外文翻译--变速器的作用

附 录 附录 A 外文文献原文 Automotive Transmission The role of transmission The output of the engine speed is very high, maximum power and maximum torque at a certain speed area. Engine in order to exert the best performance, it is necessary to have a variable-speed devices, to coordinate the engine speed and the actual wheel speed. Transmission process in the car, in between the engine and the wheels have a different gear ratio, by shifting the engine can work at their best performance of state power. Transmissions are the development trend of more and more complex, increasingly high degree of automation, automatic transmission will be the mainstream of the future. Transmission type Automotive automatic transmission has three common forms: namely, Automatic Transmission (AT), mechanical stepless automatic transmission (CVT), electric-controlled mechanical automatic transmission (AMT). At present, the most widely used is the AT, AT almost become synonymous with automatic transmission. AT Torque by Torque, and planetary gear and hydraulic control system components, through the hydraulic transmission and gear portfolio approach to achieve variable-speed torque variation. One of Hydraulic Torque is the most important parts, which pump wheels, turbines and components, such as guide pulley of the transmission of both torque and the role of clutch. AT compared with, CVT save the complex and cumbersome combination of variable-speed gear transmission, but the two groups to carry out variable-speed drive pulley. By changing the driving wheel and driven wheel contact belt speed radius. Canceled because of gear, so the transmission ratio can change speed more smoothly, without shifting sense of the sudden jump. AMT and Automatic Transmission (AT) are the same class has automatic transmission. It is in general based on the manual transmission, through the installation of microcomputer-controlled electric device to replace the original finish by the manual operation of the clutch of separation, joint, and block transmission of the election, motion shift, automatic shift implementation. The general structure of automobile transmission 1. Easy transmission of the basic structure: the shell, transmission and manipulation of some parts. (1) Shell: Shell is the basic pieces of support for the installation of transmission and storage of all parts lubricants. Has installed its bearing on the precision boring. Transmission under varying load, so the stiffness of the shell should be enough, there is to strengthen the wall, the shape of the complex, as many castings (gray cast iron materials, commonly used HT200). In order to facilitate the installation, transmission and manipulation of some Split parts are frequently made, cover with the housing connected by bolts and reliable positioning. Shell has come on up, I put the oil, check oil foot mouth, should also be taken into heat dissipation. (2) Transmission parts: is the gear, shaft, bearings and other transmission parts. Geometry axis through strength, stiffness calculation. Mainly due to decide on the stiffness, while the carbon steel and alloy steel elastic modulus almost equal, so the general use of carbon steel (commonly used 45 steel). Only one gear with the shaft or axle load made serious only by steel. Shaft and gear for many spline connection (for neutral good, reliable transmission of power, a small compressive stress, etc.). Spline shaft bearing parts and let the surface hardening treatment by the Department. S haft with rolling bearing supports many, easy lubrication, high efficiency, small radial clearance, axial positioning should be reliable. Many ways to use splash lubrication ( 25m / s, as long as the appropriate viscosity apparently succumbed to the wall). (3) to manipulate parts: the main components located inside the transmission cover. 2. The composition of the structural characteristics of transmission: there is easy and efficient transmission, the advantages of simple easy-to-use-Jun mine but a few files, i changed the scope of small (traction, speed small), file number should be taken only at certain limited Cut used. If the increase in the scope of i, then increase the size so that transmission, axle span increase, both in order to increase the file-axis span of a few do not make too large, transmission can be formed. The composition of the so-called transmission, usually from both a combination of easy transmission, one of a few more files as the main transmission, less transmission known as the deputy. Transmission component of advantages: (1) can reduce the number of gears, and a few more files to reduce the number of gear the more obvious advantages. Easy compared with the transmission, it can shorten the length of shaft to reduce the transmission of the external size and weight, and can easily be more than one reverse. Into the file so the current number of files more than six hours, almost all transmission components. (2) transmission: the rate of change of than large: if the main transmission gear ratio change rate zu = 3, Vice transmission fu = 4 is = 12； easy transmission arrangement = 12, the structure is often difficult to reasonable. Composed of transmission of disadvantage: (1) file groups have correspondence between the transmission ratio, so that each file is not 2, (the speed and traction) are ideal. (2) manipulation of trouble shifting, and sometimes both want to manipulate some speed, if not for the flower arrangement will shift memory. In order to reduce the control action, it is best to shift the order. Calling attention to the grade for this presentation ten out files so that the first group of transmission ratio is greater than all of the first file group 11 to the majority of phase transformation from the stall speed of just fixing the main purpose of this is the only way most convenient. 附录 B 外文文献中文翻译 变速器的作用 发动机的输出转速非常高，最大功率及最大扭矩在一定的转速区出现。为了发挥发动机的最佳性能，就必须有一套变速装置，来协调发动机的转速和车轮的实际行驶速度。变速器可以在汽车行驶过程中，在发动机和车轮之间产生不同的变速比，通过换 档 可以使发动机工作在其最佳的动力性能状态下。变速器的发展趋势是越来越复杂，自动化程度也越来越高，自动变速器将是未来的主流。 变速器的型式 汽车自动变速器常见的有三种型式：分别是液力自动变速器 (AT)、机械无级自动变速器 (CVT)、电控机械自动变速器 (AMT)。目前应用最广泛的是 AT，AT 几乎成为自动变速器的代名词。 AT 是由液力变扭器、行星齿轮和液压操纵系统组成，通过液力传递和齿轮组合的方式来实现变速变矩。其中液力变扭器是最重要的部件，它由泵轮、涡轮和导轮等构件组成，兼有传 递扭矩和离合的作用。 与 AT 相比， CVT 省去了复杂而又笨重的齿轮组合变速传动，而是两组带轮进行变速传动。通过改变驱动轮与从动轮传动带的接触半径进行变速。由于取消了齿轮传动，因此其传动比可以随意变化，变速更加平顺，没有换挡的突跳感。 AMT 和液力自动变速器（ AT）一样是有级自动变速器。它在普通手动变速器的基础上，通过加装微电脑控制的电动装置，取代原来由人工操作完成的离合器的分离、接合及变速器的选 档 、换 档 动作，实现自动换 档 。 汽车变速器一般结构 1.简单式变速器的基本结构：由壳体、传 动部分和操纵部分组成。 (1)壳体：壳体是基础件，用以安装支承变速器全部零件及存放润滑油。其上有安装轴承的精确镗孔。变速器承受变载荷，所以壳体应有足够的刚度，内壁有加强，形状复杂，多为铸件 (材料为灰铸铁，常用 HT200)。 为便于安装，传动部分和操纵部分常做成剖分式，箱盖与壳体用螺栓联接并可靠定位。壳体上有加油、放油口，油面检查尺口，还应考虑散热。 (2)传动部分：是指齿轮、轴、轴承等传动件。轴的几何尺寸通过强