江苏省常州市高考英语阅读理解联合训练（12）(1).doc

江苏省常州市2014高考英语阅读理解联合训练（12）及答案阅读理解we now think of chocolate as sweet, but once it was bitter. we think of it as a candy, but once it was a medicine. today, chocolate can be a hot drink, a frozen dessert, or just a snack. sometimes it is an ingredient in the main course of a meal. mexicans make a hot chocolate sauce called mole and pour it over chicken. the mexicans also eat chocolate with spices like chili peppers.chocolate is a product of the tropical cacao tree. the beans taste so bitter that even the monkeys say “ugh!” and run away. workers must first dry and then roast the beans. this removes the bitter taste.the word “chocolate” comes from a mayan word. the mayas were an ancient people who once lived in mexico. they valued the cacao tree. some used the beans for money, while others crushed them to make a drink.when the spaniards came to mexico in the sixteenth century, they started drinking cacao too. because the drink was strong and bitter, they thought it was a medicine. no one had the idea of adding sugar. the spaniards took some beans back to europe and opened cafes. wealthy people drank cacao and said it was good for the digestion. in the 1800s, the owner of a chocolate factory in england discovered that sugar removed the bitter taste of cacao. it quickly became a cheap and popular drink. soon afterwards, a factory made the first solid block of sweetened chocolate. later on, another factory mixed milk and chocolate together. people liked the taste of milk chocolate even better. besides the chocolate candy bar, one of the most popular american snacks is the chocolate chip cookie. favorite desserts are chocolate cream pie and of course an ice cream sundae with hot fudge sauce. 1. it was _that discovered sugar could remove the bitter taste of cacao. a. the workers in the chocolate factory b. the spaniards c. the people in england d. the owner of a chocolate factory. 2. according to the passage which of the following statements is true?a. nobody had the idea of adding sugar until the sixteenth century. b. the word “chocolate” comes from a mexican word. c. the beans taste so bitter that even the monkeys like them. d. workers must dry and roast the beans to remove the bitter taste. 3. it can be inferred from the passage that_. a. chocolate can be a hot drink, a frozen dessert, or a candy bar b. mexicans like chocolate very muchc. chocolate is a product of the cacao treed. people liked the taste of chocolate mixed with milk4. which is the right time order of the events regarding chocolate? a. chocolate became a cheap and popular drink in england. b. a factory made the first solid block of sweetened chocolate. c. the spaniards started drinking cacao. d. it was found that sugar removed the bitter taste of cacao. e. a factory mixed milk and chocolate together. a. a-b-c-d-e b. c-d-e-b-a c. c-d-a-b-e d. c-d-b-e-a【参考答案】14、ddbc第一节 阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a，b，c和d中，选出最佳选项。alondon (reuters) children are dying for lack of drugs tailored to their needs, according to the world health organization (who), which launched a global campaign on thursday to promote more research into child medicine.more than half of the drugs currently used to treat children in the industrialized world have not been specifically tested on youngsters. the problem is even worse in developing countries where price remains a major barrier and 6 million children die each year from treatable conditions.in the case of hiv/aids, the few existing pediatric therapies（儿科的疗法）developed for children generally cost three times more than adult ones. as a result, clinicians lack clear guidelines on the best drug to use and often have to guess at the correct dose. fortunately, the who has drawn up the first international list of essential medicines for children, containing 206 products considered safe for children.“but a lot remains to be done. there are priority medicines that have not been adapted for childrens use or are not available when needed,” said dr hans, the u.n. agencys director of medicines policy and standards. medicines that need to be adapted to childrens needs include many antibiotics, pain drugs as well as combination pills for hiv/aids, tuberculosis and malaria. the agency is building an internet entrance linking to clinical trials carried out in children and will launch a web site with the information early next year.testing medicines on children has always been a controversial issue, since good ethical（伦理的）practice requires informed agreement from people participating in clinical trials, which is difficult to obtain in the case of children. as a result, research-based drug companies have been wary of developing child-friendly medicines and general companies have been slow to produce them at lower cost.in an attempt to deal with the issue, both europe and the united states now have special rules offering extended patent protection for drugs that have been tested on children. 【文章大意】本文叙述了儿童急需适合他们需要的药物。现在儿童服用的药物中有一半以上没有对儿童进行检测。幸运的是世界卫生组织公布了206种药物儿童可以安全服用的药物。儿童药物的检测一直有争议。因此儿童药物的生产进行较缓慢。36. which of the following is the best title of the passage? a. a global campaign to promote research into aids medicine b. who says children are dying for lack of child-sized drugs c. many people are concerned about childrens drugs d. measures taken to develop child-friendly medicine quickly【答案】b【 解析】标题归纳题。根据children are dying for lack of drugs tailored to their needs, according to the world health organization (who),可知这篇报道是世界卫生组织宣布的儿童急需适合他们需要的药物。故选b。37. which of the following medicine is not needed to be adapted to childrens need according to the passage? a. pain killers.b. tuberculosis.c. aid pills. d. flu pills.【答案】d【 解析】细节理解题。