Unit 2 Participles Voice.docx

Unit 2.Participles/voice分词/语态Aparticiples1. Present Participles1) 构成进行时 The world is trying to stop global warming. Violence on television is increasing juvenile dvnldelinquency.分词就是具有动词及形容词二者特征的词注意：动名词和现在分词虽然形式一样,但从本身词性来说,动名词顾名思义,属名词词性,所以在句中要充当名词能作的成分,常作主语/宾语/定语/表语.现在分词(表主动/进行),属形容词词性,充当形容词能作的成分,常作表语/定语/状语/补语.所以可以从-ing形式作的成分来确定它是动名词还是现在分词.如果-ing形式是作主语/宾语的,那肯定就是动名词了.如果是作状语/补语,那肯定是现在分词.至于动名词和现在分词都可以作的成分定语/表语,需要具体去区别.作定语时的区别:现在分词表示主动/进行,作定语时表示与被修饰词是主动关系.动名词作定语时表示被修饰词的用途.2) 做形容词时表主动含义 We should protect every living creature. Not all television programs are interesting.2. Past Participles1) 构成完成时 We have experienced a great deal of stress in our daily lives. Before the airplane was invented, people had thought that only birds could fly.2) 作形容词时表被动含义 Highly educated people may get better jobs than others. Some parents are never satisfied with their childrens grades.(被满足)总结：现在分词表示“主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被动和完成”3. Participle Clauses1) 种类分词短语作状语表示时间、原因、条件、让步和伴随状态。 Travelling in other countries, you should follow their customs.( = When you travel) Being easily affected by the media, children should not watch television without their parents.(= Because they are) Studying with a group , you will get distracted easily.(= If you study) Hating electronic waves, I spend a lot of time in front of my computer.(= Though I hate) Wearing her glasses, my grandmother was reading a book.(= With her glasses on)2) 要注意的用法 Getting hotter, people plan outdoor activities.()（人不能变热）With the weather getting hotter, people plan outdoor activities.(= As the weather gets) Exploring outer space , we should solve the environmental problems on Earth.( )（直接翻译就是我们探索外太空，我们要解决环境问题，明显意思不对，时间上应该有先后，所以前面要加before）Before exploring outer space, we should solve the environmental problems on Earth.(= Before we explore)3) 作为惯用语使用的分词短语 Generally speaking, people with good eating habits do not frequently get sick. Judging from my experience , some movies are not worth watching. Compared with nonfiction, fiction is more fun to read.B. Voice（语态）1. The Active and Passive VoiceA lot of people saw the movie. (主动) 施动者 行为 对象The movie was seen by a lot of people. (被动) 对象 行为 施动者 Deforestation accelerates global warming.Global warming is accelerated by deforestation. Teacher should teach their students to follow the school rules.Students should be taught to follow the school rules by their reachers. Students should submit their homework on time.Homework should be submitted on time(by students).2. When to Use the Passive Voice1) 与施动者相比行为或者对象更重要的时候 Our environment should be protected (by us). Children should be taught (by their parents) to take responsibility for their actions.2) 施动者不确定或者有意隐瞒的时候 Nobody is allowed (by hospital authorities) to use a mobile phone in the hospital. Many soldiers were killed in the war (by other soldiers).3) 进行客观叙述的时候 It was found in some research that children tend to imitate the parent who is the same sex. The sample was collected from the water, and the number of germs was counted.Check-Up A Fill in each blank with the correct form of the given verb.1. I found documentaries .(bore)我发现纪录片很枯燥。2. There is a heavy rain in the countryside. (fall)乡村正下着大雨。3. Some students to participate in extracurricular activities.(require)一些学生被要求参加课外活动。4. People others secrets are trustworthy. (keep)保守他人秘密的人是可以信赖的。5. South Korea rapidly since the Korean War .(develop)朝鲜战争后，韩国迅速发展。6. Parents are now that there is too much violence on television.(complain)家长们现在都在抱怨电视节目中暴力太多。7. We should have the food shortage.(prevent)我们本应避免失误短缺。8. Adolescents on television are often rebellious.(show)电视节目中的青少年通常很叛逆。