语态变换法.doc

语态变换法这里说的语态是指主动语态和被动语态。这两种语态在英汉两种语言中的使用情况是很不相同的：英语大量使用被动语态，而汉语则很少使用，即便使用，也不像英语那样有固定或比较统一的构成形式。譬如说，汉语的被动不是只用一个“被”字表示。因此在英汉互译中，要经常变换语态，以使译文符合习惯用法，显得地道而自然。试看译例：1The coming physics examination is said to be rather difficult，so we must get well prepared for it 即将举行的物理考试据说相当困难，所以我们必须做好充分准备。2If bad weather is expected, the forecaster must be able to suggest another airport within the range of the aircraft where the weather will be suitable for landing 如果预计天气恶劣，天气预报人员必须能够在该飞机航程内提出另一个天气适合着陆的机场。3How can a series of motionless，or still，pictures be blended on a screen to produce motion pictures? 一组不动的即静止的图片是怎样在银幕上连到一起合成电影的呢？4Such liquid fuel rockets as are now being used for space research have to carry their own supply of oxygen 像现在用于宇宙研究的这类液态燃料火箭，必须自己携带氧气。5How long will it be before black and white television sets are found only in museums？ 还要过多久黑白电视机才会被送进博物馆呢?6The oil of the world will have been used up，and man will be using the more convenient power obtained from the splitting of the atom 全世界的石油将会用尽，人们将使用从原子分裂获得的这种更为方便的动力。7In order to do research in nuclear physics, the young teachers are required to complete a two-year graduate course 为了能进行核物理方面的研究，要求这些青年教师读完两年研究生课程。8A national link-up of computers could mean that a large amount of information will be supplied to anyone who uses the system 把全国的电脑连接起来意味着可以向任何使用该系统的人提供大量信息。9Since the first test of the atomic bomb the world has learnt the atom can be split and its power can be used 自从第一颗原子弹试验以来，全世界都已知道，原子可分裂，原子能可利用。10Goodyear，an American，had been trying for years to find a way in which rubber could be made hard，non-sticky，and yet elastic 有一个叫古德伊尔的美国人一直在努力寻找一种方法把橡胶做得硬而不粘，但是却有弹性。11There are some radioactive isotopes which are produced artificially by bombardment of nuclei with neutrons 有几种放射性同位素是通过中子轰击原子核而产生出来的。12The expansion of metals on heating must be taken into consideration before a long metal bridge is built 在建造一座金属大桥前，对金属受热膨胀这一现象必须加以考虑。13This nuclear power plant which is completely automated and computer- controlled serves the entire city这个全部自动化的电脑控制的核电厂供应全市的用电。14At present，a large computer is needed for the control of the robot，but the action is slow，each decision requiring a great deal of computation 当前，还需要用一台大型电脑控制机器人，但是动作很慢，要作出一个决定就得进行大量的计算。15The Wright brothers were highly praised for having made the first flight in the world 莱特兄弟因为进行了世界上第一次飞行而受到了高度赞扬。16The engineer has a knowledge of mathematical and natural science acquired by study，experience and practice which is applied with judgment to develop ways to utilize，economically，the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind 工程师通过学习、经验和实践获得数学和自然科学的知识，并有鉴别地运用这些知识研究出一些途径来经济地使用自然界的材料和自然力，为人类造福。17Much has been said about the complication of the nuclear power station reactor 有关原子能电站反应堆的复杂性已经谈得很多了。18The time will come when homes will be heated from a small reactor in the basement 有朝一日家庭将由安装在地下室里的小反应堆供热。19If you subject this precision instrument to a high temperature, it will be seriously damaged 如果你把这台精密仪器置于高温之下，仪器将会受到严重损坏。20This level is somewhere between that created by very heavy street traffic and that caused by the arrival of an underground train in a station 这个声压级大约介于交通极为繁忙的街道上的噪声和地铁到站时所引起的噪音之间。21Other equipment has been devised which analyses noise into the various frequencies of the sounds of which it is made up and records the loudness at the different frequencies 还设计了另外一些设备，能将噪音分解成构成该噪音的各种不同的音响频率，并能记录不同频率的音量。22High voltage current is usually carried by overheadwire system so as to prevent living things being electrocuted 高压电通常要架空线传输以防生物触电。23Here is a clear case of the course of human history being affected by the scientific and technological revolution 这里有一个科学和技术革命影响人类历史进程的明显例子。24If the chain reaction went on without being checked，it could cause a great explosion 如果连锁反应不受控制，一直进行下去，就会引起一场大爆炸。25With the help of a microscope you can watch the integrated circuits being separated and tested 利用一架显微镜，你可以看到集成电路正在被分离和被测试的情况。26The hull of a ship is often protected against corrosion with a coat of special paint 船舶的外壳通常涂以一层特殊的漆以抗腐蚀。27The radioactive material should be kept safely to protect the surrounding areas from being polluted by radiation 放射性材料应该安全储藏，以保护周围环境不受辐射污染。从以上27例中，可归纳出如下关于英汉互译中语态变换的一些规则：一、英语被动句译成汉语主动句，是最常见的方法这一方法又分四种情况：(一)原文主语在译文中仍作主语(见例句4，6，9，13，22，26)(二)原文主语在译文中作宾语(见例句2，7，8，12，14，17，21，23)(三)译成带表语的主动句(见例句3，11)(四)注意英语常用被动句型的汉语习惯译法It is hoped that希望It is reported that据报道It is said that据说It is supposed that据推测It must be admitted that必须承认It must be pointed out t