考研英语小作文指导：破解应用文写作(一).doc

考研英语小作文指导：破解应用文写作（一）私人和公务信函信函（Letter）是用以交涉事务、增进了解、联络友谊、交流思想的重要工具。英语信函主要包括私人信函（Personal Letters）和公务信函（Business Letters）两大类。公务信函，一般用来处理或讨论重要事务，包括邀请信（Invitation Letter）、感谢信（Thankyou Letter）、道歉信（Letter of Apologies）、祝贺信（Letter of Congratulations）等。按照一般的格式英语信函主要由六个部分组成：信头、信内地址、称呼、正文、结句、签名；有的信函还包括附言和附件部分（常用P.S.表示）。信头（Heading）信头由发信人地址和发信日期两部分组成，通常写在第一页的右上角。行首可以缩进去写，也可以齐头写；行尾可用也可不用标点符号。值得注意的是，英语书信中的地址与中文正好相反，应该由小到大，先写门牌号码、街名，再写城市名、州（省）名、邮编、最后再写国名。如：No. 256, Chaoyang StreetBeijing, 100069, China日期的写法英、美两种格式都可以，英国顺序为“日、月、年”，美国顺序则为“月、日、年”，如：27 Sep., 2006（英）Sep. 27, 2006（美）信内地址（Inside Address）包括收信人的姓名和地址，一般置于信纸的左上角。在私人信函中，这一部分经常省略。其格式和发信人的姓名、地址一样。称呼（Salutation）称呼位于收信人地址之下的一至二行，顶格写起，自成一行。在私人信函中后面用逗号，在公务信函中则用冒号。正文（The Body of the Letter）信件的主要内容。结句（Complimentary Closure）类似于中文中的“此致”“敬礼”这类的话，主要是一些套语。一般是正文结束隔两行另起，独立成行，位于信纸的右角，也可以略居中右方。签名写信人的名字一般签在结尾语下面一至二行处。在私人信函中只需亲笔签名就可以了，而在公务信函中，发信人的亲笔签名应该写在结尾套语和打印的姓名之间。以上几点是英语信函的共同特征。为了考生更好地掌握英语信函的写法，下面几部分将详细讲解私人信函和公务信函的具体写法，并为考生提供了经典句型和范文。一、私人信函1.写作攻略私人信函是一个宽泛的概念，它既可以指公务信函以外的一切信函，也可以指与家人或朋友之间互通信息、感情这一特定类型的信件。这里我们指后者。私人信函与其他形式的信函最根本的区别在于，私人信函纯粹是出于自愿，就像是同远方的亲友聊家常一样。其内容可以是简短的几句问候、通报近期的情况、抒发对亲友的想念等等。私人信函的格式和其他信函基本一致，不过与其他信函相比，稍微随便一些。地址一般写在信纸的右上角，可用斜列式也可用齐头式，如果是收信人熟悉的地址也可以省略不写，但日期是不能省略的。称呼一般视与收信人的关系而定，一般来说应用比较亲近的称呼。正文部分尽量有感而发，写作时要十分注重感情的真挚。如果对方在上次的信中提出过什么问题，应该先回答，同时也可以问对方一些问题，以表示对他/她的关切。私人信函的基本写作结构为“问候及表达写信人的思念之情询问收信人的近况向收信人讲述自己的情况以提议、建议或请求结尾”。在写给私人信函中可以常用的结尾套语如 “Yours,” “ With love,” “ With best wishes” “Your affectionately,” “Yours sincerely,”等等。当然在实际写作中，要仔细审题，弄清楚题目给定的情景，根据要求进行写作。2.必背模版句式How time flies! And its five months since you left. Do you know how we have been missing you lately?光阴似箭！一晃我们分别已经5个月了。你知道我们最近有多想念你吗？Thanks for your letter on June 1st. Im now answering your letter and telling you my opinion.感谢你6月1日的来信。我现在给你回信，说说我的看法。You have no idea how excited I was when I received your letter! I was nearly crazy!你一定想不到收到你的来信我是多么地激动！我几乎都快疯了！It is hard to believe two years have passed since I left Beijing for Japan. How are you going on these days?真没想到转眼间我离开北京来日本已有两年了。你最近怎么样？I am delighted to hear you will be coming to Beijing and will be able to visit my family. 听说你要来北京，还要来我家玩我非常高兴。I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.我期待着能够很快收到你的回信。Be sure to write soon. I am eager to hear from you.记得要早点回信，我很想早点收到你的来信。3、必背经典范文范文1Aug. 12, 2006Dear Mum and Dad,I am sorry for not having written to you for such a long time. I am afraid you must think I have forgotten you and the whole family. Actually I really miss you, but I have been busy preparing my exam these days. And now I have passed the exam and feel very relaxed as if a heavy burden has been removed. I cant help waiting to write to you and so here I am.What about Dads health? Is he still coughing at night? I have been worrying about it. The last day I saw an advertisement on a newspaper introducing a new kind of syrup which is said to have magic effect on coughing. I have bought one bottle and sent it back home by post. Have you received it? What about the effect?Please write to me soon, I am eager to hear from you.Your daughter,Li Hua译文亲爱的爸爸妈妈：我为这么长时间没有给你们写信而感到抱歉，恐怕你们都认为我把你们和家人都忘了吧。