考点详解版--高中英语动词时态语态讲解及练习

表格式一般现在时态和语态 一般现在时特点要点内容概念一般现在时是表示现在经常反复发生的动作存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态标志语often，sometimes，always，usually等频率词连用， every day, every week, every month, every term, every year, once a week，twice a year，on Sundays,谓语动词的时态构成1 be动词的一般现在时 ：am is are（是）2 当谓语动词是行为动词的时候：（1）当主语不是第三人称单数的时候，一般现在时用行为动词的原形（2）主语是he,she,it等第三人称单数（除去I,you以外的任何一个单数的名词或者代词），动词要变形加s或es（温馨提示：动词变形要符合两个条件：1，主语是三单，2，句子是肯定句）谓语动词语态构成形式am is are + 过去分词温馨提示（重要考点）1 表示位置转移的动词go， come，start，move，sail，leave，arrive，stay，live, fly, get等可用一般现在时表示按计划“即将”发生的动作， 2 在时间和条件状语从句中，都可用现在时表示将来时（即主将从现原则,一定要有两个句子）【常见主将从现的标志语有if, as soon as(一就) unless(如果不when, before, until(直到才)等从句标志语】1 .He (play) football very well. 2. Jenny (has) a good friend? 3. Brian （not live) in China. 4. Li Ming with me (be) in Beijing. 5. If it （not rain）tomorrow, we will go to the park.6. Our teacher said that the earth (go)around the sun yesterday.7.He （help） the old man every week . 8.The old man （help） by him every week.9.The building (visit) by many people every year. 一 一般现在时 （一）定义：主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语； 表示客观规律和永恒真理等He usually goes to work at 7 oclock every morning. The earth goes around the sun.Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.（二）标志词： always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever，every week (day, year, month), once /twice a week, on Sundays, （三）谓语动词构成：1 be动词的一般现在时 ：am is are（是， “在”）2 当谓语动词是行为动词的时候：（1）当主语不是第三人称单数的时候，一般现在时用行为动词的原形（2）主语是he,she,it等第三人称单数（除去I,you以外的任何一个单数的名词或者代词），动词要变形加s或es（温馨提示：动词变形要符合两个条件：1，主语是三单，2，句子是肯定句）（四）.基本结构： 1，肯定句：主语+谓语（+其他的） He loves sports. Jane is an outgoing girl. （主语He是三单，又是肯定句，所以谓语动词发生变形，加上了s） Tom and Tim both have medium height. He has a big mouth. We like the dog very much.2，否定句： 主语+dont或者doesnt+动词原形+其他 (在be或者后面加上do does) Candy doesnt do her housework every day. We dont dance . He isnt a worker.3，一般疑问句： Do (Does)+主语+动词原形+其他？（把be或者do does 提到主语的前面） Does she like English? Yes,she does. No,she doesnt. Do you swim in summer? Are you a teacher?4，特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句 Where does Tom come from?（五) 一般现在时态用法（1）经常性或习惯性的动作，常与这样的时间状语连用： eg: We always help each other. It often snows in winter. I get up early every morning. （2）表示主语现在的特征、性格、能力等。 eg: He loves sports. Jane is an outgoing girl. Tom and Tim both have medium height. （3）表示客观、普遍真理 eg: Two and four makes six. Water boils at 100 The moon moves round the earth。The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.（4）表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。（六）一般现在时态的考点：考点一：表示永恒真理（结合宾语从句考点） 即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。 Our teacher said that the earth goes (go)around the sun yesterday. I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.考点二：一般现在时态表将来的情况1. ：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词后面用现在时态表将来。时间状语从句的标志语：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件状语从句的标志语：if, unless, provided.I will give it to him as soon as I see him tomorrow. 明天我一看见他就交给他。He will come if you invite him. 如果你请他,他会来的。Suppose he doesnt agree，what shall we do?假如他不同意，那怎么办?I shall do as I please. 我高兴怎么做就怎么做。He will continue the work no matter what happens. if he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.2：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter 宾语从句， 从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。So long as he works hard, I dont mind when he finishes the experiment.只要他努力工作， 我不介意他什么时候做完试验。See to it that you are not late again. 注意别再迟到了。3：在the more the more (越越) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时, 因为前者相当于条件状语从句The harder you study, the better results you will get.4. 表示按计划或时间表将要发生的动作，通常有表示将来的时间状语。如：The plane takes off at 11:30 and arrives in Shanghai at l:20. 飞机十一点半起飞，一点二十分抵达上海。