陕西省咸阳市高考英语阅读理解（18）.doc

陕西省咸阳市2014高考英语阅读理解（18）及答案【2014高考英语陕西省一模联考试题】 so where did table manners come from?in medieval england, a writer named petrus alfonsi took the lead to urge people not to speak with their mouths full. and king david i of scotland also proposed that any of his people who learned to eat more neatly be given a tax deduction (减除).disappointingly, that idea never caught on. it was during the renaissance, when there were real technical developments, opinions of correct behavior changed for good. “none of these was more significant than the introduction of the table fork,” wrote hitchings. “gradually, as forks became popular, they brought the new way of eating, making it possible, for instance, to consume berries without making ones fingers dirty.”forks were introduced to britain in 1608 and 25 years later, the first table fork reached america. yet while most of the essentials (基本要素) are the same on both sides of the atlantic, there are a few clear differences between whats normal in the us and what holds true in the uk. for example, in the us, when food needs cutting with a knife, people generally cut a bite, then lay aside the knife and switch the fork to their right hand. then they pick up one bite at a time. by contrast, britons keep the fork in the left hand and dont lay the knife down.though globalization has developed a new, simpler international standard of table manners, some people still stick with the american cut-and-switch method.the los angeles times noted, “they are hanging on to a form of behavior that favors manners above efficiency.”54. what does the story mainly talk about?a. the importance of proper table manners .b. the development of table manners in western countries.c. some unwritten rules of table manners in the us and uk.d. differences between american and british table manners.55. the underlined phrase “caught on” in the passage probably means _.a. worked in practice b. became popularc. drew attention d. had a positive effect56. which of the following events influenced peoples table manners most according to the article?a. the introduction of forks.b. the tax deduction policy.c. the rise of the renaissance.d. petrus alfonsis efforts in promoting table manners.57. what can we conclude from the article?a.british and american table manners are completely different from each other.b.american people pay more attention to their table manners than british people do.c.with globalization, the american cut-and-switch method has been abandoned in the us.d.british peoples way of using a knife and fork may be more efficient than american peoples.【参考答案】bbadc22013四川卷 -bon a sunny day last august, tim heard some shouting. looking out to the sea carefully, he saw a couple of kids in a rowboat were being pulled out to sea.two 12yearold boys，christian and jack，rowed out a boat to search for a football. once theyd rowed beyond the calm waters，a beach umbrella tied to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water. the pair panicked and tried to row back to shore.but they were no match for it and the boat was out of control.tim knew it would soon be swallowed by the waves. “everything went quiet in my head，” tim recalls (回忆)“i was trying to figure out how to swim to the boys in a straight line.”tim took off his clothes and jumped into the water. every 500 yards or so, he raised his head to judge his progress.“at one point，i considered turning back，” he says.“i wondered if i was putting my life at risk.”after 30 minutes of struggling，he was close enough to yell to the boys，“take down the umbrella！”christian made much effort to take down the umbrella. then tim was able to catch up and climb aboard the boat.he took over rowing，but the waves were almost too strong for him.“lets aim for the pier(码头)，” jack said.tim turned the boat toward it.soon afterward, waves crashed over the boat，and it began to sink.“can you guys swim？” he cried.“a little bit，”the boys said.once they were in the water，tim decided it would be safer and faster for him to pull the boys toward the pier.christian and jack were wearing life jackets and floated on their backs.tim swam toward land as water washed over the boys faces.“are we almost there？”they asked again and again.“yes，” tim told them each time.after 30 minutes, they reached the pier.35why did the two boys go to the sea?a. to go boat rowing.b. to get back their football.c. to swim in the open water.dto test the umbrella as a sail.36what does “it” in paragraph 2 refer to?a. the beach.b. the water.c. the boat.dthe wind.37why did tim raise his head regularly?a. to take in enough fresh air.b. to consider turning back or not.c. to check his distance from the boys.dto ask the boys to take down the umbrella. 38how did the two boys finally reach the pier?a. they were dragged to the pier by tim.b. they swam to the pier all by themselves.c. they were washed to the pier by the waves.dthey were carried to the pier by tim on his back.【要点综述】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章描写了tim如何从波涛汹涌的海上救出了两个遇险的孩子的故事。35b细节理解题。根据文中的“two 12yearold boys, christian and jack, rowed out a boat to search a football.”可知两个12岁的男孩划着一条小船，去找足球。故选b。36d语义猜测题。根据文中的“a beach umbrella tied to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water.the pair panicked and tried to row back to shore.but they were no match for it and the boat was out of control.”可知，一把海滩伞绑在船上，风有力地刮着伞。两人惊慌失措，试图划回岸边，但他们敌不过风，然后船失去了控制。故选d。37c推理判断题。根据文中“every 500 yards or so, he raised his head to judge his progress.”可知，每500码左右，他抬起头，来判断他的进度。所以可推出他这样做是为了检测他与孩子们之间的距离。故选c。