中考英语考点备考复习12.doc

2012届中考英语考点备考复习12【词汇检测】1到时候_2get的过去分词_3睡过头_4闹响_5奔_6跑掉_7准时_8锁_9亲戚_10坏掉_11白痴_12服装_13尴尬的_14空的_15露面_16筋疲力尽的_17出故障_18愚人节_19宣告_20火星_21有说服力的_22惊恐_23激起_24权威机构_25揭示_26骗局_27意大利式细面条_28农夫_29女朋友_30嫁_31使非常激动_32结婚_33结局_34令人为难的_35一块_36卖完_37逃走_【短语集中】1. get in the shower2. get outside3. leave the backpack at home4. get back to school5. go into the bathroom6. start teaching7. be late for school8. go off9. wake up10. wait for someone to come out11. take a quick shower12. run off to the bus stop13. get to school on time14. come by15. give somebody a ride16. lock keys in the house17. break down18. stay up late19. show up20. on april fools day21. a radio program22. land on the earth23. stop growing spaghetti24. a famous tv star25. get married26. a happy ending27. fool someone28. on the first day 29. clean up parks30. fix up bicycles【句子再现】1. but when i got to school, i realized i had left my backpack at home.2. i ran back to school without my keys or my backpack.3. a friend once invited me to a costume party.4. when i got there, i found that he had fooled me.5. i was the only person wearing a costume. i was really embarrassed.6. what happened to you on april fools day?7. by the time i got to math class, i was exhausted because i had stayed up all night studying.8. my alarm clock didnt go off, and by the time i woke up, my father had already gone into the bathroom and i had to wait for him to come out.9. i had to really rush. i took a quick shower, had some breakfast, and then ran off to the bus stop.10. i only just made it to my class.11. he described where they had landed and told how they were moving across the united states.12. wells was so convincing that hundreds of people believed the story, and panic set off across the whole country.13. by the time the authorities revealed that the story was a hoax, thousands of people had fled from their homes.14. many people ran to their local supermarket to buy as much spaghetti as they could.15. by the time people realized that the story was a hoax, all of the spaghetti across the country had been sold out.16. she was thrilled, because she really wanted to get married.17. i woke up late this morning. i had to really rush to get to school on time.【语法聚焦】(1) 构成：由助动词had + 过去分词 构成 否定式：had not + 过去分词 缩写形式：hadnt (2) 用法 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。(3) 它所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间可用by, before 等构成的短语来表示也可以用when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句来表示 还可以通过宾语从句或通过上下文暗示。when i got there, you had already eaten you meal. 当我到达那里时，你已经开始吃了。by the time he got here, the bus had left. 到他到达这里时，汽车已经离开了【疑点注释】1. when i got to school, i realized i had left my backpack at home. (p76)我到学校时才发现把书包落在家了。(1)had left my backpack at home 这是一个过去完成时的句子，表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态。by three oclock yesterday afternoon we had finished the work.到昨天下午三点，我们已经完成了工作。she had learned a lot of english before she went to school. 在上学之前，她已经学会了很多英语。(2)left是leave的过去式，在此处意为“遗忘”，“忘记”，后面常有地点状语。li min left his dictionary in the reading-room yesterday. 昨天李民把词典忘在阅览室里了。特别提示forget作“遗忘”解时，后面没有“遗忘”的地点。i have forgotten the book. 我忘记拿书了。2. my alarm clock didnt go off, and by the time i woke up, my father had already gone into the bathroom and i had to wait for him to come out. (p78)我的闹钟坏了，因此等我醒来的时候，我父亲已经进去洗澡了，我只好等他出来。