The meeting begins at 8:00 .注意：只限于少数动词能这样用，如 begin, start, , end, finish, stop, go, come, leave, sail, arrive, return, close, open （一般都是瞬间动词这样用一般现在时表示将来的动作）等。 考点三：以here, there等开始的倒装句，动词多为go，come等，用一般现在时态表示动作正在进行。如：Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. （2006 四川）Look at the timetable .Hurry up! Flight 4026 off at 18:20. A takes B took C will be taken D has taken (2010 四川)19If you have a job，_yourself to it and finally youll succeed Ado devote Bdont devote Cdevoting Dnot devoting一 专项练习：1 Jenny _ in an office. Her parents _in a hospital.A work , works B works, work C work, are working D is working, work2 One of the boys_ a black hat.A have B there is C there are D has3 We will go shopping if it_ tomorrow.A dont rain B didnt rain C doesnt rain D isnt rain 4 He said the sun _in the east and _in the west.A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets5 Wang Mei _ music and often _ to music.A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen6 Jenny_ English every evening.A has study B studies C study D studied二 用适当的动词填空。1.If it （not rain）tomorrow, we will go to the park.2.Our teacher said that the earth (go)around the sun yesterday.3.He (play) football very well. We (play) football very well. 4. Jenny (has) a good friend? 5. Brian （not live) in China. 6. Li Ming with me (be) in Beijing. 7.He （help） the old man every week . 8.The old man （help） by him every week.11.The building (visit) by many people every year.20. _you study English at school ? Yes , I_. ( do )21. _your sister study English at school ? No , she_ . ( do )22. Im _ better . ( feel ) 23. Why_Tom absent today ? ( be )23I _(write) to you as soon as I _(get) to London. 24. He doesnt feel well and _(not eat) any food this morning. 25. He _ _( not see) me come in, for he _(read) something with great interest. 26. I _(let) you ( have) the book as soon as I _(finish) it. 27. While we _(wait) for our teacher, a little boy _(run) up to us. 28. Dont make a niose. Grandpa _(sleep). 29.Its seven now, Toms family_(watch) TV. 30. It _(take) me two hours to finish my homework last night. 31. What _ your mother _(do) at eight yesterday evening?- She _(wash) clothes. 32. _ it _ (rain) when school was over yesterday? 33. What _you (do) _ tomorrow? - We _ (play) football. 34. There _ (be) a football match on TV this evening. 35. They said they _ (visit) the Great Wall the next summer holiday. 36. Who _ (dance) the best in your class? 37. Will you come if he _ (not come)? 38. The teacher told us the earth _ (move) round the sun. 39 She _ (buy) a sweater yesterday.40. They _ (have) a party in the garden if it _ (not rain) tomorrow. 41. I dont know if Mr.Wang _ (fly) to Shanghai tomorrow. If he _ (fly)there, I _ (ask) him _ (take) some books to my daughter, because she _ (study) there. 42 If I （be）you, I wouldnt go with him. If you (help) us last night ,we (finish) the work. 二 现在进行时（一）现在进行时定义和标志语：1. 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：标志语：now, at this time, these days, look, listen，（做提示语的时候）Its oclock, The house is being built these days.2. 或表感情色彩，加强语气。标志语：频率副词always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 We are having English class. The little boy is always making trouble. （二）谓语动词时态构成： am/is/are+doing （三）谓语动词被态语态构成： am/is/are+being +done 助动词（am, is, are）只随主语变化。如下表：I he,she,it you, we, they (包括单数名词) (包括复数名词) am is are（四） 句型变化：1 肯定句：主语+助动词（am,is, are）+现在分词(v.-ing)+其它。They are working in a factory these days. 2 否定句：主语+助动词（am,is, are）not+现在分词(v.-ing)+其它。They arent working in a factory these days.3 一般疑问句:一般疑问句把be提到主语前面。Are they working in a factory these days.4 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？What are they doing now?(五)、现在进行时的基本用法： 1. 表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情或者当前在发生的动作。