38a推理判断题。根据文中“christian and jack were wearing life jackets and floated on their backs.tim swam toward land as water washed over the boys faces.”可知，christian和jack穿着救生衣脸朝上漂浮在水上，tim带着他们朝岸边游去。故选a。即他们是由tim拖拽到码头的。c2 2013新课标全国卷 -a doctors are known to be terrible pilots. they dont listen because they already know it all. i was lucky: i became a pilot in 1970, almost ten years before i graduated from medical school. i didnt realize then, but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon. i loved flying. as i flew bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather, i learned about crew resource management (机组资源管理), or crm, a new idea to make flying safer. it means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result, regardless of positions. i first read about crm in 1980. not long after that, an attending doctor and i were flying in bad weather. the controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready. the attending doctor was flying; i was safety pilot. he was so busy because of the bad turn, he had forgotten to put the landing gear (起落架) down. he was a better pilotand my bossso it felt unusual to speak up. but i had to: our lives were in danger. i put aside my uneasiness and said, “we need to put the landing gear down now！” that was my first real lesson in the power of crm, and ive used it in the operating room ever since. crm requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up. it further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesnt overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again. so when im in the operating room, i ask for ideas and help from others. sometimes theyre not willing to speak up. but i hope that if i continue to encourage them, someday someone will keep me from “landing_gear_up”36what does the author say about doctors in general? a. they like flying by themselves. b. they are unwilling to take advice. c. they pretend to be good pilots. d. they are quick learners of crm.37the author deepened his understanding of the power of crm when_ a. he saved the plane by speaking up b. he was in charge of a flying task c. his boss landed the plane too late d. his boss operated on a patient38in the last paragraph “landing gear up” probably means_afollowing flying requirementsboverreacting to different opinionsclistening to what fellow doctors saydmaking a mistake that may cost lives39which of the following can be the best title for the text?acrm：a new way to make flying safebflying makes me a better doctorcthe making of a good pilotda pilotturned doctor【要点综述】 这是一篇记叙文。医生要做飞行员会很可怕，原因是他们比较固执，不会听从别人的建议，但是通过作者的亲身经历，发现倾听很重要，提醒也很重要，这件事使作者深有感触。36b细节理解题。根据第一段中的“they dont listen because they already know it all.”可以推知，医生通常不喜欢听从别人的建议。37a细节理解题。文章第二段作者谈到自己的一次经历，联系“ive used it in the operating room ever since.”可知，他通过提醒拯救了飞机。38d推理判断题。上文提到，通过作者的提醒避免了一次事故，此处把landing gear up用作比喻意义，指代可能以生命为代价的犯错。39b标题归纳题。本文通过飞行中的一个事例说明提醒和听从别人建议的重要性，所以说，飞行使作者成为一名更优秀的医生。【2013界内蒙古巴市一中一模】bbabysitter wanted i am seeking a babysitter for my 6-month-old son. a few hours on saturdays and sundays to help me and then other times as needed. he or she should be over 18, responsible, loving, warm, and have some experience in caring for babies. this position also suits a college student with experience looking for a part-time job. the pay is $10 an hour. if this sounds like a good job to you, please reply to or call 800-4964. office manager wanted our company is looking for a full-time experienced manager to run the business. strong skills in organisation and business management are required for this position. the office manager will be responsible for keeping financial (金融的) records, so he or she should be familiar with computers. please reply to or call 800-6978 to apply.waiter/ waitress wanted a restaurant is looking for an experienced waiter / waitress. knowledge of wines and experience in dining are necessary. must work well under pressure and understand the basics of fine dining and customer service. if youre interested, please contact us at to apply. this is a part-time job. office cleaner wanted looking for a part-time job? a position in the mississauga area needs an office cleaner! part-time 4 hours a day from 10:00 am - 2:00 pm. duties include:cleaning the washrooms cleaning the furniture sweeping the floors other general cleaning some experience is necessary. pay:$15 per hour replyto:or call 800-8197.60. which of the following position is a full-time job? a. babysitter. b. office manager. c. waiter / waitress. d. office cleaner.61. if a college girl with some experience caring for children wants to apply for a job, where should she send an email?a. b. c. d. 62. what can we learn from the passage? a. the office cleaner has to work three hours each day.b. one can apply for a waiter or waitress by telephone.c. a babysitter earns $5 more than an office cleaner per hour. d. experience is necessary for all these four jobs. 63. which of the following is necessary for a waiter / waitress? a. being familiar with computers.b. having knowledge of wines.c. knowing more about menus.d. working well with others.b篇bddb 【2013界内蒙古巴市一中一模】cobama still smokes in secretus president barack obama has just made life more difficult for cigarette makers. he has just signed a law that will set tough new rules for the tobacco industry. the new law gives the us food and drug administration the power to strictly limit the making and marketing of tobacco products.at a white house signing ceremony monday, obama said that he was among the nearly 90% of smokers who took up the habit befo