电大学位英语完形填空(字母顺序).docx

An adult giraffes head is about six feet above its heart. This means that to _1_ enough blood up to the brain the circulatory _2_ must be strong enough to keep the blood at very high pressure.Biologists have known for some time that giraffes solve this problem by having _3_ high blood pressure , about _4_ that of human beings. But an international team of biologists began to _5_ about this.If giraffes have such high blood pressure , they should have a _6_ problem with swelling in their legs and feet. Why dont giraffes have swollen feet?Giraffes should have _7_ problem , too. Every time they bend heads _8_ to drink , the blood should _9_ to their heads and have a hard time _10_ backup to the heart . How come giraffes dont black out when they drink?The answer to the _11_ feet problem , the researchers found , is that giraffes have _12_ the researchers call a “natural anti-gravity suit”. It _13_ out that the skin and other _14_ in their legs and feet are _15_ stiffer and tougher than those of other _16_ . As a result , the blood vessels in the leg cannot swell.Therefore , the blood has nowhere to go but back to the heart. What about blood rushing to the head _17_ the giraffe bends down to drink? The researchers found that the giraffes jugular vein, which _18_ blood from the head back to the heart , has lots of one-way valves in it . In the giraffes neck , there are lots of muscles that flex and relax repeatedly as the animal moves its head and sucks _19_ drinking water. By squeezing the valve jugular vein , they _20_ blood moving back to the heart even while the animal is drinking.1.pump 2.system 3.unusually 4.double 5.wonder 6.terrible 7. Another 8. Down 9. Rush 10.plowing 11.swollen 12. What 13.turns 14.tissues 15.much 16.animals 17.whenever 18.carries 19.up 20. KeepA great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods 1 largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of 2 we already know about. 3 you wanted to buy a washing-machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding 4 , price, etc, from an advertisement. Lots of people 5 that they never read advertisements, but this 6 may be seriously doubted. It is 7 possible not to read advertisements these days. And what 8 they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper 9 be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy 10 at a blank wall or reading railway bye-laws while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely-printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a 11 to a drab wall or a newspaper 12 of the daily ration of calamities. We must not forget, 13 , that advertising makes a positive contribution to our 14 . Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not survive without this 15 of revenue. The fact that we pay so 16 for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programs is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price! Another thing we mustnt forget is the “small ads.” 17 are in virtually every newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously useful 18 they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. No other item in newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep 19 into human nature. Its the best advertisement for advertising 20 is1.derives 2.ones 3.provided 4.performance 5.pretend 6.claim 7.hardly 8.fun 9.would 10.gazing 11.difference 12.full 13.either 14.pockets 15.source 16.little 17.which 18.service 19.insight 20.there Before the 20th century , the horse provided day to day transportation in the United States. Trains were used only for long-distance transportation.Today the car is the most popular _1_ of transportation in all of the United States . It has completely _2_ the horse as a means of everyday transportation. Americans use their car for _3_ 90 percent of all personal _4_.Most Americans are able to _5_ cars. The average price of a _6_ made car was , 500 in 1950, 740 in 1960 , and up _7_ 750 in 1975 . during this period American ear manufacturers set about _8_ their products and work efficiency.Meanwhile , the yearly income of the _9_ family increased from 1950 to 1975 _10_ than the price of cars . For this reason , _11_ a new car takes a smaller _12_ of a familys total earnings today.In 1951 _13_ it took 8. 1 months of an average familys _14_ to buy a new car . In 1962 , a new car _ 15_ 8.3 of a family s annual earnings. By 1975 it only took 4.75 _16_ income . In addition, the 1975 cars were technically _17_ to models from previous years.The _18_ of the automobile extends throughout the economy _19_ the car is so important to Americans . Americans spend more money _20_ their cars running than on any other item.1.means 2.replaced 3.nearly 4.trip 5.buy 6.recently 7. To 8. Improving 9. Average 10.faster 11.purchasing 12.part 13.proportionally 14.income 15. Cost 16.months 17.superior 18.influence 19.so 20 .keepingChildren model themselves largely on their parents.They do so mainly through identification.Children identify 1 a parent when they believe they have the qualities and feelings that are 2 of that parent.The things parents do and sayand the 3 they do and say to themtherefore strongly influence a childs 4 .However, parents must consistently behave like the type of 5 they want their child to become. A parents actions 6 affect the selfimage that a child forms 7 identification.Children who see mainly positive qualities in their 8 will likely learn to see themselves in a positive way.Children who observe chiefly 9 qualities in their parents will have difficulty 10 positive qualities in themselves.Children may 11 their selfimage, however, as they become increasingly 12 by peersgroupsstandards before they reach 13 . Isolated events, 13 dramatic ones, do not necessarily have a permanent 14 on a childs behavior.Children interpret such events according to their established attitudes and previous training.Children who know they are loved can, 15 , accept the divorce of their parents or a parents early 16 .But if children feel unloved, they may interpret such events 17 a sign of rejection or punishment. In the same way, all children are not influenced 18 by toys and games, reading matter, and television programs. 