例如：We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。They are working in a factory these days. More and more people are giving up smoking. 2. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如： Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。） 3. 表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer. 4. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往 往带有说话人的主观色彩。 You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。 When are you leaving? Are you going to Tibet tomorrow? Im leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.（已经安排了） were flying to Paris tomorrow.(票已经拿到了）(6) 、不用进行时的动词 （状态动词不用于进行时态，多用一般现在时态或者 其他时态） (1)表示知道或者了解以及决定的词: accept,finish,give,decide ,believe, ,know,understand, want ,wish, think ,see, I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。 (2).表示“看起来”“看上去 look, seem You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。 (3)表示喜爱或不喜爱hate,like.love He likes apples. (4)表示构成或来源的动词 be from,come from. (5)表示感官的动词，系动词， sound ,smell, taste feel, The music sounds interesting.(6)表示拥有包括的动词need.own . belong to ,cost, have等。 I have two brothers. This house belongs to my sister.考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。Look out when you are crossing the street. Dont wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.考点二： 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。多是表示位置转移的动词go， come，start，move，sail，leave，arrive，stay，live, fly, get等可用现在进行时表示已经确定或安排好的将来活动Marry is leaving on Friday.专项训练： 1.What_you_(do)? I_(sing) an English song.2.What_he_(mend)? He_(mend) a car.3._you_(fly) a kite? Yes,_.4._she_(sit) in the boat? 5._you_(ask) questions?6.We_(play) games now.7 Wheres our teacher? -He _(watch) a football match on the playground now.8. Dont make any noise. Jim _(sleep)9.They _(be)in the room now.10.How cold it is! Its _(snow)heavily.11.Listen! Peter and Becky _(talk)about the weather.12.Be quiet! My teacher is _(say)something.13.Its 8 oclock. They _(have) an English class.14. Hurry up! Your mother _(wait) for you downstairs.15.Where are the twins? -Theyre _(play)football at school.16.Mr. Jones cant come. He _(have)a meeting.17. Look! Sally and Jim _(swim)in the river.18.Look! They _ (run) along the street.19. We _ (practise) hard these daysbecause we will have a big match next month.20._ you _ (study) English? -Yes, I am八改错：每处划线中有错误，在题后改正1. Is he reading newspapers every day?2. Are they planting trees over there? -No, they dont.3. John from Class 2 is runing past Helen.4. Look! The students flying a kite.5. They are watch TV in the room now.6. Now Jean and Harry are singing and dance.7. Jim are now cleaning the classroom at school. 8. Lucy is now do her homework at school.9. Listen! Jim and Tom dont now singing.10. Are they playing football? -Yes, they do. 三、现在完成时 现在完成时特点要点内容现在完成时概念过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 现在完成时标志语already, yet, just, before，so far,for+一段时间,since+过去时间（two years ago）或者一般过去时态的从句recently, in the past few yearsstill, lately, often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion ， now,up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year，today, up to present, （这些标识语全可以用于完成时态，单用的时候用现在完成时）谓语动词的时态构成have/has (主语是三单)+ done现在完成时的被动语态构成have/has +been + done温馨提示（重要考点）1. 标志语和时态。2. 和一般过去时，过去完成时的区别。3.现在完成时不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。4.现在完成时的被动语态。 5.现在完成时常见两种句型： 主语have / has beenfor短语 It is一段时间 since从句 （一般过去时）6. 直接引语变间接引语时，如果主句是过去时，现在完成时态要变成过去完成时态。一 基本考点练习1.We are surprised at what she already (do).We were surprised at what she already (do)2.She already (do) her homework. She said She already (do) her homework.3.She (not go) to Qingdao because she _ (be) there before.she _ (be) there before.4. He (not tell) you the news yet. He said he (not tell) you the news yet. 5. He said he already (give) the book to the teacher.He already (give) the book to the teacher.6. I _(teach) English for ten years. 