第三部分 专题十 代词、介词(短语)及数词.doc

代词介词和数词代词考点一：替代词 one /ones /the one /the ones /that /those的用法1.one替代单数名词，通常为泛指的不特定的名词，ones为其复数形式。the one替代前面的单数名词，表示特指，往往其后带定语，the ones 为其复数形式我没有电脑，我想明年买一台。I havent got a computer. I want to buy _next year. 桌子上的那本词典比架子上的那本要好。The dictionary on the desk is much better than _ / _ on the shelf.2that既可以替代特指的单数可数名词，也可以替代特指的不可数名词，替代特指的单数可数名词时，相当于 the one在冬季，北京的天气要比南京的天气冷得多。The weather in Beijing is _ _ _ _ in Nanjing in winter.3those 替代可数名词复数，相当于 the ones一班的学生比二班的学生学习更努力。Students in Class One are more hardworking than _ / _ _ in Class Two.4one 替代前边的名词，作前边名词的同位语时；前边的名词若是特指，要用the one；若是泛指则用oneHe is a kind student, one who always helps others.他是一个热心肠的学生，_ 总是帮助别人的学生。He is the most excellent student, the one who wins the first prize.他就是那个最优秀的学生，_ 赢得一等奖的学生。( ) Silly me！ I forget what my luggage looks like. What do you think of over there？(2011重庆高考) Athe one Bthis Cit Dthat考点二：it的用法1. 用作人称代词，代替前面提到的事物或人，在句子中作主语或宾语你的故事很有趣，但是我不喜欢。Your story is interesting, but I dont_. 2用于疑问句的答语中，代替指示代词(this, that) Whats this？ _a panda.3当说话者不清楚或没必要知道说话对象的性别时，也可用it 来表示多漂亮的宝宝啊！是个男孩吗？What a beautiful baby！_ ？4用作非人称代词，表示时间、日期、天气、温度、距离等，常用作句子的主语从我家到学校有两公里远。_5it 作形式主语或形式宾语，而把不定式短语、动词ing 短语或名词性从句等真正的主语或宾语置于句末我讨厌与他人谈话时嘴里含着食物的人。I hate _ _someone speaks to others with his or her mouth full of food.他发现学好一门外语是不容易的。_6用作look, seem, appear, happen 等词的主语他好像迷路了。 _ _ _ he lost his way. 我昨天碰巧看见他了。_ _ _I saw him yesterday. 7it 用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词后面，尤其是表示好恶的动词或词组后面如：enjoy, like, love, dislike, hate, appreciate, dont mind, be fond of, feel like, see to, depend on 等后你相信好了，他们会支持你的。You may _ _ _ _ they will support you. ( )The two girls are so alike that strangers find _ difficult to tell one from the other. (2011山东高考) Ait Bthem Cher Dthat( ) Why dont you bring to his attention that youre too ill to work on？ (2011江西高考)Athat Bit Cthis Dhim考点三：不定代词的用法1.both, all, either, any, neither, none的用法都任何都不两者botheitherneither三者或三者以上allanynone Can you come on Monday or Tuesday？ Im afraid _ day is possible. 恐怕(这两天)哪天都不行。( ) He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found of them again. (2010重庆高考) Aneither Beither Ceach Dall2none, nothing, nobody (no one)的区别(1) none 既可指人，也可指物，且表特指概念，常回答how many, how much引导的疑问句； nobody (no one) 只能指人，且表泛指概念，常回答who 引导的疑问句； nothing 只能指物，且表泛指概念，常回答what 引导的疑问句。 How much money do you have？ _. 一点也没有。(2) none 往往与前面的some/any/every名词相对应；nothing 往往与前面的 something/anything/everything 相对应； no one 往往与前面的somebody (one)/everybody (one)/anybody (one)相对应。如果我有钱的话，我就借给他一些，但不幸的是，我没钱。If I had some money, I would lend him some, but unfortunately, I have _ /_ _ . (3) none后面可跟of 短语，而something/anything/everything/nothing和someone/anyone/everyone/no one却不能。由于我们在睡觉，因此没人听到那声音。As we were asleep, _ _ _ heard the sound. ( ) I knew that would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director. (2011湖南高考) Asomething Banything Ceverything Dnothing 3another, the other的区别 another 意为“另外的，另一个”指三者或三者以上的另一个，泛指同类的人或事物，可单独使用或在其后加单数可数名词。“the other单数名词”特指两者中的另一个，可用the one 代替；“the other复数名词”特指两者以上中剩下的所有的，可用the others 代替。.我不喜欢这件毛衣，请再给我拿一件。 I dont like this sweater and give me _ _, please ( ) To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered . (2011上海高考)Athe other Bother Cthe others Danother4全部否定和部分否定all/both/everyone/everybody/everything 以及every+名词都表示全部肯定； no one/none/nobody/nothing/not .any,以及no+名词都表示全部否定；但当not 出现在含有全部肯定的不定代词的句子中，不管not 在它们之前还是在它们之后都表示部分否定。此外not 与总括性副词（如 everywhere,always,wholly, altogether 等）连用时也表示部分否定。所有的儿童都不吵闹。 _ _ the children are noisy. 