综合教程2-Unit2 key words and lecture notes.docx

Electronic Teaching Portfolio Book TwoUnit Two: Optimism and Positive ThinkingPart I Get StartedSection A Discussion Sit in groups of threes or fours and discuss the following questions.1) How do you feel about your present life? 2) Are you in a bad mood sometimes? If so, why? 3) Do you know how to keep yourself in a good mood? 4) How do you react to difficulties in life? Can you give an example?5) Do you think optimism is the key to a happy and better life? Answers for reference:1) Possible Answers: a. I feel happy about my present life. l My parents love me much and my classmates are friendly and caring. l I am making progress in my studies every day. l I am becoming a more independent person.b. I am not happy about my life now. l It seems that I still cannot adapt to college life very well.l I find it hard to balance between social activities and studies. l I have difficulty getting along with my classmates. l I feel lonely at times.2) Possible Answers: a. Yes, I am in a bad mood sometimes. l when I have a quarrel with one of my classmates;l when I fail to get the desired results in my examinations;l when I feel bored and can find nothing interesting to do;l when I have a money problem.b. No, I am never in a bad mood.3) Possible Answers: Yes, I know a few ways to keep myself in a good mood.l Tell myself to be in a good mood every morning when I get up;l Choose to look at the bright side of things;l Focus on the things I have rather than things I do not have or cannot get;l Do some sports or play some computer games to distract myself when in a bad mood;l Take a walk on campus.4) Possible Answers: a. If I meet some problems or difficulties in life, I will face them positively and try my best to solve them by myself. l My parents hardly have enough money to pay for my education. I did not complain or feel disadvantaged. Instead, I set my mind on solving the problem by myself. After I got into college I found a part-time job on campus and managed to earn some money to support myself.b. I would turn to my parents for help, because they are more experienced in life. And they are always willing to help.c. I would just ignore them and let them be. Therell be some kind of solution somehow. Why bother? 5) Possible Answers: a. Yes, I think so because happiness is a feeling of self-contentment. If I choose to be an optimist and to be always in a good mood, I may feel happier and laugh more, and in this way I can enjoy life more, have more chances of success, and most probably I will live longer. b. No, I dont think so. Optimism alone is not enough for a happy and better life. Things may not get better just because of ones will power or ones optimistic attitude towards them.Section B Quotes Study the following quotes about personality and see if you accept the ideas expressed in the quotes. Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face. Victor Hugo Interpretation:When we feel disappointed, sad, lonely or miserable, we tend to feel as if we were living in winter. But laughter is a good medicine and it can work miracles. If we make a conscious effort to laugh, we will soon find that we are in a better mood. Here, Victor Hugo tells us, in a humorous way, the importance of being optimistic in times of adversity. Victor Hugo About Victor Hugo:Victor Hugo /5vIkE(r) 5hju:gEU/ (1802-1885): French writer of poems, plays, and novels. Two of his most famous novels, Notre Dame de Paris (巴黎圣母院); in English also called The Hunchback of Notre Dame (钟楼怪人) and Les Misrables (悲惨世界), have been made into films, and Les Misrables has also been made into a famous musical (音乐剧).What seems to us as bitter trials are often blessings in disguise (伪装). Oscar Wilde Interpretation:Life is full of trials. When you are in difficulty or suffer a setback, dont despair. You can always find something good in what seems to be a bad thing. Once youve gone through the trials, you will find yourself stronger and in a better position to attain success. Oscar Wilde About Oscar Wilde:Oscar Wilde /5CskE(r) waIld/ (1854-1900): Irish writer of poems, stories, and especially humorous plays. He is best known for his play The Importance of Being Earnest and for his novel The Picture of Dorian Gray.A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty. Winston Churchill Interpretation:The attitude of a person colours things around him or her. A pessimistic person is always focusing on the negative side of things. Even when there is a good opportunity, a pessimist will think about the possible dangers or risks involved in it. An optimist does recognize the difficulties, but he or she chooses to focus on the positive side. Winston Churchill About Winston Churchill:Winston Churchill /5wInstEn 5tF:tFIl/ (1874-1965): British politician who was Prime Minister during most of World War II and again from 1951 to 1955. He is still remembered and admired by most British people as a great leader who made possible Britains victory in the war.Optimism is the faith that leads to achievement. Nothing can be done without hope and confidence. Helen Keller Interpretation:Optimism is essential for achievement. If we see no hope and have no confidence in what we are doing, we can achieve nothing. It is hope and confidence that motivate us to reach our objectives. Helen Keller About Helen Keller:Helen Keller /5helEn 5kelE(r)/ (1880-1968): US writer known especially for the way she learned to speak and write after becoming blind and deaf as a