湖北省武汉市高考英语阅读理解和书面表达一轮练习（3）.doc

湖北省武汉市2016高考英语阅读理解和书面表达一轮练习（3）阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的a,b,c或d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。grown- ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. a man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. he can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. he can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. a mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “twinkle, twinkle, little star” or remember the story of cinderella or goldilocks and the three bears. one explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: once we have learned something, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it. in childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. we continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “twinkle, twinkle, little star”and childhood tales such as cinderella and goldilocks. we not only learn but overlearn.the multiplication tables (乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.the law of overlearning explains why cramming (突击学习) for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. by cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. a little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for ones future development.1. what is the main idea of paragraph 1?a. people remember well what they learned in childhood.b. children have a better memory than grown- ups.c. poem reading is a good way to learn words.d. stories for children are easy to remember.2. the author explains the law of overlearning by.a. presenting research findings b. setting down general rulesc. making a comparison d. using examples3. according to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is.a. a result of overlearning b. a special case of crammingc. a skill to deal with math problems d. a basic step towards advanced studies4. what is the authors opinion on cramming?a. it leads to failure in college exams. b. its helpful only in a limited way.c. its possible to result in poor memory. d. it increases studentslearning interest.【参考答案】14、adab阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2013西安市标准化考练，d)up to 45 rare species of australian animals are in danger of becoming extinct within 20 years, scientists warned in a report. but hope is not lost! according to the report, the species can be saved if immediate action is taken to control their natural predators (天敌) and other threats.the threatened animals can be found in the faraway kimberley region of northwestern australia. the region is similar in square miles to california. thirty percent of the endangered species are unique to the region, while others have already disappeared in other parts of australia.dr. tara martin, a research scientist said in the report, “a large extinction event is happening in australia. the north has really been the last stronghold (主要栖息地) for many species of birds and mammals and reptiles. the kimberley is really their last chance on earth.”many of the species are under threat because they are hunted by wild cats. these cats kill around 500 000 native animals in the kimberley region every day. the species face another threat, too. their native habitat is also being destroyed by wildfires and by wild donkeys and goats that compete for food and water. humans introduced cats, donkeys and goats to australia to be farm animals or pets. however, their populations have exploded in the region because they have few natural predators.the report calls for $ 95 million to immediately start protection programs. the report also suggests reducing wild donkey and goat populations in the region, building fences, fighting wildfires and educating the community about how to help the endangered species. richard hobbs, an ecologist at the university of western australia, says the costs are worthwhile because the measures will not be too difficult to carry out.文章大意：本文是一篇调查报告。在澳大利亚有多达45种稀有动物在接下来的二十年里将会灭绝。报告主要讲述了这些物种所面临的危险并提出了保护它们应该采取的一些措施。13which of the following should be done to protect the rare species of australian animals?aproviding new habitat for them.bsupplying more food and water to them.cgetting rid of the dangers to them.dleading them to the north of australia for a better life.答案：c细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中“the species can be saved. to control their natural predators (天敌) and other treats”可知，我们人类应当立即帮助这些珍稀物种去除威胁它们生存的因素。故c项正确。14paragraphs 23 mainly tell us _.awhere the threatened animals can be foundbhow worrying the situation of the rare animals iscthe kimberley is the home of many rare speciesdthe kimberley is a safe place for animals to live答案：b段落大意题。根据第二段最后一句“. while others have already disappeared in other parts of australia.”和第三段最后一句“the kimberley is really their last chance on earth.”可知，文章此处告诉我们稀有动物的处境是多么危险。故b项正确。15the article may appear in a magazine on _.aanimals bgeographycchemistry dhistory答案：a推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了一些地方动物的危险处境，所以最有可能出现在杂志中的动物栏中。故a项正确。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2013临沂市三模，d)maps of the worlds population show that the majority of people today live near water. we live along coastlines, around bays, up the course of rivers and streams and on islands. we also vacation at the beach and find comfort fishing on a lake. nothing makes small children happier than the chance of playing in water. more surprisingly, this human favor for water makes evolutionary(进化的)sense. sure, we need drinking water to live, but we have also benefited from whats swimming under the waves. neuroscientist crawford of the university of north london has proposed that our ancient ancestors attached to the sea, and that their devotion paid off by allowing the human species to develop large and complex brains. crawford claims that when humans separated from apes(类人猿)and appeared in the forests of africa, they stuck close to rivers and beaches and started catching fish, clams and crabs. that seafood was packed with omega3 fatty acids, essential fatty acids that promote brain cell growth. its no coincidence, crawford claims, that human brain growth began to increase rapidly once we left the woods and headed for the beach. scientists have also discovered that people who eat fish regularly are less likely to suffer from depression than those who eat less seafood. biochemist hibbelin of the national institutes of health has shown that across cultures there is a direct link between amount of fish eaten each week and rates of depression. more interestingly, hibbelin and researcher laura have found that fish is commonly used as a symbol of happiness and good health in various religions and cultures. we know that fish and the sea are good for us, and so we seek them out. we vacation on the coast and see the waves come and go, feeling happiness has taken over our brain. when we move inland, or go home from vacation, we lose touch with our sea roots and feel unhappy. 