并非他们两个都愿意停下来休息。 _ _ _dont want to stop for a rest. ( ) Swimming is my favorite sport. There is like swimming as a means of keeping fit. ( 2010江西高考)Asomething Banything Cnothing Deverything考点四：人称代词人称代词的主格在句中作主语，宾格在句中作动词或介词的宾语。( ) On my desk is a photo that my father took of _ when I was a baby. (2010四川高考)Ahim Bhis Cme Dmine考点五：反身代词反身代词在句中可以作call, enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce等动词和by, for, to等介词的宾语，还可以作主语或宾语的同位语，可译作“亲自，本人”，但不能作主语。( ) Surprisingly, Susans beautiful hair reached below her knees and made almost an overcoat for her. (2011安徽高考) Athem Bher Citself Dherself介词考点一：常用介词的用法1. 介词at 可表示动作、感情的原因，意思是“因而；一听到(看到/想到)就”那男孩为什么对作者的请求感到吃惊？Why was the boy surprised _ the writers request？2on的用法(1) on名词或v.ing 形式可表示“一就”。我一到家就发现他们已经离开了_ _ _ , I discovered they had gone. 。(2)on“关于”她考了我们不规则动词。 She tested us _ _verbs. ( ) Nick, its good for you to read some books _ China before you start your trip there. (2011四川高考)Ain Bfor Cof Don3with 的用法(1)表示“和在一起，由陪同或有在场”的意思。她同父母住在一起。 _ (2)表示时间关系，意为“在过程中”。随着时间的流逝，他们都长成大小伙子了。 _ _ _ , they have grown into big boys. (3)构成with复合结构。她闭着眼睛背靠在椅子上坐着。 She lay back in the chair _ _ _ _ . (4)指原因或理由。小孩吓得打哆嗦。 The small child trembled _ _ . ( )The dictionary is what I want, but I dont have enough money me. (2010重庆高考)Aby Bfor Cin Dwith4by的用法(1)表示“不迟于(某时间)，在之前”的意思。我们十点钟之前得到家。 We have to be home _ / _ ten oclock. (2)含有“到的程度”的意思。这一个比那一个短三英寸。 This one is shorter than the other _ _ _ . (3)表示买卖东西所用以计算的数或量，或付酬所用以计算的时间。牛奶论品脱卖，黄油论磅卖，鸡蛋论打卖。Milk is sold _ _ _ , butter _ _ _ , and eggs _ _ _ .(4)表示“按照”或“根据”的意思。按我的表，现在是十一点半。 _ _ _ , the time is half past eleven. 5of的用法(1)of 与抽象名词连用，表示的意义相当于对应的形容词ofgreat/much 抽象名词 very 形容词； of no 抽象名词 not形容词这个东西很贵重。 It is _ _ _ . It is very valuable. 它没用。 It is _ _ _ . It is _ _ . It is _ . (2)“of名词”结构中的名词表种类、数量、度量等时，表示不同的人或物的共同特征，此时名词前常有冠词、the same和different等。常见的名词有size/type/price/height/length/age/colour等。这两个双胞胎一样高。 The twins are _ _ _ . ( ) Children need friends their own age to play with. (2009辽宁高考)Aof Bfor Cin Dat6beyond 表示“(时间)过了，比晚，迟于；(位置)在那边，超出之外；为所不及，超出的能力”等意思他们过了九点才到。 They arrived _ _ _ . 山的那一边是边境地带。 _ _ _ was the border territory. 汤姆的数学比他哥哥的好多了。Tom is _ _ his elder brother in maths. 考点二：易混介词的用法辨析1.besides, except, except for, but 的区别(1)besides 表示“除之外还”，其宾语包括在内。(2)except 表示“除了”，其宾语不包括在内。(3)except for 强调整体中的细节，意思是“只是”，前后的事物不属于同类。(4)but 常可与except 互换，强调“不在其中”。只有约翰非常了解这座城市。 _ _ / _ John knows the city well. 除了音乐嘈杂了点，我们在聚会上玩得很开心。We enjoyed the party _ _ the loud music. 2with/by/in 三者可用来表示“用(工具、手段、材料)”。(1)with 多用于有形的工具或身体的某部位、器官前。(2)by 多用于无形的工具、方式、方法、手段前。(3)使用语言、原料、材料时多用 in。 你可以用斧头砍木头。 You can cut the wood _ _ _. 她靠卖保险为生。 She makes her living _ _ _ . ( ) With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken color. (2011北京高考) Aby Bfor Cwith Din考点三：常用的介词短语owing _由于 due _ 由于 because _ 因为 instead _而不是，代替for _ of 以免，害怕 _ the purpose of 以为目的 in _ of 尽管 in _ of 以防，万一 thanks _多亏了 _ to 根据_of不管，不顾 for _ of 因缺乏 by _ of 借助于 for the _ of 为了起见 in _ of 支持 in _ of 为了纪念in _ of 需要 in _ of 掌管 in _ 总共，共计 in _ 简言之in _ 实际上 in _ 作为回报 in _ of 就而言，从角度来说_ average 平均_average高于平均数_ average 低于平均数 in _详细地In _一般地 on _ 故意地_ from 除之外 _ from 远非( ) He was a good student and scored _ average in most subjects. (2011天津高考)Abelow Bof Con Dabove( ) Wed better discuss everything before we work out the plan. (2011江苏高考)Ain detail Bin general Con purpose Don time数词考点一：基数词的常考点(1)基数词的复数形式与of连用表示概数常见的有：dozens of (许多的), scores of (许多的), hundreds of (数以百计的), thousands of (数以千计的), millions of (数以百万计的)等。Your actions may touch the lives of _ _ p