复试翻译准备.doc

Plasticity and SuperplasticityPlasticity is the capacity of a material to change its shape permanently under the action of forces when the corresponding stress state reaches a material-dependent critical magnitude called yield stress or initial stress. As seen from the results of tension test, when the stress is below the yield strength, the deformation disappears upon unloading;the material behaves elastically.If the strength exceeds the yield stress,permanent deformation results.Upon unloading, the workplace has a form that is different from its initial one.It is then said to have been plastically or permanently deformed, or if a definite final shape was sought, it has been formed. Materials which behave in an elastic-plastic manner can, after having been permanently deformed, again be loaded until the flow stress is reached （ it now has a magnitude large than the initial one ）without additional permanent deformation setting in. This increase in the flow stress as a result of prior deformation is called strain hardening.Super-plasticity has been observed widely in several kinds of materials. There are two main types of super-plastic behavior :micrograin or microstructual superplasticity ,and transformation or environmental superplasticity, but only the former is discussed here.When some materials with a fine grain size are deformed within a controlled strain rate at temperature greater than 0.5Tm(where Tm is the melting point in Kelvin),they can give a tenfold more increase in elongation compared to that for conventional room temperature processes. Superplastic deformation is characterized by low flow stress and this combined with the high uniformity of plastic flow has led to considerable commercial interest in the superplastic forming of components. Superplastically formed parts find many uses, particularly in aerospace. The superplastic forging of nickel-base alloys has been used to form turbine discs with integral blades, while the diffusion bonding and superplastic forming of titanium alloys is used to produce fan and compressor blades for aerengines. cermet s:met n. 金属陶瓷 carbide k:baid n.碳化物, 碳化钙dope dup n.浓液；涂料；毒品 cement simentn.水泥；胶结材料 vt.粘结；巩固binder 粘接剂 cobalt 钴 钴类颜料 nickel nikln.镍；(美国和加拿大的)五分钱ulture fine 超细 blend blendv.(使)混和，(使)混杂 n.混合物；混和mill miln.磨坊，碾磨机；制造厂，工厂 vt.磨，碾sieve 筛选 cylindrical silindrikl adj.圆柱形的diameter 直径 massspectrometric adj. 质谱仪的furnace f:nisn.熔炉，火炉 graphite grfaitn.石墨 crucible 坩埚dilatometry n. 膨胀测量法 zirconium z:kunim n. 化学锆foil filn.箔，金属薄片；陪衬 vt.挫败，使受挫折induction furnace 感应电炉 profile prufailn.侧面；人物简介 轮廓图 vt.为 描绘colloidal klidladj. 胶状的, 胶质的 silica silik n.硅石, 矽土 suspension sspennn.暂停；暂时剥夺；悬架；悬浮液；悬挂diamond paste 金刚石研膏 porosity p:rsiti n.多孔, 多孔性, 物理学孔隙度indentations and cracks 缩进和裂缝 pronounced maximum 显著地最大值 correspond to 与相对应oxidation state 氧化态 chemisorb kemis:b v. 用化学方法吸收 自我介绍：我的大学：Im graduating from Zhengzhou University of Light Industry which has a history of 36 years. It is the university which was built by the Henan Provincial Government and the State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau.The total building area is one million and six hundred thousand square meters. It takes the forefront among the Engineering Universities in Henan Province with its excellent teaching and scientific research ability.The library has the storage of more than 169 million copies of books and materials.It has a refreshing and scholarly atmosphere. Four years studying there made me become an independent，optimistic and strict girl. I appreciate the education my university gave me.我的家乡My hometown is xinyang, a beautiful city in henan Province. The climate is very pleasant. It is famous for its tippy and Jigongshan. In addition,there are great scenes here, Nan Wan Lake, Lingshan Temple, Tang Quan Chi and so on. Each year, many people come here for tour and see the beauty. The people in my hometown are very friedly,hardworking ,sincere and honest. They welcome the travelers from all over the world. So I believe that, with the joint efforts of every person, a better future of xinyang is coming (round the corner). 我的家庭In my family, there are four members, my grandmother, my mother,my brother and I. My father died when I was a sophomore,he worked very hard. In recent years, I live with my grandmother and my mother,they are very optimistic and positive. I love them and they love me, too. When I make a success, they are more excited than me, and support me to do better. Even though I failed, they always share sorrow with me, and encourage me not to give up. During my preparation for graduate examination, the support from my family is always everywhere. Parents love is unselfish, I am deeply affected, so I will do all what I can to repay them.为什么读研First of all,I love my major. Material is present in every corner of our lives, I hope I can understand it better by futher study.Whats more,during the past four years, I have learned a lot of professional knowledge and practical skills, but gradually, I realize it is not enough. In addition, I can do many things in a superficial level, but not be competent to do things professionally owing to lack of ample knowledge and ability. So I think further study is actually urgent for me to realize and finally achieve self-value. Life is precious, it is necessary to catch any opportunity for self-development, especially in the competitive modern society. Therefore, I prefer to go on for further education.选择本校的原因I am deeply impressed by the academic atmosphere when connecting to the web site of your department. In addition, I learned that material is very famous in this department.The laboratory equipment is very advanced.So I think I can achieve more room for development from here.If I got a chance to study here, I would like to continue to accept professional training, in order to get ready for working in the future. I hope I can achieve my goal soon.对本专业的认识Material exists in every corner of our lives,such as the bowl,the cup and so on.Continuous innovation and development of materials has greatly promoted the progress of society. Material Physics is a discipline which is used to study the material from the physics point of view. It can help us understand the material from a deeper level. during the past four years, I have learned a lot of professional knowledge and practical skills, but I realize it is not enough.So I wish I could have the opportunity to continue my graduate studies.未来的计划： About your future plans:What do you expect to achieve during your study if you are enrolled into this institute?There must be many things to learn if I were enrolled into my i