文章大意：这是一篇说明文。喜欢水并寻找有水的地方是人类的天性。16to explain humans favor for water, the author _. alists some examples bcompares some facts canalyzes some numbers draises some questions 答案：a写作手法题。为了说明人们对水的偏爱，作者在第一段里列举了许多例子。17human beings have benefited a lot from seafood because _.aseafood has enough water and is freshbfishes in the sea have large and complex brains cour ancestors had nothing to eat but seafood dit is abundant in fatty acids promoting brain cell growth 答案：d细节理解题。从第四段最后一句“that seafood was packed with omega3 fatty acids, essential fatty acids that promote brain cell growth. ”可知答案。18according to crawford, human brain developed fast when we _.awent to the coast to spend our holidays bleft the woods and headed for the beachcseparated from apes and appeared in the forests of africa ddiscovered seafood was packed with omega3 fatty acids 答案：b细节理解题。根据第五段从“crawford claims, that human brain growth began to increase rapidly once we left the woods and headed for the beach.”可知答案。19whats the main idea of paragraph 6? ascientists help people overcome depression.bfish is a kind of symbol in some religions.ceating fish regularly may reduce our depression.dhappiness is linked with good health.答案：c主旨大意题。第六段的中心句是第一句“.scientists have also discovered that people who eat fish regularly are less likely to suffer from depression”，其余句子都是围绕这个中心内容的。20what can we infer from the passage? aits good to our health to swim under the waves. bhuman has the largest and most complex brains. cbeach is the best destination of vacation. dits human nature to seek out bodies of water. 答案：d推理判断题。从第一段和最后一段的内容可以推知，喜欢水并寻找有水的地方是人类的天性。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2013乌鲁木齐三诊，a)when i met him, i had a lot of anger inside of me. ive lived my whole life in spanish harlem, but in my neighborhood, there are shootups all the time. i know kids who have been shot or beaten up. i have friends who were barred in prison. i could have ended up that way, too, but mr. clark wouldnt let that happen.mr. clark worked long hours, making sure i did my work. my grades rose. in fact, the scores of our whole class rose. one day, he took our class to see the phantom of the opera, and it was the first time some kids had ever been out of harlem. before the show, he treated us to dinner at a restaurant and taught us not to talk with our mouths full. we did not want to let him down.mr. clark was selected as disneys 2000 teacher of the year. he said he would draw three names out of a hat; those students would go with him to los angeles to get the award. but when the time came to draw names, mr. clark said，“youre all going.”on graduation day, there were a lot of tears. we didnt want his class to end. in 2001, he moved to atlanta, but he always kept in touch. he started giving lectures about education, and wrote a bestselling book based on his classroom rules, the essential 55. in 2003, mr. clark took some of us on a trip to south africa to deliver school supplies and visit orphanages. it was the most amazing experience of my life. its now my dream to one day start a group of womens clubs, helping people from all backgrounds.文章大意：本文是一篇写人记叙文。介绍了“我”的老师clark先生，他带“我们”欣赏歌剧、领“我们”一起领奖；他写了一本畅销书在他的帮助下，“我”积极生活，没有受到周围不良环境的影响。1what would happen when the time came for mr. clark to go to los angeles?amany students would be treated to dinner at a restaurant there.bhe would start his new businesses and get more students there.call of his students would go with him to get the award.dhe would take his class to see a movie at a theater there.答案：c细节理解题。根据第三段中的“those students would go with him go los angeles to get the award. youre all going.”可知，当clark先生去洛杉矶时，他的所有学生将和他一起去领奖。故c项正确。2which of the following is the name of a book?athe phantom of the opera.bthe essential 55.cspanish harlem.ddisneys 2000 teacher.答案：b细节理解题。根据最后一段第四句中“. and wrote a bestselling book based on his classroom rules, the essential 55”可知，the essential 55是一本书的名字，故b项正确。3from the writers story we can infer that _.athe writer might have been put into prison without mr. clarkbthanks to mr. clarks hard work, the writer won the award for best teachercthe writer followed mr. clark to south africa to help old people in poor areasdmr. clark retired in the year after he was selected as disneys 2000 teacher答案：a推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“i have friends who were barred in prison. i could have ended up that way, too, but mr. clark wouldnt let that happen.”可知，要是没有mr. clark的帮助，“我”就可能像“我”的朋友那样进监狱了。故a项正确。4according to the text, what does the writer mainly intend to let us know?amr. clark was so successful a teacher that he devoted all his life to his career.bthe way mr. clark helped to raise the scores of his class.cmuch was mr. clark respected and loved by all of his students.da good teacher has a good influence on his or her students.答案：d主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了“我”的老师mr clark对“我”的影响，如果没有他的帮助，“我”很可能像“我”的朋友一样进监狱了。故本文主要说明一个好老师对学生的积极影响。故d项正确。【2015高考复习】书面表达随着人民生活水平的不断提高，越来越多的人加入了“有车一族”，可是随之而来的不便和污染也越来越明显。各大城市均饱尝了堵车之痛。北京市也在广泛征集治堵良方，请根据下面图中的相关信息，结合自己的理解，写一封倡议书，表达一下自己的观点，倡导绿色出行。词数100左右。lets go cycling!as is depicted in the picture above，we can see that the streets are filled with so many cars that the traffic jams happen very frequently，which has very bad influence on the life of the people._【参考范文】lets go cycling!as_is_depicted_in_the_picture_above，we _can _see_ that_ the_ streets_ are_ filled_with_so_many_cars_that_the_traffic_jams_happen_very_frequently，which_ has_ very _bad _influence _on_ the_ life_ of_ the_ people.nowadays we chinese people are living a comparatively rich life.people buy cars to go out very conveniently.but what we have to mention is that so many cars on the road might not be a good thing for the city traffic.sometimes it is easy to get jammed.always using cars is not good for health and it produces to some degree air pollution.the bicycle is a chinese traditional stereotype.many people like to go cycling.cycling is recreation，a sport，and