sat课前练习阅读.doc

词汇题题型：主要两种题型，熟词辟意和生僻词汇例题1：In Passage 1, line 2, “entertain” most nearly meansA. amuseB. harborC. occupyD. cherishE. engage原文：Anyone with more than a superficial knowledge of Shakespeares plays must necessarily entertain some doubt concerning their true authorship.例题2：In line 23, “range”most nearly meansA. scopeB. distanceC. variationD. rankingE. valueHis (Mark Twins) humor has international range because it is constructed out of a deep comprehension of human nature and a profound sympathy for human relationships and human failings.l Tip1：如果一道词汇题发现它是大家很熟悉的词，我们一定要小心，不能马上在选项中选所谓你知道的含义的同义词。那么，什么是生僻词汇呢？生僻词汇题的特点是这个单词很长，同时这个词具备没有明显的词根词缀的特点，再次它在阅读文章中出现的位置很可能是一个概括性的概念词汇、或者是句子活段落并列结构中的某个部分中出现的词汇。总而言之一句话-就是你不认识的单词！例题：In Passage 2, line 75, the word“encyclopedic” most nearly meansA. technicalB. comprehensiveC. abridgedD. disciplinedE. specialized原文：Shakespeares dramatic gifts had little to do with encyclopedic knowledge, complex ideas, or a fluency with great systems of thought.l Tip2：如果词汇题的定位点出现了平行结构，则去这个平行结构的其他部分找相对应的单词（如考的是形容词，则去找形容词；考的是动词，则去找动词），并且在选项中找一个与这个对应单词的同义词。就这道题而言，encyclopedic的位置在knowledge这个名词前，因此判断出它是一个形容词（最起码它起形容词的作用）。而另一部分有个ideas与knowledge明显对应，那么修饰idea的complex（复杂而综合的）就是encyclopedic的意思。选项中只有comprehensive（全面而广泛的）与complex的意思一样。方法总结：u 1根据题干中所给的行数找定位点u 2读完整个句子，所考察单词一律翻译成“空格”，避免在思维中该词原有含义对解题的干扰，同时避免在翻译过程中不通顺的问题。u 3以所考单词为分界点，看前半句与后半句是什么意思。并判断其关系。如果是平行结构，则要看平行结构中的对应点。u 4如是记叙文、或本句找不出答案，则要读此定位句的上一句话、再读其下一句话。如还没有答案，则需判断这个定位句所属段落作者想要表达的含义，尤其是从态度上判断。练习1S: They are altogether unlike the provinces, where the surprises lie not in discovering what is odd or new but in appreciating, at last what is routine and everyday, a larger accomplishment than one might imagine.Q: In line 21, appreciating most nearly meansA. preserving from harmB. increasing in valueC. understanding betterD. praisingE. thanking2S: In the United States, the traditional view embraced by society is that fences are European, out of place in the American landscape.Q: In line 1, embraced most nearly meansA. caressedB. adoptedC. enfoldedD. includedE. Encircled3S: The cost of having so successfully itemized and pigeonholed nature, of being able to name names and explain behaviors, is to limit certain possibilities of seeing and apprehending. For example, the modern human thinks that he or she can best understand a tree (or a species of tree) by examining a single tree.Q: As used in lines 87-88, “apprehending” most nearly meansA. seizingB. anticipatingC. fearingD. understandingE. doubting4S: It sits atop a wooded hillside overlooking the Pacific in Malibu, California. Critics have contemptuouslycompared it to Disneyland. “A plastic paradise in kitsch city”, grumped one. “It outstrips any existing monument to expensive, aggressive bad taste, cultural pretension, and self-aggrandizement.”Q: In line3, plastic most nearly meansA. pliableB. artificialC. impermanentD. innovativeE. inexpensive5S: For the truth was, as Mulcahy had to acknowledge, pacing up and down his small office, that in spite of all the evidence he had been given of the presidents unremitting hatred, he found himself hurt by the letterwounded, to be honest, not only in his self-esteem but in some tenderer place, in that sense of contract between people that transcends personal animosities and factional differences, that holds the individual distinct from the deed and maintains even in the fieriest opposition the dream of final agreement and concord. He had not known, in short, that the president disliked him so flatly.Q: In line 60, “flatly ”most nearly meansA. evenlyB. tautlyC. shallowlyD. unemphaticallyE. unequivocally6I didnt venture into the room again for more than a few seconds at a time, except when I was with grown-ups. Emboldened by their companyI talked with my elders .I was still being watched. The searching gaze was always the same, so melancholy and accusing that I begin to feel a sense of guilt.Q：In line 60, “searching” most nearly means(A) bidden道别的(B) beseeching恳求的(C) resourceful丰富的(D) forlorn孤独的(E) penetrating锐利的7.to make the magnificent cats story more poignant still, many scientists have concluded that the species is severely inbred, the result of a disastrous population crash thousands of years ago from which the poor animals have hardly had a chance to recover.Q：In line 16,”crash” most nearly means(A) accident(B) intensity(C) decline(D) noise(E) extinction8Jerry had certain ambitions: ambition makes more liars than egotism does. But Jerry was so careful, his lies such modest calculations, that he was always believed.Q： “modest” most nearly means（A） shy（B） self conscious（C） secretive（D） decent（E） moderate9.In Celebrated Women Travelers of the Nineteenth Century (1883), Davenport Adams comments: Fettered as women are in European countries by restraints, obligations, and responsibilities, which are too often arbitrary and artificial., it is natural enough that when the opportunity offers, they should hail even a temporary emancipation through travel.”Q：in context, “hail”(line 80) most