根据medicines that need to be adapted to childrens needs include many antibiotics, pain drugs as well as combination pills for hiv/aids, tuberculosis and malaria.可知pain killers，tuberculosis，aid pills.需要适应儿童的需要。故选d。38. why has testing medicines on children always been a controversial issue? a. it is against good ethical practice b. children shouldnt take part in clinical trials. c. it is hard to get informed agreement from children tested. d. parents dont allow their children to be tested on medicine.【答案】c【 解析】推理判断题。根据since good ethical（伦理的）practice requires informed agreement from people participating in clinical trials, which is difficult to obtain in the case of children.可知很难在儿童病例中获得良好的伦理实践要求的共识。故选c。39. the underlined word “wary” in the last but one paragraph means _. a. fast b. fond c. cautious d. uninterested【答案】c【 解析】推理判断题。根据general companies have been slow to produce them at lower cost.可知儿童的药品生产公司缓慢的低成本的生产药物，因此课推断儿童药品生产需要小心翼翼的。故选c。40. what can be inferred from the passage? a. there is still a long way to go on childrens medicine. b. an internet entrance is being built to link to clinical trials carried out in children. c. both europe and the united states now have special rules offering extended patent protection for childrens drugs. d. less than half of the drugs currently used to treat children in the industrialized world have not been specifically tested on youngsters【答案】a【 解析】推理判断题。根据which is difficult to obtain in the case of children.可知儿童药物的检验较难，因此儿童药物的制造较困难。故选a。阅读理解mumbai, india the children in their party clothes on the stage were very excited when they received the award. and the two of them said, its unbelievable!nine-year-old rubina ali, and azharuddin ismail, 10, were living a very different life and apparently loving every minute of it. the two, some of the child stars of the oscar-winning slumdog millionaire (贫民窟的百万富翁)movie, know the indian slums very well. that was where they grew up, and it is where they will return at the end of their hollywood dream trip.but before going back home, there was an interview with the host, ryan seacrest. during the interview they smiled and repeated their disbelief at what was happening to them. to their surprise, their movie won the first place in the oscars. when the two received the award, it was late morning in the childrens home city of mumbai, where their family, friends and many fellow residents of the slums watched the results from hollywood. i dont really know what the oscars are, rubinas mother said. im just glad my daughter looks happy, though she told me she missed indian food.our children lead a dogs life, rubinas mother said, pointing at the rubbish everywhere, the open drains (下水道) and the lack of education opportunities.in a few days they will be back in mumbai and back in the slums. fortunately, according to media reports, the movies director, danny boyle, has promised to help the children he chose from the slums go to a proper school. the two dont need to worry about their daily lives because of the oscar success of slumdog millionaire. but the poverty and lack of education opportunities the central theme of the movie is always all around.1. which of the following is true about the two children? a. they played a major role in getting india children to receive education. b. they were both excited about receiving the award. c. they were interviewed after they went back home.d. they were the only two child winners of the movie.2. when the children attended the oscar ceremony in hollywood, their family and friends were _. a. watching tv in mumbai b. doing what they did as usualc. seeing the movie slumdog millionaire d. having a family party3. what will happen to the two children after they return to india?a. they will stay at home as before. b. they will still worry about their daily lives.c. they will leave school to learn acting. d. they will have a better education.4、 the movie is successful mainly because_.a. it attracts the public attention to an existing social problem b. it has made the two children famousc. the two children will go to a better schoold. the two children stars in the movie are from india slums4（参考答案 bada）阅读理解-athose who have suffered from insomnia know the sinking feeling of watching the clock tick. now a new study in the archives of internal medicine suggests that lying in bed awake may actually contribute to the problem of sleeplessness. the study of 79 adults (average age 72) with insomnia aimed to determine whether brief behavioral interventions for insomnia would help. traditional behavioral therapy（疗法）requires at least half a dozen hour-long sessions with a therapist a costly commitment many patients either cant make or dont have access to. other options include sleep-aiding medications or supplements. in the current study, the 39 participants in the behavioral therapy group received a 45- to 60-minute instructing session, plus a 30-minute follow-up session and two 20-minute phone calls. doctors offered the following behavioral interventions for improving sleep: reduce time in bed; get up at the same time every day, regardless of sleep duration; dont go to bed unless sleepy; and dont stay in bed unless asleep. the other 40 participants in the study were given printed educational materials about insomnia, which included the same instructions given to the intervention group, but without the individualized sessions with a therapist. two weeks later, the latter group also got a 10-minute follow-up phone call. at the end of four weeks, the behavioral treatment group was significantly more likely to show improvements in sleep than the printed-materials group. by that time, 55% of those who received behavioral treatment no longer met the criteria for insomnia, compared with 13% of the group that got educational brochures. the good news comes at the same time as a