(1)go off 是“（闹钟）闹响”的意思，即“发出声音”。the thieves ran away when the burglar alarm went off. 防盗警报器一响，窃贼立刻逃走了。(2)by the time i woke up 中的by the time意为“到的时候”。by the time he was ten, tom built a chemistry lab himself. 等到了十岁的时候，汤姆自己建了一个化学实验室。3. i started walking, but i knew i couldnt get to school on time. (p78)我开始步行，但我知道我已经不能按时到达学校了。(1)start to do sth和start doing sth都表示“开始做某事”，常可相互替换。at the age of 12, he started writing his own newspaper.= at the age of 12, he started to write his own newspaper.他十二岁时，开始编写自己的报纸。(2)on time在本句中意为“准时，按规定的时间不早也不迟”。li mings father seldom goes work on time. 李明的父亲很少准时上班。the party began on time that evening. 晚会在那天下午准时举行。知识拓展time表示“次/倍”时，是可数名词，其复数形式为times。how many times did you see the movie? 那部电影你看了几遍？i have four times as many books as you.我的书是你的4倍。特别提示in time意为“及时”。i will try my best to finish it in time. 我会尽力及时完成。will you be home in time to see the children before they go to bed? 你来得及在孩子们上床睡觉之前赶回家看看他们吗？短语链语all the time始终、总是, at any time在任何时候, at the same time同时, by the time在时候以前, from time to time偶尔, have a good/bad time过得快乐/不快乐, in no time立刻, in time及时, many a time屡次, at times有时, take ones time慢慢来别着急, the times泰晤士报（英国一大报）, two times three 2乘以34. luckily, my friend tony and his dad came by in his dads car and they gave me a ride. (p78)幸运的是，我的朋友托尼和他的爸爸乘他爸爸的小车过来了，带了我一程。(1)luckily是个副词，意为“幸运地，有运气地”，在句中常用作状语。luckily, he didnt hurt himself when he fell. 算他运气好，跌倒了没有受伤。luckily, she was in when i called. 真走运，我打电话时她正好在。(2)give sb a ride意为“让人搭便车”，其中ride是名词。please give me a ride to my school, im going to be late.请把我带到学校去，我要迟到了。if you go to station, i can give you a ride. 如果你去车站，我可以带你一程。5. when i got to school, the final bell was ringing. i only just made it to my class. (p78)我到学校的时候，上课铃正在响。我刚好正点赶到教室上课。(1) final bell在此处作“上课铃”解，有时也写为second bell，而“预备铃”则表示为first bell。(2) made it在这里表示“到达、赶上”的意思。you can make it if you hurry. 如果你快一点的话，就会按时赶到的。6. have you ever forgotten to bring your homework to school? (p78)你是否曾经忘记将作业带到学校了呢？(1)ever在这里是“曾经”的意思,常用于现在完成时里，询问对方是否有过某种经历。 have you ever been to london? 你曾经去过伦敦吗？知识拓展ever用于一般疑问句、否定句以及表示条件或比较的从句中，意为“在（以往）任何时候”，“从来”，“在某时”等。nowadays he hardly ever comes. 最近他几乎不来了。none of us will ever forget that exciting scene. 我们大家永远都不会忘记那个令人激动的场面。ever用于特殊疑问句中，意为“究竟、到底”。which ever do you want? 你究竟要哪一个？when ever did you lose it? 你究竟什么时候丢失这个东西的？ever用于含有最高级的从句中，可用来加强语气。li siguang is the greatest scientist that ever lived.李四光是古今最伟大的科学家。短语链语ever after“从那以后”they lived happily ever after. 从那以后他们幸福地生活着。ever since“从以来”ive known him ever since he was a boy. 我从小就认识他。ever so“非常”li xiang is ever so strong. 李翔非常强壮。for ever“永远”we love our motherland for ever. 我们永远爱我们的祖国。(2)forgotten to bring是“忘记带来”的意思，构成forget to do sth 句型，表示“忘记将要做某事”（事情还没有做）。dont forget to turn off the lights when you leave the room.离开房间时不要忘记关灯。特别提示forget doing sth 表示“忘记做过某事”（事情做过,但忘了）。i forgot returning the book to the library.我忘记曾把这本书还给图书馆了。7. in 1938, a radio program by actor orson welles announced that aliens from mars had landed on the earth. (p80)1938年，由orson welles主持的电台节目宣布来自火星的外星人在地球上登陆了。(1)announce 意思是“宣布”，常指首次公开或正式宣布人们关心的某件事情。the new government announced its policy at once.新政府立即宣布了它的政策。the headmaster announced the result of the exam. 校长宣布考试成绩。知识拓展announcer，名词，“宣布者”，“播音员”；announcement名词，“宣告”，“通告”，“预告”。(2)aliens是“外侨”的意思，在这里指的是“来自另一世界的生物”，与from mars搭配，表示“来自火星的外星人”。