高考英语 阅读理解（4月）训练（14）.doc

2013高考英语阅读理解（4月）训练（14）及答案cwe discuss the issue of when to help a patient die. doctors of our generation are not newcomers to this question. going back to my internship（实习）days, i can remember many patients in pain, sometimes in coma(昏迷), with late, hopeless cancer. for many of them, we wrote an order for heavy medicationmorphine(吗啡)by the clock. this was not talked about openly and little was written about it. it was essential, not controversial.the best way to bring the problem into focus is to describe two patients whom i cared for. the first, formerly a nurse, had an automobile accident. a few days later her lungs seemed to fill up; her heart developed dangerous rhythm disturbances. so there she was: in coma, on a breathing machine, her heartbeat maintained with an electrical device. one day after rounds, my secretary said the husband and son of the patient wanted to see me. they told me their wife and mother was obviously going to die; she was a nurse and had told her family that she never wanted this kind of terrible death, being maintained by machines. i told them that while i respected their view, there was nothing deadly about her situation. the kidney(肾) failure she had was just the kind for which the artificial kidney was most effective. while possibly a bit reassured, they were disappointed. here was the head surgeon seemingly determined to keep everybody alive, no matter what.within a few days the patients pacemaker(起搏器) could be removed and she awoke from her coma. about six months later, the door of my office opened and in walked a gloriously fit woman. after some cheery words of appreciation, the father and son asked to speak to me alone. as soon as the door closed, both men became quite tearful. all that came out was, we want you to know how wrong we were.the second patient was an 85-year-old lady whose hair caught fire while she was smoking. she arrived with a deep burn; i knew it would surely be deadly. as a remarkable coincidence there was a meeting for discussion going on at the time in medical ethics(道德). the speaker asked me if i had any sort of ethical problem i could bring up for discussion. i described the case and asked the students their opinion. after the discussion, i made a remark that was, when looking back, a serious mistake. i said, ill take the word back to the nurses about her and we will talk about it some more before we decide. the instructor and the students were shocked: you mean this is a real patient? the teacher of ethics was not accustomed to being challenged by actuality. in any event, i went back and met with the nurses. a day or two later, when she was making no progress and was suffering terribly, we began to back off treatment. soon she died quietly and not in pain. as a reasonable physician, you had better move ahead and do what you would want done for you. and dont discuss it with the world first. there is a lesson here for everybody. assisting people to leave this life requires strong judgment and long experience to avoid its misuse.10. in the early days when a patient had got a deadly, hopeless illness, _.a. doctors used to ask the patient to go back home and wait for deathb. doctors would write all their treatment plan on the patients medical recordc. doctors would talk about their treatment plan openlyd. usually doctors would inject more morphine into the patient to end his life11. the first patients husband and son wanted the doctor_.a. to end her lifeb. to save her lifec. to operate on her at onced. to use an artificial kidney12. in the second paragraph, why were they disappointed?a. their wife and mother was going to die. b. they doctor didnt do as they asked to.c. their wife and mother had to receive a kidney transplant.d. the doctor scolded them for their cruelty 13. at the meeting, the author discussed with the students_.a. how to help patients end their livesb. the importance of mercy killingc. the relationship between mercy killing and ethicsd. the case about an old lady14. the author suggested that doctors_ before they assist a patient in killing himself.a. discuss it with the others firstb. make sure there is no other choice leftc. be required to do so first by the patientd. give the patient enough morphine 15.which of the following can best describe the author?ka. cruel. b. determined. c. experienced. d. considerate.参考答案 10-15 dabdbc*结束dthe board meeting had come to an end. bob started to stand up and knocked into the table, spilling his coffee over his notes. “how embarrassing! i am getting so clumsy in my old age.”everyone had a good laugh, and soon we were all telling stories of our most embarrassing moments. it came around to frank who sat quietly listening to the others. someone said, “come on, frank. tell us your most embarrassing moment.”frank laughed and began to tell us of his childhood. “i grew up in san pedro. my dad was a fisherman, and he loved the sea. he had his own boat, but it was hard making a living on the sea. he worked hard and would stay out until he caught enough to feed the family. not just enough for our family, but also for his mom and dad and the other kids that were still at home.”he looked at us and said, “i wish you could have met my dad. he was a big man, and he was strong from pulling the nets and fighting the seas for his catch. when you got close to him, he smelled like the ocean. he would wear his old canvas, foul-weather coat and his