外文翻译--基于ADAMS的麦弗逊悬架运动学仿真分析

黑龙江工程学院本科生毕业设计 1 附录 A Performance Kinematics Simulation of Macpherson Suspension Based on ADAMS WANG Yuefang, WANG Zhenhua (Department of Vehicle & Power Engineering， College of Mechatronics Engineering,North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030051, China) Phone:+863513920300 Fax:+863513922364 E-Mail: Abstract: The paper discusses a basic simulation way on founding a front suspension simulation model. It applies on method of multi-body dynamics and uses virtual prototyping technology software ADAMS building up Macpherson suspension entity mold. It analyzes the relations between a Macpherson suspension system and wheel alignment characteristic through kinematics simulation, and obtains the changing trend of the wheel alignment parameters. This provides theoretical foundation with further optimization design. Key words: Macpherson Suspension； Kinematics Simulation； ADAMS 1. Introduction Suspension system is a key part for cars, and has decisive effect on car drivability, stability, and comfortability. Because of its characteristics of simple structure, low cost and space economy, Macpherson suspension has become the most popular independent suspension since its emergence. Hence, the kinematics analysis of Macpherson suspension has great significance. ADAMS (Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical System) is a simulation software of mechanical system used most widely in the world. Based on the ADAMS virtual model technology, the automobile suspension is regard as a multi-body system which parts connect and motion each other. With the help of ADAMS/View, this paper established multi-body dynamics model of Macpherson front suspension of some car which is increasingly wide used in modern car, and the effects of suspension parameters when wheel travel or turn were studied. The ADAMS entity numeric suspension kinetics simulation provides an efficient and updated tool for developing suspension system. 2. Simulation model 2.1 Front suspension subsystem simulation model Firstly, three-dimensional model of Macpherson suspension system in the Pro/E 黑龙江工程学院本科生毕业设计 2 according to acquired geometric parameters is established. Secondly, ADAMS/CAR model is imported by utilizing MECHANISM/Pro, and the geometric characteristic parameters can be obtained from Pro/E three-dimensional documents. The founding model time is short and very accurate. Fig.1 is the model of Macpherson suspension subsystem. Table 1 is the constraints relationship between rigid bodies of front Macpherson suspension. Fig.1 Front Macpherson suspension subsystem 1-lower triangle swinging arm 2-universal joint3-subsidiary car frame 4-upper suspension support 5-tie rod 6-wheel rim 7-driving axle 8-driving joint axle9-shock absorber 10-rubber liner 2.2 Steering subsystem simulation model Gear and rack steering system model adopts partial coordinate system. The base point lies in center of circle of steering wheel. The direction of x, y, z axle is radial, tangential, normal of steering wheel separately. Figure 2 is the model which contains six rigid bodies that are rack, rack shell, gear axle, middle axle, steering limb and steering wheel axle. Three assembled bodies connect tie rod, subsidiary car frame and car body. Fig.2 is the model of steering system. Table 2 is the constraints relationship between rigid bodies of steering subsystem. 黑龙江工程学院本科生毕业设计 3 Fig.2 The model of steering subsystem 2.3 Simulation model of front Macpherson suspension system Front Macpherson suspension subsystem and steering subsystem models from ADAMS/CAR that have been established are invoked. Then, combined parameters are input. So far , front Macpherson suspension model is finished. Figure 3 is the kinematics simulation model of Macpherson suspension. Fig.3 Suspension simulation model 3. Kinematics simulation analyses 3.1 Data process Initial simulation conditions uniform actual parameters of the researched car. Utilizing ADAMS/CAR model simulates bilateral parallel travel and opposite direction travel. So, the alteration of camber angle, kingpin inclination angle, caster angle and toe angle are analyzed. The structure of Macpherson suspensions left and right is symmetrical, it is totally the same to alignment parameters, only the left wheel alignment parameters are analyzed3. The range that this car beats is 150mm -130mm actually. Under two kinds of operating modes, the comparison of changed curves on wheel alignment parameters are shown in Fig. 4-7. 