baby. She greatly helped blind and deaf people by collecting money, making speeches, and trying to change peoples attitudes. She was the subject of a famous book and film about her life called The Miracle Worker (奇迹创造者). Section C Watching and DiscussionWatch the following video clip “How to Practice Positive Thinking” and do the tasks that follow:插入视频片段： “How to Practice Positive Thinking.wmv” 1. Fill in the missing words according to what you hear from the video clip.A few simple attitude adjustments can make you happier and healthier. Heres how to harness the power of positivity. You will need: optimism, visualization, happy friends and a gratitude journal. Step 1: Expect things to work out. Step 2：Instead of focusing on the negative, try to find something positive in every negative situation. Step 3: Picture yourself succeeding at challenging events. Step 4: Surround yourself with happy people. Step 5: Write down 5 things youre grateful for every single day. 2. Discuss the topic with your group members: How have you practiced positive thinking in your daily life? What do you think is the effect of positive thinking?Answers for reference: (Open.)Script：How to practice positive thinking?A few simple attitude adjustments can make you happier and healthier. Heres how to harness the power of positivity. You will need: optimism, visualization, happy friends and a gratitude journal. Step 1: Expect things to work out. Optimists have reason to be cheery. Studies have shown that optimists are more successful and healthier than pessimists. Step 2：Instead of focusing on the negative, try to find something positive in every negative situation. This will train your brain and help your positive thinking come more naturally to you. Step 3: Picture yourself succeeding at challenging events. Visualizing yourself as strong and triumphant primes you to make it happen which is why athletes have been using this tricks for years. The more vivid the image, the likelier it will work. So engage all your senses in the fantasy smell, taste, feel and sounds.Step 4: Surround yourself with happy people. Its easier to stay positive when youre with other cheerful folks some research indicates happiness is contagious.Step 5: Write down 5 things youre grateful for every single day. Transplant patients who did this reported more energy and deeper sense of well-being. Did you know Norman Vincent Peale, the author of “The Power of Positive Thinking” lived to be 95?Part II Listen and RespondSection A Word Bankoptimist n. a person who thinks that whatever happens will be good 乐观主义者mood n. a state of the feelings at a particular time 心情，情绪；心境employee n. (of) a person who is employed 常与of连用受雇者，雇员optimism n. U a tendency to give more attention to the good side of a situation or to expect the best possible result 乐观；乐观主义bottom line n. the most important thing to consider 要点，关键Section B Task One: Focusing on the Main IdeasTurn to page 37. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences according to the information contained in the listening passage. 1） According to the passage Michael was _. A) a curious person B) always an optimist in his lifeC) always a victim in his company D) an employee who liked complaining 2） If something bad happened or someone came to him complaining Michael would _. A) choose to be a victim.B) be more likely to be in a bad moodC) choose to accept the bad thing or the complainingD) choose the positive side of life3） In Michaels opinion _. A) those people who like to complain will often affect our mood B) we should do some morning exercises to cheer us up C) how we live our life is decided by our attitude to life D) optimists have more chances of success than pessimists 4） From Michael the speaker has learned that _.A) each morning he must say something to himselfB) everyone may have a chance of successC) every day we have a choice to live fullyD) its not easy to be an optimist Answers for Reference: 1) B 2) D 3) C 4) CSection C Task Two: Zooming in on the DetailsListen to the recording again and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard.1) If an employee was having _, Michael was there telling the employee how to look on the _ side of the situation.2) Each morning when Michael woke up he would remind himself to be in a _ and choose the positive side of life; if something bad happened, he would choose to _ it and not to be a_ of it. 3) In Michaels opinion, life is all about _. Every situation in life is a choice. You choose how you _ situations; you choose how people will _ your mood; you choose how you _. The bottom line is: Its your choice how you live your life. 4) The author decided to follow Michaels example and believed that if he chose to be an optimist he might _, _ and might have more _. Answers:1) If an employee was having a bad day, Michael was there telling the employee how to look on the positive side of the situation.2) Each morning when Michael woke up he would remind himself to be in a good mood and choose the positive side of life; if something bad happened, he would choose to learn from it and not to be a victim of it. 3) In Michaels opinion, life is all about choices. Every situation in life is a choice. You choose how you react to situations; you choose how people will affect your mood; you choose how you feel. The bottom line is: Its your choice how you live your life. 4) The author decided to follow Michaels example and believed that if he chose to be an optimist he might feel better, enjoy life more