19 in the case of a dramatic change in family relations, the 20 of an activity or experience depends on how the child interprets it.1.with 2. Characteristic 3.way 4.behavior 5.person 6.also 7.through 8.parents 9.negative 10.seeing 11.modify 12.influenced 13.even 14.effect 15.for example 16.death 17.as 18.alike 19.as 20.effectDo you find getting up in the morning so difficult that its painful? This 1 called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy 2 . During the hours when you 3 your work you may say that youre hot. Thats true. The time of day when you feel most 4 is when your cycle of body temperature is 5 its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For 6 it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it 7 such familiar monologues (自言自语) as: Get up John! Youll be late for work again! The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his 8 and energy peak in the evening, 9 family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize 10 these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the 11 has. You cant change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life 12 it better. 13 can help, Dr. Kieitman believes. Maybe youre sleepy in the evening but feel you must 14 late anyway. Counteract (对换) your cycle 15 by habitually staying up late than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do 16 in the day, 17 before your usual hour. This wont change your cycle, but youll get up steam and work better at your low point. Whenever possible, do 18 work in the afternoon and 19 tasks requiring more energy or concentration for you 20 hours.1.might be 2.cycle 3.labour through 4.energetic 5.at 6.others 7.leads to 8.temperature 9.much 10.what 11.family 12.fit 13.habit 14.stay up 15.to some extent 16.early 17.rise 18.routine 19.save 20.shaperEvery year more than half a million American kids have drainage tubes surgically implanted in their ears to combat persistent infections. The procedure , know as tympanostomy , may not be as _1_ as the tonsillectomy was in the 1940s , but it now _2_ as the naions leading childhood _3_ and a new study suggests its being vastly overused. In _4_ more than 6000 scheduled ear tube operations, a team of experts _5_ by Harvard pediatrician Lawrence Kleinman found that fewer than half were clearly justified. “Each year”, the researchers write in the current Journal of American Medical Association , “several hundred thousand children in the United States may be _6_ tympanostomy tubes that offer them no demonstrated _7_ and may place them at increased _8_.Tube placement isnt a _9_ risky procedure, but it costs $1000 to $1500 and sometimes scars the eardrum , causing a partial loss of _10_. Studies show that the benefits are most likely to _11_ the risks if a childs middle ear has produced sticky fluid _12_ more than four month despite treatment _13_ antibiotics. For less virulent infections , drug treatment is usually a (n)_14_, safer alternative. In the new jama study Kleinmans team reviewed the medical charts of 6429 kids , all under 16,_15_ doctors had recommended the procedure. Even making generous assumptions about the likely _16_ , the researchers found that a quarter of the proposed operations were _17_ , since less invasive alternatives were available , _18_another third were as likely to harm the recipients as help them.Parents neednt _19_ about ear tubes that are already in place. Once _20_ implanted , tiny devices provide drainage for six mouths to a year , then come out by reducing health costs hundreds of millions of dollar every mon 2.ranks 3.operation 4.reviewing 5.led 6.receiving 7. Advantage 8.risk 9.terribly 10.hearing 11.outweigh 12. For 13.with 14.cheaper 15.whose 16.benefits 17.inappropriate 18.while 19.panic 20.successfullyFrom childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When humans first (1)-, they were like newborn children, unable to use this (2) - tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kinds future (3) - and cultural growth increased. Many linguists believe that evolution is (4) - for our ability to produce and use language. They (5) - that our highly evolved brain provides us (6) - an innate language ability not found in lower (7) -. Proponents of this innateness theory say that our (8) - for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, (9) - a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical (10) - times for language development. Current (11) - of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. (12) -, more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in (13) - grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being (14) - to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the (15) - of their first language have become firmly fixed.