其实我真的非常想念你们，但这些日子我在忙着准备考试。现在考试通过了，我感觉如释重负，迫不及待地要提笔给你们写信。爸爸的身体怎么样？晚上还咳嗽吗？我一直非常担心。前几天我在报纸上看到一则广告，其中介绍了的那种咳嗽药，据说有奇效。我已经买了一瓶寄回去了。你们收到了吗？效果怎么样？尽快给我回信好吗？我早就想收到你们的信了。女儿：李华2006年8月12日范文2June. 3, 2006Dear Mr. Liang，It is almost half a year since you saw me off. I can still vividly recall the impressive scenes you gave. And I could never forget what affectionate care you showed me by helping me carry my suitcase. You cant imagine how I have been missing you these days.From a recent letter from Mr. Chin I am glad to learn that you have returned to the University. I hope you have been getting along well with your life and studies. I am sending you under separate cover a copy of the latest issue of Times. I hope you will find it interesting and useful for your English.I would greatly appreciate hearing from you soon.Yours sincerely,Wang Ning译文亲爱的梁先生：自从分别以来，已有半年时间。你对我的种种情谊，我至今记忆犹新。我永远都不能忘记你给我的友好照顾，如帮我拎皮箱。你肯定想不到这段日子以来我是多么地想念你。近日从陈先生的来信得知你又回到大学上学了，我非常高兴。希望你生活和学习都很满意。现另包寄上最近出版的时代杂志。相信你看后一定会觉得有意思，并对你的英语学习有帮助的。期盼尽快收到你的回信。王宁2006年6月3日二、公务信函公务信函是现实生活中应用最广的一类，主要包括邀请信、感谢信、道歉信、祝贺信、介绍信、申请信、建议信、投诉信、咨询信等共九大类，下面将分别进行介绍。（一）邀请信1写作攻略邀请信是写信人对收信人的一种盛情邀约，一般分为正式的和非正式的两种。格式与其他信函相同。具体写作步骤：首段：说明与收信人的相关性与写作意图。主体段落：具体交代情景：包括受邀请的人、邀请朋友要干什么、地点以及具体的时间等内容。并且强调为什么邀请收信人而不是别的朋友。结尾段：表示期待朋友的回复。就本质而言正式与非正式的邀请信并没有什么区别，只是正式的邀请信比较注意文采，而且往往需要表现出更大的热诚。邀请信一般都要求考生邀约朋友参加特殊聚会，共度假期，或者访问自己的家乡等, 考生可以采用半正式文体。2必背模版句式I am writing to invite you to.我写信是想邀请你I think it would be a great idea if you could participate in.我想如果你能参加将是一个非常好的主意。I wonder if you can come.我在想你是否能来参加How would you like to join us in.?你想不想来参加我们的？Would you please drop me a line to let me know if you can come to.?你可以打电话来告诉我你能否来？My family and I would feel much honored if you could come.如果你能来我们全家都将感到不胜荣幸。I really hope you can make it.我真的希望你能来。We would be looking forward to your coming with great pleasure.我们高兴地期待着你的到来。I would like to meet you there and please let me know your decision soon.我希望能在那见到你，请早点让我知道你的决定。3必背经典范文Dear Jane，I am going to have a dinner party at my house on July 14, 2006 (Friday) to celebrate my mothers 60yearold birthday. It is an important occasion for our family, and as you are a close friend of us, my parents and I do hope you can come and share our joy.The party will start at seven oclock in the evening. There will be a small musical soiree, at which a band will perform some popular and classical songs at first. At around eight oclock, we will start our dinner, during which we can talk and laugh together. And then all the friends will take some photos together.I know you have been busy these days, but I do hope you can make it, my family and I look forward to the pleasure of your company.Yours affectionately,Gao Hui译文亲爱的简：我打算于2006年7月14日（星期五）在我家举行一个晚宴，庆祝我母亲60大寿。这对我们全家来说是一件大事，作为我们全家的好朋友，我们真诚地希望你能来参加，分享我们的快乐。晚宴将于7点开始。首先会有一个小型的演奏会，届时我们将欣赏到乐队演奏的流行和古典歌曲。8点左右我们开始用餐，朋友们可以随便聊天欢笑。最后所有的朋友们一起照相作为纪念。我知道你最近很忙，但我真的希望你能来，我们全家都在期待着你的光临。你的老朋友：高慧(二) 感谢信1写作攻略感谢信是对收信人的某一行为表示感谢。