bibbed overalls. his rain hat would be pulled down over his brow. no matter how much my mother washed them, they would still smell of the sea and of fish.”franks voice dropped a bit. “when the weather was bad he would drive me to school. he had this old truck that he used in his fishing business. that truck was older than he was. it would wheeze and rattle down the road. you could hear it coming for blocks. as he would drive toward the school, i would shrink (畏缩) down into the seat hoping to disappear. half the time, he would slam to a stop and the old truck would belch (喷出) a cloud of smoke. he would pull right up in front, and it seemed like everybody would be standing around and watching. then he would lean over and give me a big kiss on the cheek and tell me to be a good boy. it was so embarrassing for me. here, i was twelve years old, and my dad would lean over and kiss me goodbye!”he paused and then went on, “i remember the day i decided i was too old for a goodbye kiss. when we got to the school and came to a stop, he had his usual big smile. he started to lean toward me, but i put my hand up and said, “no, dad.” it was the first time i had ever talked to him that way, and he had this surprised look on his face. i said, “dad, im too old for a goodbye kiss. im too old for any kind of kiss.” my dad looked at me for the longest time, and his eyes started to tear up. then he turned and looked out the windshield. “ youre right,” he said. “ you are a big boy.a man. i wont kiss you anymore.”frank got a funny look on his face, and the tears began to well up in his eyes, as he spoke. “it wasnt long after that when my dad went to sea and never came back. it was a day when most of the fleet (船队) stayed in, but not dad. he had a big family to feed. they found his boat adrift with its nets half in and half out. he must have gotten into a strong wind and was trying to save the nets and the floats.”i looked at frank and saw that tears were running down his cheeks. frank spoke again. “guys, you dont know what i would give to have my dad give me just one more kiss on the cheekto feel his rough old face to smell the ocean on him to feel his arm around my neck. i wish i had been a man then. if i had been a man, i would never have told my dad i was too old for a goodbye kiss.”16. when his father drove him to the school, frank would shrink down into the seat hoping to disappear because _.a. he was ashamed of his fathers old truckb. he thought he was old enough to go to school alonec. he didnt want his schoolmates to see his fatherd. he hated the way his schoolmates stared at his father17. in franks eyes, when his father said “you are a big boy a man.”, he probably felt _.a. disappointedb. hurtc. excitedd. proud18. according to the story we can conclude that franks father _.a. was quite confident in his skills in fishingb. loved his children but hardly expressed itc. seldom gave up faced with challengesd. was full of devotion to his family19. by saying the sentence “i wish i had been a man then”, frank meant _.a. he was fed up with his father kissing him goodbyeb. he deeply regretted what he had done to his fatherc. he was then too young to refuse a goodbye kissd. he hoped that his father would forgive him20. which of the following may be the best title for this passage?a. the smell of the oceanb. we all need lovec. a goodbye kissd. fathers embarrassment参考答案 16-20 abdbc*结束（2011上海卷）(c)human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in britain, a group of leading archaeologists(考古学家) says. i a letter addressed to the justice secretary, ken clarke, 40 archaeologists write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue. it centers on the law introduced by the ministry of justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in england and wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age. the decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance.“your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied, whether after a standard period of two years or further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice,” they write. the law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites, including the remains of 60 or so bodies found at stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3,000 bc. archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time, but eventually the bones will have to be returned to the ground.the arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as happisburgh in norfolk, where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950,000 years ago. if human remains were found at happisburgh, they would be the oldest in northern europe and the first indication of what this species was. under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed.before 2008, guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest, while the burial act 1857 applied to more recent remains. the ministry of justice assured archaeologists two years ago that the law was temporary, but has so far failed to revise it.mike parker pearson, an archaeologist at sheffield university, said: “archaeologists have been extremely patient because we wee led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem, but we feel that we cannot wait any longer.”the ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be reburied, or on what records should be kept.72. according to the passage, scientists are unhappy with the law mainly bec