7. I _(teach) English for ten years before I came the country. He said that he _(teach) English for ten years.8. She told me she _ _(be) to Sanya three times.she _ _(be) to Sanya three times.二 改被动语态：现在完成时态1.Mary has already seen this film.2.She hasnt returned to book to the library yet.3.My mum has just bought me a new bike.4.This little boy has learnt 500 English words.5.Li Ping has posted the letter on his way home.6.The workers have built the shopping mall 7.The teacher has told us an interesting story.8.Have the builders finished building the bridge ?9.Rose has made some friends in Shanghai.10.My lovely daughter has drawn a nice picture.三选择填空 1. In some countries , tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served 2. Great changes _ in my hometown since 1980. A. have been taken place B. took place C. have taken place D. were taken place 3. The new type of car is going to _ in three years. A. turn out B. be turned out C. has turned out D. have been turned out 4. Do you like the skirt ? It _ soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt 5. Are you still here ? You were here an hour ago . Who _ for ? A. are you waiting B. did you wait C. were you waiting D. do you wait 6. _ to know Professor Zhang. A. He said B. I said C. He is said D. It says 7. I want to sit at the table near the window. Sorry , _ already. A. it took B. it takes C. it is taking D. it has been taken 8. He told me that the final examination _ next Thursday. A. is given B. will be given C. would have given D. would be given 9. Water _ into ice. A. will changed B. must be changed C. should change D. can be changed 10. Plays _ twice a month in that theatre. A. put on B. are put on C. was put on D. often put on 11. A beautiful bike _ him by his classmates. A. sent to B. will sent to C. was sent to D. will be sent for 现在完成时态 一、 概念：过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果 I have finished my homework . 过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续 I have lived here since 1990.二 、标志词：见上表。三、现在完成时态的谓语动词基本构成：have/has + done The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. 四、 现在完成时的四个基本句型：（1）.肯定句：主语+ has(主语是第三人称单数)或者have+动词的过去分词+其他的。Mary has been ill for three days. You have talked.He has been in the League for three years. They have already finished their homework.(2).否定句：主语+hasnt(havent)+动词的过去分词+其他的。He hasnt returned from abroad You havent talked.(3).一般疑问句：Has(Have)+主语+动词的过去分词+其他的？Has Peter written six papers so far? Have you talked?(4).特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？How long has Thomas studied Russian?五、现在完成时的考点：1 、九个重点标志语的用法already 已经 肯定句中或句尾 I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already.yet已经 否定句和疑问句句尾 I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer yet?ever曾经 句中 Have you ever seen pandas?never从不 句中 I have never been to Beijing.just刚刚 句中 I have just done my work.before以前 句尾 I have never been there before. so far到目前为止 So far he has learnt 200 words. how long多久 How long have you lived here? how many times多少次 How many times has he been to Beijing?2、三词组用法区别： 1）havegone to“去了某地” He has gone to Beijing (人不在说话现场) 2）havebeen to“去过某地” He has been to Beijing. (人在说话现场)3）havebeen in “去了某地”+for+时间段 He has been in Beijing for ten years. （他已经去北京十年了。）1. _ you ever _America ? Yes, I have. A. Have gone to B. Have gone in C. Have been to D. Have been in2. My brother _ college for over three years. A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been in D. has been for3. Wheres Tony? He the library.3、两结构for two monthsfor +一段时间Jim has lived here for 2 months.since last yearsince +过去点时间Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago.since 3 years agosince 1990since he ca