。8. we should try our best to protect our environment. 我们应该努力保护我们的环境。 重难点精析 考点一 population的用法population表示“人口数”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。表示“有多少人口”时，一般说has a population of.或the population of.is.。如：china has a population of about 1.3 billion. = the population of china is about 1.3 billion. 中国大约有十三亿人口。 但当population前有分数、百分数等修饰时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：two thirds of the population in this country are farmers. 这个国家三分之二的人口是农民。注意：表示人口“多”或“少”常用large/big或small来修饰。如：singapore has a small population. 新加坡人口很少。 提问人口多少用疑问词what。如：whats the population of your city? 你所在的城市人口是多少？考点二 辨析 damage, destroy与ruindamage 表示“损害，损坏”，通常是指部分性的损坏，往往暗示损坏后价值、效率、功能等降低，有时用于比喻用法中。如：the bridge was badly damaged by the flood.桥被洪水损坏得很严重。smoking will damage your health. 抽烟会损害你的健康。destroy 表示“毁坏”，通常指彻底的毁掉或毁灭，往往暗示无法或很难修复，有时用于比喻用法中。如：the fire destroyed the building. 大火毁了大楼。all my hopes were destroyed by his letter of refusal.他回信拒绝，使我的希望完全破灭。ruin 表示“毁灭”，指彻底的毁坏，破坏的原因通常是自然现象、年龄、疏忽等，现多用于比喻用法中，在真正具体地摧毁或破坏某座建筑物时，通常不用 ruin。如：the storm ruined the crops. 暴风雨毁坏了庄稼。he ruined his prospects by carelessness. 他因粗心大意断送了前途。考点三 辨析be famous for与be famous asbe famous for表示人“以某种知识技能、作品或特征而出名”，表示某地“以某种特点、或特征出名”，或表示某事“以其内容、特征、价值等而被人所知”。如：he is famous for his skill in playing football.the area is famous for its green tea.be famous as表示“以而出名”的意思，或确切地说是“作为而出名”的意思，主要表示人“以某种身份或职业而出名”，或表示某地方“作为产地或地方而出名”，或表示某事物“以某种形式而出名”。如：mark twin was famous as a childrenstory writer. (二)自然环境中考知识清单常用句型 1. we should try our best to protect our environment. 我们应该努力保护我们的环境。2. will there be less pollution in the future? 未来的污染会减少吗？3. we shouldnt throw rubbish everywhere. 我们不应该把垃圾扔的到处都是。4. trees can help clean the air. 树木可以净化空气。5. the environmental pollution is more and more serious today.现在环境污染问题变得越来越严重。6. when trees cut down, some animals disappear. 当树木被砍倒的时候，一些动物消失了。7. there is more and more dirty smoke in the air.空气中有很多脏的烟雾。8. peoples health has been affected by air, noise and water pollution.人们的健康被空气污染，噪音污染和水污染影响着。9. we should help clean up the city parks.我们应该帮助清洁城市公园。重难点精析 考点一 辨析a number of 与the number ofa number of 意为“许多，若干”，中心词为of 后面的复数名词，当其作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式；the number of意为“的数量或数目”，中心词为number,当其作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。相同点为二者之后均加可数名词复数。如：the number of books in our library is going up.我们图书馆里藏书的数量正在上升。a number of students are playing football on the playground. 许多学生在操场上踢足球。考点二 辨析endanger, dangerous与dangerendnger是动词，意为“危害，危机，使遭到危险”。如：we shouldnt endanger the property of the public.我们不应该损害公共财产。danger是名词，意为“危险”。如：the boy is in danger. 男孩处于危险中。dangerous是形容词，是“危险的”。如：tigers are dangerous animals. 老虎是危险的动物。【参考范文】 hello, everyone. its nice to speak about what we can do to protect the environment. first, to reduce air pollution, we should walk or ride a bike instead of taking a taxi or a private car, and take a bus when travelling a long distance. second, we should reduce the waste we produce. for example, both sides of the paper must be used. then, try to chew less gum, and rubbish should be sorted and recycled or reused. last, we mus