nearly means（A） call out to（B） gesture to（C） come from（D） welcome（E） summon10.The imitation thesis argues primarily in moral terms. According to it, television consumption leads above all to moral dangers. Anyone who is exposed to the medium becomes habituated to libertinism, irresponsibility, crime, and violence.Q：as used in line 14, “consumption” most nearly means（A） destruction（B） viewing（C） erosion（D） purchasing（E） obsession11.Unlike everyone else, the theorist has remained completely intact morally, can distinguish in a sovereign manner between deception and reality, and enjoys complete immunity in the face of the idiocy that he or she sorrowfully diagnoses in the rest of us.Q：in line 59, “sovereign” is best understood to mean（A） excellent（B） opulent（C） elitist（D） absolute（E） oppressive举例说明题1.In passage 2, Reber describes Marcons work chiefly in order toA. Disparage the narrow-mindedness of some of the scientific communityB. Illustrate the dangers of commercial control over scienceC. Suggest why Janskys discovery was greater than MarconsD. Show that theoretical science is superior to applied scienceE. Criticize the attitude of the industrialists of Marcons dayThe pundits of Marconis day said his ideas about wireless radio would not work because radio waves were similar to light and would not bend around the curvature of the Earth. Even after Marconis successful transatlantic radio transmission in 1901, many doubted his results because there was no known way radio waves would perform as he reported.2.The author likens art to a “rainbow trout” (line63-64) in order toA. Stress the importance of color in artB. Suggest arts dependence on its environmentC. Mock those who prefer abstract paintingD. Argue that must be grounded in a reverence for natureE. Compare the activity of painting to mundane pursuitsWhenever I have seen art in its land of origin, I have been struck by its reliance on place. In America, Japanese art looks withdraw into itself, as if stiffened in self-defense; Australian Aboriginal art, unutterably powerful in Australia, loses meaning, can even look merely decorative, when carted off that continent, losing force as visibly as a rainbow trout fades when cast onto the bank of a river.3.In spite of such omissions, what Rosenblatt does include in his discussion makes for an astute and worthwhile study. Black fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnsons Autobiography of an Ex-colored Man.Q: The author of the passage refers to James Weldon Johnsons Autobiography of an Ex-colored Man mostprobably in order toA. Point out affinities between Rosenblatts method of thematic analysis and earlier criticismB. Clarify the point about expressionistic style made earlier in the passageC. Qualify the assessment of Rosenblatts book made in the first paragraph of the passageD. Illustrate the affinities among Black novels disclosed by Rosenblatts literary analysisE. Give a specific example of one of the accomplishments of Rosenblatts work4. Many theories have been formulated to explain the role of grazers such as zooplankton in controlling the amount of planktonic algae (phytoplankton) in lakes. The first theories of such grazer control were merely based on observations of negative correlations between algal and zooplankton numbers. A low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number of grazers suggested, but did not prove, that the grazers had removed most of the algae. The converse observation, of the absence of grazers in areas of high phytoplankton concentration, led Hardy to propose his principle of animal exclusion, which hypothesized that phytoplankton produced a repellent that excluded grazers from regions of high phytoplankton concentration. This was the first suggestion of algal defenses against grazing.Q: The author most likely mentions Hardys principle of animal exclusion in order toA. Give an example of one theory about the interaction of grazers and phytoplanktonB. Support the contention that phytoplankton numbers are controlled primarily by environmental factorsC. Defend the first theory of algal defenses against grazingD. Demonstrate the superiority of laboratory studies of zooplankton feeding rates to other kinds of studies of such ratesE. Refute researchers who believed that low numbers of phytoplankton indicated the grazing effect of low numbers of zooplankton5. One way out of this dilemma was to turn to the records of legal courts, for there the voice of the nonelite can most often be heard, as witnesses, plaintiffs, and defendants. These documents have acted as “a point of entry into the mental world of the poor.” Historians such as Le Roy Ladurie have used the documents to extract case histories, which have illuminated the attitudes of different social groups.Q: The author mentions Le Roy Ladurie (line 16) in order toA. Give an example of a historian who has made one kind of use of court recordsB. Cite a historian who has based case histories on the birth, marriage, and death