(3)on the earth意为“在地球上”，而in the earth却是“在地里”，“在地下”的意思。we live on the earth. 我们生活在地球上。in the winter some animals hide in the earth. 冬天有些动物藏在地下。特别提示on earth表示“究竟”，“到底”，常用在who, what, where, when, why等特殊疑问词后，以加强疑问的语气;也可以用在否定词之后，以加强否定的语气。how on earth did you know it? 你到底是怎么知道的？nothing on earth could make him change his mind.无论什么都不能使他改变注意。on earth还可意为“在世界上”，“世间”，有时用于最高级之后，以加强其含义。you are the happiest man on earth. 你是世界上最幸福的人。8. welles was so convincing that hundreds of people believed the story, and panic set off across the whole country. (p80)welles的话是如此具有说服力，以至于成百上千人相信了他的话，全国处于一片恐慌之中。(1)so.that在这里引导结果状语从句，表示“如此以至于”，that后面接从句，常见的句型有：主语+系动词（be, become等）+so+形容词+that从句。the computer is so useful that each of us wants to buy one.计算机太有用了，我们每个人都想买一台。主语+行为动词+so+副词+that从句。he ran so fast that we couldnt catch up with him. 他跑得太快，我们追不上他。so.that后面也可以跟so many/few加复数可数名词或so much/little加不可数名词。he had so many falls that he could ride a bike at last. 他摔了很多跤，终于学会了骑车。theres so much noise in the meeting room that i cant hear the speaker clearly.会议室里的噪音太大，我听不清演讲者的发言。知识拓展so.that句型转换的四种方法当从句的主语与主句中的主语一致，且that从句是否定式时，常用too.to.转换。the little girl was so tired that she couldnt walk farther.=the little girl was too tired to walk farther.这个小女孩太累了，她不能再走路了。当从句的主语与主句中的主语不一致，且that从句是否定式时，常用too.for sb to do sth转换。the work is so difficult that we cant finish it in time.=the work is too difficult for us to finish it in time.这份工作太难了，我们不能按时完成。当从句的主语与主句中的主语一致，且that从句是肯定式时，常用.enough to do sth转换。he is so strong that he can lift the heavy box.=he is strong enough to lift the heavy box.他强壮得足以举起那个重箱子。当从句的主语与主句中的主语不一致，且that从句是肯定式时，常用.enough for sb to do sth转换。he spoke so clearly that i could hear him.=he spoke clearly enough for me to hear him.他说得很清楚，我能听明白。特别提示so that连在一起使用，意为“为了，以便”，表示目的，此时主句和从句的主语不一定一致；另外，还可以引导结果状语从句，前面一般用逗号。speak louder so that we can hear you. 说大声点儿，以便我们听得见。she was ill, so that she was unable to go with you. 她病了，不能和你一起去了。(2)convincing 是由动词convince加后缀-ing构成的形容词，意为“令人信服的、有说服力的”，主语通常由表示物体的词来担任。his speech was very convincing. 他的演讲非常有说服力。convince是及物动词，表示“使信服”，“使确信”。you have convinced me that i should go.你已经说服了我，我应该去。短语链语convince sb of sth“使某人相信某事”特别提示convinced作形容词时，表示“坚定不移的、有坚定信仰的”，在句中用作定语，其主语是人。mr smith is a convinced christian. 史密斯先生是一个虔诚的基督徒。（3）短语动词set off在本句中是“引起、激起”的意思。a letter from home set off an attack of homesickness. 一封家信激起了一片思乡之情。特别提示set off在作“出发、动身”解时,与set out意思相同。it was raining when we set off/out. 我们出发时,天还下着雨。9. one april fools day, a reporter in england announced that there would be no more spaghetti because the spaghetti farmers in italy had stopped growing spaghetti. (p80)一个愚人节，有位英国记者宣称以后不会再有意大利式细面条可以吃了，因为意大利的农民已经停止种植生产细面条的植物了。(1)there would be是there be的过去将来时，也可表示为“there was going to be”或“there were going to be”，意为“过去将有”。知识拓展过去将来时由“助动词would/should+动词原形”构成，表示从过去某个时间看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态，常运用于宾语从句中。the students didnt know where they would go tomorrow.同学们不知道明天要去哪儿。nobody knew where he would go. 没人知道他要去哪里。过去将来时也常可用“助动词was/were+going to+动词原形”表示。she said that she was going to speak at the meeting.她说她要在大会上发言。li ping said that she was going to visit her aunt in the town the next sunday.李萍说她下个星期日要去拜访住在城里的婶婶。特别提示表示位置移动的动词如come, leave, fly, go, arrive等，常用过去进行时表示一个当时按计划或安排近期将要发生的动作。he didnt say when he was coming here. 他没有说什么时候要来这里。