(16) - some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been (17) - from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that (18) - with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language (19) - than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. (20) -, children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their childs language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.1. evolved 2. Valuable 3. Attainments 4. Responsible 5. Claim 6. With 7. Organisms 8. Potential 9. As 10 . biological 11. Reviews 12. Indeed 13. the lower 14. Exposed 15. Rules 16. Although 17. Isolated 18. Interaction 19. Acquisition 20. In other words For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines: a never-ending flood of words. In (1) - a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend (2) - can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are (3) - readers. Most of us develop poor reading (4) - at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency (5) - in the actual stuff of language itself-words. Taken individually, words have (6) - meaning until they are strung together into phrased, sentences and paragraphs. (7) -, however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to (8) - words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over (9) - you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which (10) - down the speed of reading is vocalization - sounding each word either orally or mentally as (11) - reads. To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an (12), which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate (13) - the reader finds comfortable, in order to “stretch”him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, (14) - word-by-word reading, regression and subvocalization, practically impossible. At first (15) - is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, (16) - your comprehension will improve. Many people have found (17) - reading skill drastically improved after some training. (18) - Charlce Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute (19) - the training, now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that how he can (20) - a lot more reading material in a short period of time.1.getting 2.quickly 3.poor 4.habits 5.lies 6.little 7.Unfortunately 8.reread 9.what 10.slows 11.one 12.accelerator 13.than 14.making 15.comprehension 16.but 17.their 18.take 19.before 20.get throughFor the past two years , I have been working on students evaluation of classroom teaching . I have kept a record of informal conversations _1_ some 300 students from at _2_ 21 colleges and universities. The students were generally _3_ and direct in their comments _4_ how course work could be better _5_. Most of their remarks were kindly _6_ -with tolerance rather than bitternessand frequently were softened by the _7_ that students were speaking _8_ some , not all , instructors. Nevertheless , _9_ the following suggestions and comments indicate , students feel _10_ with things-as-they-are in the classroom.Professors should be _11_ from reading lecture notes . It makes their _12_ monotonous.If they are going to read , why not _13_ out copies of the lecture? Then we _14_ need to go to class . Professors should _15_ repeating in lectures material that is in the text-book. _16_ weve read the material , we want to _17_ it or hear it elaborated on , _18_ repeated . A lot of students hate to buy a _19_ text that the professor has written _20_ to have his lectures repeat it .1.involving 2. Least 3.frank 4.on 5. Presented 6.made 7.case 8.about 9.as 10 dissatisfied 11.discouraged 12. Voices 13.give 14. Shouldnt 15.avoid 16.once 17.discuss 18.not 19.required 20.onlyIf you were to begin a new job tomorrow, you would bring with you some basic strengths and weaknesses. Success or (1) in your work would depend, to (2) great extent, (3) your ability to use your strengths and weaknesses to the best advantage. (4) the utmost importance is your attitude. A person (5) begins a job convinced that he isnt going to like it or is (6) that he is going to ail is exhibiting a weakness which can only hinder his success. On the other hand, a person who is secure (7) his belief that he is probably as capable (8) doing the work as anyone else and who is willing to make a cheerful attempt (9) it possesses a certain strength of purpose. The chances are that he will do well. (10) the prerequisite skills for a particular job is strength. Lacking those skills is obviously a weakness. A book-keeper who cant add or a carpenter who cant cut a straight line with a saw (11) hopeless cases. This book has been designed to help you capitalize (12) the strength and overcome the (13) that you bring to the job of learning. But insgroupsto measure your development, you must first (14) - stock of swheres you stand now. (15) we get further along in the book, well be (16) - in some detail with specific processes for developing and strengthening (17) - skills. However, (18) - begin with, you should pause (19) - examine your present strengths and weaknesses in three areas that are critical to your success or failure in school: your (20) -, your reading and communication skills, and your study habits.1.failure 2.a 3.on 4.of 5.who 6.sure 7.in 8.of 9.at 10.Having 11.is 12.on 13. Weakness 14.take 15.as 16.dealing 17.learning 18.to 19.to 20.attitudeIn every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which, taken tog