感谢信的使用频率非常高，在收到别人的邀请时，受到别人的表扬时，反正只要对方帮助过你，不管大小都应该表示感谢。感谢信带有浓厚的感情浓厚，所表达的感情必须真挚。具体写作步骤：首段：表明写作意图，让对方感受到你的谢意是发自内心的。主体段落：写明感谢的原因，要展开说明，可以说具体的理由也可以说接受帮助的具体事例。比如说你在一家旅馆住了一段时间，在那里度过了一段美好的时光，你就可以写信表示感谢。你可以从旅馆的服务、客房环境、饮食卫生等方面来说明感谢的理由。这样展开就使文章显得充实丰满，也符合正常交际的习惯。结尾段：再次表示感谢。2必背模版句型I am writing to express my thanks for.我写这封信是为了表达我对的谢意。I would like to convey in this letter my heartfelt thanks to you for.在信中我要为表达我真挚的谢意。Thank you so much for the gift you sent me. Its one of the most wonderful gifts I ever got.非常感谢你给我寄来的礼物，这是我收到的最好礼物之一。Many thanks for all the good things you have done in helping us to.非常感谢您为帮助我们所做的一切。I would like to take this opportunity to express my great appreciation for your timely help and assistance.我谨借此机会感谢您给予我们的及时帮助和支持。On behalf of my whole family, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude for.我谨代表我全家对表示真诚的感激之情。Nothing will be able to erase our wonderful memories, we will nurture them forever.没什么能抹掉我们美好的记忆，我们会永远铭刻在心。Thanks again for your kind help.对你的帮助再次表示感谢。My true gratitude is beyond any words description.任何语言都不能表达我的真挚谢意。Please accept my thanks, now and always.请永远记住我的谢意。Your help is very much appreciated by each one of us.我们每个人都非常感谢你。3必背经典范文Dear staff，I am writing to show my sincere gratitude for all of you. Now that I am home and on my own again I feel extremely happy. During the time I lived at the Rehabilitation center and was under your tender care, I promised myself I would write a letter of thanks as soon as I was able.Abundant thanks to each one of you for your patience, expertise and genuine concern. It was you who helped me believe in myself and gave me assurance that I could walk again. I would never forget each word you said to me and the things you have done to me. Forgive me for the times I lashed out at you in frustration and thank you for understanding and remaining firm with me.Never stop your beautiful way of working with people. Your help really means a lot to me and anyone who in trouble as well.Affectionately,Wang Fang译文亲爱的全体工作人员：我写这封信是为了表达我对你们的真诚感谢。现在我又可以一个人在家了，我真的非常高兴。我在康复中心接受你们的关照时，就已经决心只要一有时间就给你们写感谢信了。对于你们每个人的耐心、专业精神和关心我表示深深地感谢。是你们使我相信自己能够站着走路。你们说的每一句话、做过的每一件事我都不会忘记。请原谅我在受挫时对你们大发脾气，谢谢你们的理解和对我的严格要求。继续你们美丽的事业吧。你们的帮助对于我和其他需要帮助的人来说有着非常重要的意义。你们的朋友：王芳（三）道歉信1写作攻略道歉信主要是向收信人表明歉意，请求对方谅解自己的过失。写道歉信时要明确不是找借口为自己辩护，而是承认自己的过错并提出弥补过错的具体建议和方法。此类信件的关键是用词准确，表达真诚。具体写作步骤：首段：重述自己做错的事，表示歉意。主体段落：说明道歉的具体原因，应尽量详细描述做错事的经过。写信时应该注意在申述理由时要照顾读信人的感受，切忌强词夺理。结尾段：再次表明承认错误的态度，请求收信人的谅解。也可以提出补救的办法。2必背模版句型I would like to give you my apology for.对于我向你道歉。Please accept my sincere apology for.请接受我关于的真诚道歉。I am indeed very sorry for what I said/did, but believe I had no intention to insult you.对于我说的话/做过的事，我确实感到很抱歉。但请相信，我并非要故意侮辱你。Lets not put a little misunderstanding between us.可别让我们之间存在哪怕一点点的误解。Please forgive me for a stupid choice of words.请原谅我的用词不当。I feel badly sorry about it and want you to know what happened.我为此感到非常内疚，所以想让你知道实情。Please accept my apologies for my oversight.请原谅我的疏忽。Please allow me to say sorry again.请允许我再次表示歉意。I sincerely hope you c