9. The greenhouse effect will many countries in danger.(put)温室效应将会使许多国家面临危险。10. Plastic bottles should .(recycle)塑料瓶应该回收利用。11. Every person a knack for something.(have)每个人都有一技之长。12. Ten years ago, public transportation more frequently than nowadays.(use)十年前， 公共交通工具比现在使用得更频繁。B Correct the errors in the following sentences. Some sentences have no errors.1. Usually, people live in rural areas are friendly.通常，生活在乡村的人都很友好。2. The polluting air may cause lung cancer.空气污染可能导致肺癌。3. Nuclear weapons should not (be) used in any circumstances.在任何情况下都不应该使用核武器。4. In my opinion, a lecture class is more tired than a discussion class.在我看来，讲座课比讨论课更令人厌倦。5. Children raising in large families usually get along well with others.在大家庭里长大的孩子通常能与他人和睦相处。6. Many scholars have acknowledged the negative impact of the media.许多学者已经承认媒体的消极影响。7. Generally speaking , a lot of people using computers to get updated information.通常来说，许多人使用计算机获取最新信息。8. Young children should not (be)permitted to travel by themselves.不应该让小孩儿独自旅行。9. The president of our country elects every five years.在我国，每五年进行一次总统选举。10. Addicting to the internet, some children feel awkward when talking to others face to face.因为沉迷于网络，一些孩子在于别人面对面交谈时觉得不自在。11. It is important that foreign language classes be staffed with good teachers.外语课配备好老师很重要。12. Natural sciences give us insight into the future as well as teaching us about the origin of the world.自然科学除了教会我们世界的起源，还让我们对未来有所了解。Writing practice A Translate the following into English by putting the given words and phrases in the right order.1. 人们可以通过工作找寻生活中的目标。(in life/ people/ their goals/ by doing/ may find/ their jobs) 2. 许多哲学问题遗留下来无法回答。(are left/ many /unanswered/ philosophical questions) 3. 通过自学，你可以练习推理。(you /by learning/can practice/ by yourself / reasoning) 4. 与高中毕业生相比，高等院校毕业生或许有更多的工作机会。(may have /compared with /college graduates/high school graduates/ more job opportunities) 5. 去露营之前，你应该先了解一下天气。(check/ before /the weather / you should / going camping /first) 6. 我们应该做好准备以应付任何可能发生的自然灾害。(any possible / be prepared for / natural disasters / we should) 7. 现在，人们对名人的私生活特别感兴趣。(too / people are /nowadays /celebrities private lives/interested in) 8. 未解决的环境问题可能会威胁我们的未来。(may threaten /unsolved /our future/environmental problems) 9. 有些人说，教师应该由学生来评价。(say / be evaluated /teacher should / by their students/ some people) 10. 我们不仅受老人影响，也受年轻人影响。(younger people /are influenced by/ older people /we/ as well as) B Using the given words or phrases, translate the following into English.1. 在电影院看电影时不应大声喧哗。 People Shouldnt talk loudly in the cinema. 2. 人们都知道很多导致肥胖的原因。obesity 3. 一门语言一旦被掌握，就不可能被轻易遗忘。Once a language is mastered, it is not easily to be forgotten. 4. 发展中国家需要其他国家的帮助。 5. 有些人被剥夺了接受正规教育的机会。 6. 如果每天坚持锻炼，你就能保持身体健康。 7. 使用公共交通工具可以减少空气污染。 8. 依我看，任何暴力行为都是不正当的。 9. 只要我们试着接受差异，文化差异就能够被克服。 10. 根据人类历史判断，创造一个没有战争的世界很难。 11. 高校毕业生通常被认为缺乏实践知识。 12. 尽管工业发展改善了生活质量，但它也引起了许多社会问题。 Writing ChallengeA Translate the following into English .1. 没有任何事情是仅仅靠运气就能实现的。 2. 孩子很容易被新事物吸引。 3. 一次食言就有可能伤害友谊。 4. 经历磨难之后，你会到达一个转折点。 5. 发明电之前，我们过着节奏缓慢的生活。 6. 如果有更多人关心社会福利，世界将成为更好的生活空间。 7. 有时，孩子们对电视上的所有信息是否都属实感到困惑。 8. 我们必须拯救地球，使其免遭进一步的破坏。 9. 同别人说话时，你应该和他进行目光接触。 10. 如果允许我选择居住地，我会选择纽约。 11. 自我激励的人更喜欢独自工作。 12. 人们公认孩子会模仿他们的父母，所以父母应该试着树立好榜样。 B Complete the following paragraphs in English.1. 与大城市的生活相比，小城镇的生活听起来对我更有吸引力。在小城镇生活，我可以认识所有的邻居。这种社会交往有助于避免可能的犯罪。 Living in a small town, I may get to know all of my neighbors. This social interaction will help protect me from possible crimes.2. 我认为一个人的个性是在孩提时代由其父母决定的。例如：被宠坏的孩子长大后很可能变得以自我为中心。反之，被忽视的孩子很可能成为缺乏自信的人。I believe that a persons personality is determined by his parents during his childhood. On the contrary, neglected children tend to develop low self-esteem.3. 以我的经验判断，法国