and might have more chances of success. Script:Attitude Is EverythingMichael was a natural optimist. He was always in a good mood, always up and always had something positive to say. If an employee was having a bad day, Michael was there telling the employee how to look on the positive side of the situation. Seeing his optimism really made me curious, so one day I went up to Michael and asked him, “I dont get it. You cant be positive all the time. How do you do it?”Michael replied, “Each morning I wake up and say to myself: Mike, you have two choices today. You can choose to be in a good mood or you can choose to be in a bad mood. I choose to be in a good mood. Each time something bad happens, I can choose to be a victim or choose to learn from it. I choose to learn from it. Every time someone comes to me complaining, I can choose to accept the complaining or I can point out the positive side of life, I always choose the positive side of life.”“Yeah, right. But it isnt that easy.” I said.“Yes, it is easy,” Michael said. “Life is all about choices. Every situation in life is a choice. You choose how you react to situations; you choose how people will affect your mood; you choose how you feel. The bottom line is: Its your choice how you live your life.”From Michael I have learned that every day we have a choice to live fully. So I will choose to be an optimist. If I am an optimist I may feel better, enjoy life more, and maybe have more chances of success.Part III Read and ExploreText A Section A Discovering the Main Ideas1. Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A. 1) According to Rich DeVos, what is the relationship between optimism and success?2) Why should each of us choose between optimism and pessimism to shape our outlook and our expectations?3) What is the authors choice? Why does he make such a choice?4) What does the authors experience in the service station tell us?5) Whats the meaning of the sentence “Optimism doesnt need to be naive”(Para. 9)? Answers for Reference:1) According to Rich DeVos, there seems to be a natural cause-and-effect relationship between optimism and success. 2) Because there is enough good and bad in everyones life and this serves as a rational basis for us to choose either optimism or pessimism.3) Rich DeVos chooses to highlight the positive and slip right over the negative, because he is an optimist by choice as much as by nature. And he found that the good in life is far greater and more important than the bad.4) It tells us that a negative attitude may have a profound effect on the way we feel and act.5) We can be optimists and still recognize that problems exist and that some of them are not dealt with easily. 2. Text A can be divided into three parts. Now write down the paragraph numbers of each part and then give the main idea of each in one or two sentences. Part Paragraph(s)Main IdeaOne_Two _Three _ Answers for Reference:Part Paragraph(s)Main IdeaOne 1-3 It is necessary to choose optimism to shape our outlook andexpectations. Two 4-7 The author illustrates the effect of negativism through his own experience. Three 8-10 The author suggests that we direct our attention to positiveand constructive thinking rather than to negativism. Section B In-depth StudySome psychologists believe that ones state of mind has great influence over ones social and intellectual performance, and the quality of life depends much on ones attitude towards life. If this is the case, then can we consciously make our emotions work for us in a constructive way? The following passage provides a positive answer: by simply choosing optimism, we can lead a better life.Choose OptimismRich DeVos1 If you expect something to turn out bad, it probably will. Pessimism is seldom disappointed. But the same principle also works in reverse. If you expect good things to happen, they usually do! There seems to be a natural cause-and-effect relationship between optimism and success.2 Optimism and pessimism are with powerful forces, and each of us must choose which we want, so as to shape our outlook and our expectations. There is enough good and bad in everyones life ample sorrow and happiness, sufficient joy and pain to find a rational basis for either optimism or pessimism. We can choose to laugh or cry, bless or curse. Its our decision: From which perspective do we want to view life? Will we look up in hope or down in despair? 3 I believe in the upward look. I choose to highlight the positive and slip right over the negative. I am an optimist by choice as much as by nature. Sure, I know that sorrow exists. I am in my 70s now, and Ive lived through more than one crisis. But when all is said and done, I find that the good in life is far greater and more important than the bad.4 An optimistic attitude is not a luxury; its a necessity. The way you look at life will determine how you feel, how you perform, and how well you will get along with other people. Conversely, negative thoughts, attitudes, and expectations feed on themselves; they become a self-fulfilling prophecy. Pessimism creates a sad and hopeless place where no one wants to live in.5 Years ago, I drove into a service station to get some gas. It was a beautiful day, and I was feeling great. As I walked into the station to pay for the gas, the attendant said to me, “How do you feel?” That seemed like an odd question, but I felt fine and told him so. “You dont look well,” he replied. This took me completely by surprise. A little less confidently, I told him that I h