she told me that she was leaving for shanghai next week.她告诉我说她下周要动身去上海。 （2）本句中的farmer意为“农夫、农场主、经营农业者”，主要指经营农场的人，主要用于英国、澳大利亚、加拿大、新西兰、美国等，因为这些国家的农业以农场经营为主。are you a farmer? 你是个农民吗？特别提示peasant意为“农民”，常指非英语国家的雇农、佃农或自耕农。在我们国家，目前将“农民”都译为peasant。whats the old peasant saying to them? 那位老农在对他们说什么？10. by the time people realized that the story was a hoax, all of the spaghetti across the country had been bought. (p80)当人们意识到这是一个骗局的时候，全国的意大利面条都已被买完了。have been bought是现在完成时的被动语态，其构成为：hashave been+过去分词。man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.人造卫星已被许多国家发射到太空。特别提示现在完成时被动语态结构中有两个过去分词，其中hashave为助动词，因此其各种句型转换均应借助于hashave来完成。构成否定句时直接在 hashave后面加not，构成一般疑问句时将hashave提前。has this bridge been finished? 这座桥竣工了吗？ his homework hasnt been finished. 他的家庭作业还没有写完。 11. a famous tv star once invited his girlfriend onto his show on april fools day. (p80)从前，有位著名的电视明星在愚人节那天邀请他的女友参加他的演出。本句中的show用作名词，表示“演出”，“展览”。the show begins at eight oclock. 演出8点钟开始。there is going to be an art show next week. 下周有一个美术展览。知识拓展show作动词时，表示“给看”，“出示”。he showed his ticket at the door.他在门口出示了门票。短语链语on show表示“展览、陈列”，相当于on display。12. she was thrilled, because she really wanted to get married. (p80)她很激动，因为她真的想结婚。(1)thrilled是形容词，意为“非常激动的、非常兴奋的”，常用来说明一个人的心情。he was thrilled when he heard the news. 他听到这个消息时很激动。she was thrilled and shy when she heard “i love you” from her boy friend. 当她听到她男朋友说“我爱你”的时候，她很激动也很害羞。(2)get married是固定短语，意为“结婚”，表示动作；而be married表示状态，意为“结婚了”，这两个短语都可以和介词to连用。shes married to my brother. 她嫁给了我哥哥。theyre saving up to get married. 他们储蓄准备结婚。魔力纠错他和我的一个朋友结了婚。误：he was married with a friend of mine. 正：he was married to a friend of mine.魔力解析当表示“与结婚”时，marry用作及物动词，其后接介词to，而不能用with。特别提示marry是短暂性动词，当表示“结婚多长时间”时，要用be married。lucy married robert two years ago. = lucy has been married to robert for two years. =it is two years since lucy married robert.=two years have passed since lucy married robert. 露茜和罗伯特结婚两年了。知识拓展问某人“婚否”时应说are you married?或is he married？等；如果“未婚”，可以说im single.。问某人“何时结的婚”应说when were you married?或when did you get married?。【考点归纳】1. 过去完成时 (1) 构成：由助动词had + 过去分词 构成 否定式：had not + 过去分词 缩写形式：hadnt (2) 用法 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。 (3) 它所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间可用by, before 等构成的短语来表示也可以用when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句来表示 还可以通过宾语从句或通过上下文暗示。when i got there, you had already eaten you meal. 当我到达那里时，你已经开始吃了。by the time he got here, the bus had left. 到他到达这里时，汽车已经离开了2. by the time 直到时候 指从过去某一点到从句所示的时间为止的一段时间 如：by the time we got to his house, he had finished supper. 在我们到达他就已经吃完了晚饭。3. 英语中表示“把某物遗忘在某处”常用 leave + 地点 而不是forget+地点 如：unluckily, i left my book at home. 不幸的是，我把书忘在家里了。4. close v. 关 adv. 接近地 靠近地 closed adj. 关的5. come out 出来 6. on time 按时 准时 既不早也不迟 in time 及时 指在时限到来之前7. luckily adv. 幸运地 lucky adj. 幸运的 luck n. 好运8. give sb. a ride 让某搭便车 如： he often gives me a ride to school. 他经常让我搭便车去学校。9.only just 刚刚好、恰好 10. go off (闹钟)闹响 the alarm went off just now. 刚才警钟响了。11. break down 坏掉 12. fool n. 傻子 呆子 v. 愚弄 欺骗 如： he is a fool. 他是一个呆子。 we cant fool our teach. 我们不能欺骗我们的教师。(动词)13. show up 出现 出席 she didnt show up last night. 昨晚她没有出现14. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某做事 如： my friend invited me to watch tv. 我的朋友邀请我看电视。15. set off 激起 出发 set up 建立16. so that 如此以致于引导结果状语从句，so后面接形容词、副词.so that作“为了”时，引导目的状语从句，从句