黑龙江工程学院本科生毕业设计 4 Fig.4 Camber angle vs wheel travel Fig.5 Caster angle vs wheel travel Fig.6 Toe angle vs wheel travel Fig.7 Kingpin inclination angle vs wheel travel 3.2 Discussion and analysis (1)In the process of wheel parallel travel and opposite travel, the alignment parameters change with the change of wheel vertical shift. In Fig.4, camber angle reduces firstly and increases secondly. The changing amount is 0.9786. The change of camber angle contains two parts: the change of camber angle that comes from car body roll and the changing amount of camber angle that relates car body travel. In Fig.5, the change of caster angle with the wheel vertical shift rise sharply. (2)Under two kinds of operating modes of wheel parallel travel and opposite travel, Fig.6 is shown , the change of toe angle is obviously. Under the operating modes of opposite travel, toe angle increases from -0.8029 to 1.6844. Its change 黑龙江工程学院本科生毕业设计 5 affects car drivability and stability. (3)As we can see in Fig.4 and Fig.7, when the wheel travels downward, the change range that is from 0 -130mm, the changing trend of kingpin inclination angle is opposite to camber angle. This could aggravate the wheel wear. But, according to the theoretical relationship and adjust, proper and acceptedcorresponding relation can be obtained. 4. Conclusion This paper discusses kinematics simulation analysis on founding a front Macpherson suspension simulation model that uses technology software ADAMS. Three conclusions are as follows: (1)ADAMS/CAR model is imported from Pro/E by utilizing MECHANISM/Pro, but model can also be imported to SolidWork or UG in STEP format, then, imported to ADAMS in ParaSolid format. (2)The original wheel orientation parameters of Macpherson suspension meet the require. These indicate that the model is rational. The wheel wear range is accepted. (3)The change trend of the wheel alignment parameters is gained through kinematics simulation analysis of Macpherson suspension. Wheel alignment characteristic has effect on full-vehicle capability through suspension and Camber angle. On contrary, full-vehicle motion characteristic affects wheel alignment characteristic through suspension. In a word, virtual prototyping technology software ADAMS can greatly predigest design program and shorten exploitive cycle, greatly reduce exploitive expense and cost, clearly improve product quality and system capability to get optimized and innovated product. 黑龙江工程学院本科生毕业设计 6 附录 B 基于 ADAMS 的麦弗逊悬架运动学仿真分析 王月芳，王振华 （ 中北大学车辆与动力工程系 , 山西太原 030051) 摘要 ： 本文讨论了一种建立麦弗逊前 悬架模型的基本仿真分析方法。它运用多体动力学的理论并在虚拟样机技 术软件 ADAMS 上建立麦弗逊悬架实体模型。通过运动学仿真，分析了麦弗逊悬架系统与车轮定位参数特性之间的关系，得到车轮定位参数的变化趋势。这些 为进一步优化设计提供了理论依 据。 关键词 : 麦弗逊式悬架 ；运动仿真； ADAMS 1. 前言 悬架系统是汽车的关键部件，对汽车的动力性，操纵稳定性，舒适性有决定性影响。由于它的结构简单，成本低，节省空间的特点，麦弗逊悬架从它诞生以后就成为了应用最广泛的独立悬架类型。因此对麦弗逊悬架进行运动学分析具有重要意义。 ADAMS (Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical System)是世界上应用最广泛的机械系统仿真软件。基于 ADAMS虚拟样机技术，汽车悬架可以看作是各部件相互连接和运动的多体系统。借助于 ADAMS/View，本文建立了某轿车的麦弗逊前悬架（ 在现代轿车上应用越来越广泛）的多体动力学模型，并研究了当车轮跳动，转动时，悬架结构参数产生的影响。在 ADAMS上进行悬架动力学仿真为悬架技术的发展提供了有效而且及时的方法。 2. 仿真模型 前悬架系统建模 首先，根据必要的几何参数，在 Pro/E中建立麦弗逊悬架的三维模型。其次，通过MECHANISM/Pro， ADAMS/CAR模型被导入，而且模型的几何参数通过 Pro/E三维模型文件也能得到。建模花费时间短，并且精确。图 1所示的即为麦弗逊悬架子系统。表 1列出了悬架各部件间的连接关系。 图 1：麦弗逊前悬架 黑龙江工程学院本科生毕业设计 7 1-下 三角摆臂； 2-转向节 3-副车架； 4-悬架上支架 5-转向横拉杆 6-轮毂； 7-传动轴 8-传动轴节 9-减震器； 10-橡胶衬套 转向系统模型 齿轮齿条式采用局部坐标系 ,坐标原点位于转向盘圆心处 ,x、 y、 z轴的方向分别为转向盘的径向、切向、法向。模型如图 2,包括 6个刚体 ,分别为齿条、齿条壳体、齿轮轴、中间轴、转向管柱和转向盘轴。 3个装配刚体 ,分别用来连接转向横拉杆、副车架和车身。刚体之间的相互约束关系如表 2。 Fig.2 转向系统模型 2.3 建立前悬架仿真平台模型 在 ADAMS/CAR 中调用上面建立好的前悬架子系统和转向子系统 ,输入相关参数 ,完成麦弗逊式悬架的建模。悬架运动学仿真模型如图 3所示。 黑龙江工程学院本科生毕业设计 8 图 3： 悬架运动学仿真平台模型 3. 运动学仿真分析 3.1 数据处理 仿真初始条件和此车实况参数保持一致 ,利用 ADAMS/CAR模块进行双侧平行跳动和反向跳动仿真 ,分析车