records of the noneliteC. Identify the author of the quotation cited in the previous sentenceD. Gain authoritative support for the view that the case history approach is the most fruitful approach to court recordsE. Point out the first historian to realize the value of court records in illuminating the benefits and values of the nonelite6. So if Fido and I are sitting on the terrace, admiring the view, we inhabit worlds with radically different principles of phenomenology. Say that the wind is to our backs. Our world lies all before us, within a 180 degree angle. The dogs-well, we dont know, do we?Q：the example in the last paragraph suggests that “principle of phenomenology” mentioned in lines 34-35 can best be defined as（A） memorable things that happen（B） behaviors caused by certain kinds of perception（C） ways and means of knowing about something（D） rules one uses to determine the philosophical truth about a certain thing（E） effects of a single individuals perception on what others believe7.That nineteenth-century French novelist Honore De Balzac could be financially wise in his fiction while losing all his money in life was an irony duplicated in other matters. For instance, the very women who had been drawn to him by the penetrating intuition of the female heart that he showed in his novels were appalled to discover how insensitive and awkward the real man could be.Q：the example in lines 4-8 primarily suggests that（A） Balzacs work was not especially popular among female readers（B） Balzac could not write convincingly about financial matters（C） Balzacs insights into character were not evident in his everyday life（D） people who knew Balzac personally could not respect his as an artist（E） readers had unreasonable expectations of Balzac the man8. It seems the true source of creation for Balzac was not sensitivity but imagination. Balzacs fiction originally sprang from an intuition he first discovered as a wretched little school boy locked in a dark closet of his boarding school: life is a prison, and only imagination can open its door.Q：question 10, the author mentions Balzacs experiences as a schoolboy in order to（A） explain why Balzac was unable to conduct his financial affairs properly（B） point out a possible source of Balzacs powerful imagination（C） exonerate the boarding school for Balzacs lackluster performance（D） foster the impression that Balzac was an unruly student（E） depict the conditions of boarding school life during Balzacs youth9. The imitation thesis argues primarily in moral terms. According to it, television consumption leads above all to moral dangers. Anyone who is exposed to the medium becomes habituated to libertinism, irresponsibility, crime, and violence. The private consequences are blunted, callous; and obstinate individuals; the public consequences are the loss of social virtues and general moral decline. This form of critique draws, as is obvious at first glance, on traditional, bourgeois sources. The motifs that recur in this thesis can be identified as far back as the eighteenth century in the vain warnings that early cultural criticism sounded against the dangers of reading novels.Q：the author makes the comparison to the novel in lines 21-24 in order to（A） point out televisions literary origins（B） underscore the general decline of culture（C） emphasize televisions reliance on visual imagery（D） expose narrow-minded resistance to new forms of expression（E） attack the cultural shortcomings of television producers推断题 练习1.One author after another denounces “the Englishmans insultingly inhospitable brick wall, topped with broken bottles.” Frank J. Scott, early landscape architect who had a large impact on the look of Americas first suburbs, worked tirelessly to rid the landscape fences, which he derided as a feudal holdover from Britain. Writing in 1870, he held that “to narrow our own or our neighbors views of the free graces of Nature”was selfish and undemocratic.Q：In line 10-12, Frank J. Scotts observation implies that natureA. is graceful and beautiful only in areas uninhabited by humansB. should be available for all to enjoy without hindranceC. must be incorporated into the design of American suburbsD. exerts a more powerful effect on the British than on AmericansE. Is less evident in American suburbs than in the British countryside2. The one word that sums up the attitude of the silent filmmakers is enthusiasm, conveyed most strongly before formulas took shape and when there was more room for experimentation. This enthusiasm uncertainty often resulted in such accidental discoveries as new camera or editing techniques.Q：The author of Passage 1 uses phrase “enthusiastic uncertainty” in line 17 to suggest that the filmmakers wereA. excited to be experimenting in a new fieldB. delighted at the opportunity to study new technologyC. optimistic in spite of the obstacles that faced themD. eager to challenge existing conventionsE eager to please but unsure of what the public wanted3.I（Her name is Jane）heard